The document provides information about slabs, beams, and stairs in construction. It defines slabs as flat horizontal elements that take transverse loading and transfer load to beams and columns. It describes various types of slabs and beams based on how they transfer loads and their support structures. It also defines stairs and provides technical terms used in stair construction. It describes different types of stairs based on their shape and materials used.

1. SLAB
BEAM
STAIRS
AHSANULLAH UNIVERISTY
Of
Science & Technology

2. Group - 03
• AFSANA HAQUE AYAAN [13-01-03-031]
• ASHRAFI KHANAM IVY [13-01-03-0..]
• NUSRAT JAHAN NISHA [13-01-03-0..]
• NAHARUL JANNAT [13-01-03-0..]
• AHASAN HRIDOY [13-01-03-040]
• SAMA AHMED [13-01-03-013]
• TANJIM HOSSAIN DISHA [13-01-03-001]
• SHAHID MUNSHI [13-01-03-0..]
• SUNJID [13-01-03-0..]
• APU ROY [13-01-03-0..]

3. WHAT IS A SLAB ?
• FLAT, HORIZONTAL ELEMENT
OF A STRUCTURE
• SUPPORTED BY BEAMS AND
COLUMNS
• TAKES TRANSVERSE LOADING
• TRANSFERS LOAD TO BEAMS

4. TYPESOF SLABS (IN TERMS OF LOAD TRANSFER) :
1. ONE-WAY SLAB
• slabs that primarily deflect in one
direction
• one-way spanning
2. TWO-WAY SLAB
• slabs are supported by columns
arranged generally in rows so that the
slabs can deflect in two directions
• two-way spanning

5. TYPES OF SLAB (IN TERMS OF SUPPORT) :
• Simply supported slab
• Cantilever slab
• Overhanging slab
• Fixed slab
• Continuous slab

6. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS :
Shuttering Clear Cover Reinforcement
Electrical
Wiring
Corner
Bar
Washing
Casting Vibrating Curing

7. SHUTTERING :
STEEL SHUTTERING WOODEN SHUTTERING
PROPS

8. CLEARCOVER :
• we have make enough space (between
atmosphere & reinforcements) before
laying the reinforcements and casting
the slab
CC BLOCKS (for approx. 1.5”
spacing)

9. REINFORCEMENTS :
• reinforcement includes
straight bars, cranked
bars
• extra tops/ bottoms near
the supports
CRANKED BAR
STRAIGHT BAR

10. ELECTRICALWIRING :
• pipes placed through the
frame of reinforcements
to allow for electrical
wires

11. PLACING CORNERBARS:
• to strengthen the
structure (slab)
• at corner supports

12. CASTING :

13. VIBRATION :
• done mechanically (surface vibrator used)
• reduces void spaces
• hardens concrete

14. COMPACTION :
• levels the surface perfectly smooth
• surface flat & even
• hand tempers used

15. CURING :
• washed with water
• hydration of concrete
• to attain max strength
• 14 ~ 28 days approx.

16. PROBLEMS :
• random cracks – due to expansion, poor
compaction
• joint fractures – due to bending
JOINT FRACTURES

17. WHAT IS A BEAM ?
• FLAT, HORIZONTAL ELEMENT OF A
STRUCTURE
• BETWEEN TWO SUPPORTS
• TAKES TRANSVERSE LOADING
• TRANSFERS LOAD TO COLUMNS

18. TYPES OF BEAMS (IN TERMS OF SHAPE) :

19. TYPES OF BEAMS (IN TERMS OF SUPPORTS) :
Simply supported
Cantilever
Fixed
Overhanging
Continuous
Propped

20. SIMPLY SUPPORTED CANTILEVER
FIXED

21. OVERHANGING CONTINUOUS
PROPPED

22. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS :
FORMWORK
REINFORCEMENTS
CONCRETE
CASTING
COMPACTION CURING

23. FORMWORK :
• Choose suitable kind of formwork
WOODEN FORMWORKSTEEL FORMWORK

24. REINFORCEMENTS AND STIRRUPS :
REINFORCEMENTS
STIRRUPS
• Reinforcements – prevent sudden failure & increase strength
• Stirrups – 1) hold reinforcements together (denser near supports)
2) resist shear and diagonal tension stresses in a beam

25. HOOKS AND MATUM : HOOKS (135°)
MATUM
TIE

26. EXTRA TOP:
EXTRA TOP
• Placed near supports
• Situated at the top of a beam

27. EXTRABOTTOM:
EXTRA BOTTOM
• Placed in beams near supports
• Situated at the bottom of a beam

28. JOINTS (BEAM + COLUMN) :
JOINTS

29. CASTING :
• Filling up of the
formwork with concrete
• Casting of lower part is
done earlier

30. COMPACTION :
• Uniform distribution
• Less void spaces
• Better strength

31. CURING :
• Washing with water
• Allowing concrete to reach
highest strength
• Continues for 28 days
approx.

32. REMOVAL OF FORMWORK :
• Sides of formwork removed
after 3 days
• Bottom part removed after
approx. 28 days
• Full strength reached
• Beam completed
FORMWORK
FORMWORK
REMOVED

33. WHAT ARE STAIRS ?
• SERIES OF STEPS
• CONNECTS FLOORS OF A
BUILDING

34. TECHNICALTERMS:
• STEPS
• TREAD
• RISER
• NOSING
• RUN
• NEWEL
• BALUSTER
• HANDRAIL
• STRING
• LANDING

35. TYPESOF STAIRS (IN TERMS OF SHAPE) :
1. Straight
2. Geometrical
3. Circular
4. Dog-legged
5. Open-newel
6. Bifurcated

36. STRAIGHT STAIRS :
• all the steps rise in the
same direction
• not suitable for short
wider halls

37. GEOMETRICAL STAIRS :
• winding or spiral
• built around a stairwell
• returns on itself as it ascends
• does not employ newels
• has no landings between floors

38. CIRCULAR STAIRS :
• that occupies a circular volume
• treads in a spiral pattern about a
central post/ axis

39. DOG-LEGGED STAIRS :
• flight of stairs ascends to a half-
landing before turning 180 degrees and
continuing upwards
• flights do not have to be equal

40. OPEN-NEWEL STAIRS :
• Stairs constructed around an
open cylindrical space
• without a central post/ axis
• built around a well, leaving an open
space

41. BIFURCATED STAIRS :
• a wide common flight is divided
into two flights
• used in public buildings,
education institutions etc.

42. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO MATERIALS :
• WOODEN STAIRS
• CONCRETE STAIRS
• STEEL STAIRS
• GLASS STAIRS
• STONE STAIRS

43. SITESVISITED:

44. Site engineer (AUST, batch 17)