The document discusses different types of slabs used in structures. Slabs can be one-way or two-way, with one-way slabs primarily deflecting in one direction and two-way slabs supported by columns allowing deflection in two directions. Common slab types include simply supported, cantilever, fixed, overhanging, and continuous. Slabs require formwork, reinforcement including straight bars and cranked bars near supports, and concrete casting and curing.

2. • FLAT, HORIZONTAL
ELEMENT OF A
STRUCTURE
• S U P P O RT E D B Y
B E A M S A N D
COLUMNS
• T A K E S
T R A N S V E R S E
LOADING
• TRANSFERS LOAD
TO BEAMS

3. 1. ONE-WAYSLAB
• slabsthatprimarily deflect in
one direction
• one-wayspanning
2. TWO-WAYSLAB
• slabs are supported by columns
arranged generally in rows sothat
the slabs can deflect in two
directions
• two-way spanning

4. Simply supported slab
Cantilever slab
Overhanging slab
Fixedslab
Continuous slab

5. Shuttering
Clear
Cover
Reinforcemen
t
Electrical
Wiring
Corner Bar Washing
Casting Vibrating Curing

6. STEELSHUTTERING WOODENSHUTTERING
PROPS

7. CCBLOCKS(for approx.1.5”
spacing)

8. • reinforcement
includes straight bars,
cranked bars
• extra tops/ bottoms
near the supports
CRANKEDBAR
STRAIGHTBAR

10. • t o strengthen the
structure(slab)
• at cornersupports

12. • done mechanically(surface vibratorused)
• reducesvoidspaces
• hardensconcrete

13. • levelsthe surfaceperfectlysmooth
• surfaceflat &even
• handtempersused

14. • washedwith water
• hydration ofconcrete
• to attain maxstrength
• 14~28daysapprox.

15. • random cracks– due to expansion,
poor compaction
• joint fractures – due tobending
JOINTFRACTURES

16. • FLAT, HORIZONTAL
ELEMENT OF A
STRUCTURE
• BETWEEN TWO
SUPPORTS
• TAKES TRANSVERSE
LOADING
• TRANSFERS LOAD TO
COLUMNS

18. Simply supported
Cantilever
Fixed
Overhanging
Continuous
Propped

19. SIMPLY
SUPPORTED CANTILE
VER
FIXE

20. OVERHANGI
NG CONTINUO
US
PROPP
ED

21. FORMW
ORK
REINFORC
EMENTS
CONCRETE
CASTING
COMPACTI
ON CURING

23. REINFORCEMENTS
STIRRUPS– 1) hold reinforcements together (denser
near supports)
2) resist shear and diagonal tension stresses
in a beam

24. HOOKS (135°)
MATUM
TIE

25. EXTRA
TOP
• Placed near supports
• Situated at the top of a
beam

26. EXTRA BOTTOM
• Placed in beams near supports
• Situated at the bottom of a beam

27. JOINTS

28. • F i l l i n g u p o f t h e
formwork with concrete
• Casting of lower part is
done earlier

29. • Uniformdistribution
• Lessvoid spaces
• Better strength

30. • Washing with water
• Allowing concrete to reach
highest strength
• Continues for 28 days
approx.

31. • Sides of formwork removed
after 3 days
• Bottom part removed after
approx. 28 days
• Full strength reached
• Beam completed
FORMWORK
FORMWORK
REMOVED

32. • SERIESOFSTEPS
• CONNECTS FLOORS OF A
BUILDING

33. • STEPS
• TREAD
• RISER
• NOSING
• RUN
• NEWEL
• BALUSTER
• HANDRAIL
• STRING
• LANDING

34. • Straight
• Geometrical
• Circular
• Dog-legged
• Open-newel
• Bifurcated

35. • all the stepsrise inthe
samedirection
• not suitable forshort
wider halls

36. • winding orspiral
• built around astairwell
• returns on itself asitascends
• doesnot employnewels
• hasno landingsbetweenfloors

37. • that occupiesacircularvolume
• treads in aspiral patternabout a
central post/axis

38. • flight of stairs ascends to a half-
landing before turning 180 degrees and
continuing upwards
• flights do not have to be equal

39. • Stairs constructed around an open
cylindrical space
• without a central post/ axis
• built around a well, leaving an open
space

40. • awide common flight isdivided
into twoflights
• usedin publicbuildings,
education institutionsetc.

41. • WOODEN STAIRS
• CONCRETE STAIRS
• STEEL STAIRS
• GLASS STAIRS
• STONE STAIRS

42. Thank you
Mr. VIKAS MEHTA
School of Mechanical and civil engineering
Shoolini University
Village Bajhol, Solan (H.P)
vikasmehta@shooliniuniversity.com
+91 9459268898