This document defines and describes smart cards. It notes that smart cards contain a microprocessor and non-volatile memory. They communicate with a reader through contact pads or contactless RF technology. The document outlines the history of smart cards and describes the main types - contact and contactless cards. It details the components and typical configurations of smart cards, and how they communicate with readers using ISO 7816 standards. Security mechanisms like passwords, challenge-response authentication and biometrics are discussed. Examples of smart card applications are also provided.

1. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT, MEERUT
SATYENDER KUMAR
0728531039

2. DEFINITION
 A Smart card is a portable devices that
contains some non-volatile memory and a
microprocessor.
 This card contains some kind of an
encrypted key that is compared to a secret
key contained on the user’s processor.

3. History of SMART CARD
 In 1968 German rocket scientist Helmut
Grottrup and his colleague Jurgen
Dethloff invented the automated chip
card, receiving a patent only in 1982.
 The first mass use of the cards was as a
Telecarte for payment in French pay
phones, starting in 1983.

4. Types of SMART CARD
 Contactless smart cards ( e.g. Highway toll
Tags )
 Contact smart card
(SIM Card, Driving license, Electronic purses
like debit card etc. )

5. Contactless SMART CARD
 These smart cards do not require any physical
contact between the card and the reader and
becoming popular for payment and ticketing
applications such as highway tolls.
 They communicates with the reader and gets
powered through R-f induction technology (at data
rate of 106-848 Kbits/sec.)
Most commonly used contactless smart cards are:
Montreal’s OPUS card, Hongkong’s OCTOPUS card,
Songhai's public transportation card.

6. Contact SMART CARD
 Contact smart cards have a contact area
of about 1sq. Cm (.16 sq. inch)
comprising of several gold plated
contact pads.
 These pads provides electrical
connectivity when inserted in to a reader

7. Plastic Cards
 Visual identity application
Plain plastic card is enough
 Magnetic strip (e.g. credit cards)
Visual data also available in machine
readable form
No security of data
 Electronic memory cards
Machine readable data

8. SMART CARDS
 Processor cards (and therefore memory
too)
 Credit card size
With or without contacts
 Cards have an operating system too.
 The OS provides
A standard way of interchanging information
An interpretation of the commands and data.
 Cards must interface to a computer or
terminal through a standard card reader.

9. What’s in a Card?
CL RST
K Vcc
RFU
GND
RFU
Vpp
I/O

10. Terminologies
 VCC : Power supply input
 RST : Reset signal, used to reset the
card's communications.
 CLK : Provides the card with a clock
signal , from which data communications
timing is derived.
 GND : Ground(reference voltage).

11.  VPP : Programming voltage input -
originally an input for a higher voltage to
program persistent memory e.g.
EEPROM.
 I/O : Serial input and output .
 RFU : Reserved for future use.

12. Typical Configurations
 256 bytes to 4KB RAM.
 8KB to 32KB ROM.
 1KB to 32KB EEPROM.
 8-bit to 16-bit CPU. 8051 based designs
are common.

13. Smart Card Readers
 Computer based readers
Connect through USB or
COM (Serial) ports
 Dedicated terminals
Usually with a small screen,
keypad, printer, often also
have biometric devices such
as thumb print scanner.

14. Communication mechanisms
 Communication between smart card and reader
is standardized
 ISO 7816 standard
 Commands are initiated by the terminal
 Interpreted by the card OS
 Card state is updated
 Response is given by the card.

15. Why SMART CARD
 Improve the convenience and security of
any transaction.
 Provide tamper-proof storage of user
account and identity.
 Provide vital components of system
security.
 Protect against a full range of security
threats

16. Security Mechanisms
 Password
Card holder’s protection
 Cryptographic challenge Response
Entity authentication
 Biometric information
Person’s identification

17. Password Verification
 Terminal asks the user to provide a
password.
 Password is sent to Card for verification.
 Scheme can be used to permit user
authentication.

18. Cryptographic verification
 Terminal verify card
 Terminal sends a random number to card to be
hashed or encrypted using a key.
 Card provides the hash or hypertext.
 Terminal can know that the card is authentic.

19. Biometric techniques
 Finger print identification.
Features of finger prints can be kept on the
card (even verified on the card)
 Photograph pattern .
Such information is to be verified by a
person. The information can be stored in the
card securely.

20. Access & control of the files
 Applications may specify the access
controls
A password (PIN) on the MF selection
(For example SIM password in mobiles)
Multiple passwords can be used and levels
of security access may be given
 Applications may also use cryptographic
authentication

21. How does it all work?
Card is inserted in the terminal
Card gets power. OS boots up.
Sends ATR (Answer to reset)
ATR negotiations take place to
set up data transfer speeds,
capability negotiations etc.
Terminal sends first command to Card responds with an error
select MF (because MF selection is only on
password presentation)
Terminal prompts the user to
provide password
Terminal sends password for Card verifies P2. Stores a status
verification “P2 Verified”. Responds “OK”
Terminal sends command to Card responds “OK”
select MF again Card supplies personal data and
responds “OK”
Terminal sends command to read

22. Applications
 Payphones
 Mobile Communications
 Banking & Retail
 Electronic Purse
 Health Care
 ID Verification and Access Control
 Transport purpose

23. Any Query ?

24.  THANK YOU