Wind Power History
Advantages & Disadvantages
Wind Turbine & Components
Power From Wind Mill
Swept area Of Wind Mill Rotor
Wind Speed Variation with Height
Density & Temperature Variation with Height
Global Wind Patterns
Wind Speed Measurements
Wind Speed Distribution
Weibull Probability Distributions
Wind Power History
Advantages & Disadvantages
Wind Turbine & Components
Power From Wind Mill
Swept area Of Wind Mill Rotor
Wind Speed Variation with Height
Density & Temperature Variation with Height
Global Wind Patterns
Wind Speed Measurements
Wind Speed Distribution
Weibull Probability Distributions
Hybrid solar wind power generation systemHemanth Duru
A simple introduction to Hybrid solar wind power generation System.In this system we use both wind and solar power generation devices.Here wind turbine is inter connected with solar panel.so that it can generate power in both ways.It gives power in night time and works efficiently.As per availability of sun rise and wind it can generate power.The power generated is given to the load.Its efficiency is high and eco-friendly.
These slides presents an overview of different wind generator systems and their comparisons. Later of the slides the modelling and control strategies of wind generators will be discussed.
This is enegy taken from the natural air!
Can you believe electricity being created because of air!
It is practiced on heights or near sea's.
Go ahead and enjoy!
It is type of hybrid energy system consist of a photovoltaic array coupled with a wind turbine.This would create more output from the wind turbine during the winter, whereas during the summer, the solar panels would produce their peak output.Solar Photovoltaic (PV) – Wind Turbine (WT) Hybrid System is the best way to utilize not just one local available RE resource but multiple renewable RE resources.
Hybrid solar wind power generation systemHemanth Duru
A simple introduction to Hybrid solar wind power generation System.In this system we use both wind and solar power generation devices.Here wind turbine is inter connected with solar panel.so that it can generate power in both ways.It gives power in night time and works efficiently.As per availability of sun rise and wind it can generate power.The power generated is given to the load.Its efficiency is high and eco-friendly.
These slides presents an overview of different wind generator systems and their comparisons. Later of the slides the modelling and control strategies of wind generators will be discussed.
This is enegy taken from the natural air!
Can you believe electricity being created because of air!
It is practiced on heights or near sea's.
Go ahead and enjoy!
It is type of hybrid energy system consist of a photovoltaic array coupled with a wind turbine.This would create more output from the wind turbine during the winter, whereas during the summer, the solar panels would produce their peak output.Solar Photovoltaic (PV) – Wind Turbine (WT) Hybrid System is the best way to utilize not just one local available RE resource but multiple renewable RE resources.
wind energy Doubly-Fed Induction Generators and their characteristics, Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators. Generator-Converter configurations, Grid connectivity methods, Different types of Control structures, Simulation studies on Grid connected Wind turbine generator (WTG) systems. Energy storage systems for wind power conversion systems. Solar-wind hybrid power system.Doubly-Fed Induction Generators and their characteristics, Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators. Generator-Converter configurations, Grid connectivity methods, Different types of Control structures, Simulation studies on Grid connected Wind turbine generator (WTG) systems. Energy storage systems for wind power conversion systems. Solar-wind hybrid power system.
Analysis of control systems of small hydro power plant on islanding operation...Himanshu Paghdal
The purpose of the work is to analyse the control system of small hydropower plants. During this operation, the islanding operation and the grid connection will be controlled by the scheme. Micro-hydro-electric power is an efficient and astonishing form of a clean source of renewable energy.
It is a super method of using renewable energy from small rivers. It can only be built on the type of river due to the requirement of a reservoir for power turbine. The water is passed directly through the turbine and it will pass continuously so that we can also be used for other purposes.
Hydropower plant can be discharged in three parts, controllers, hydro servo systems and hydro turbines. The additives of these parts, called hydro-turbine governors, which are connected to the synchronous generator to run the shaft generated by the turbine's mechanical energy, are converted into electrical energy. This arrangement is giving power to the mutual electrical 3-stage parallel RLC load. Modules are designed on Simulink.
The culture of India refers collectively to the thousands of distinct and unique cultures of all religions and communities present in India. India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differ from place to place within the country. The Indian culture, often labeled as an amalgamation of several cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced by a history that is several millennia old. Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as Indian religions, Indian philosophy, and Indian cuisine, have a profound impact on the world.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
2. Overview
⤞ Introduction
⤞ Wind Energy
⤞ Future of Wind Energy
⤞ Siting of Wind Turbine
⤞ Planning Constrains for Wind Turbine
⤞ Design of Wind Farm
⤞ Design of install Wind Farm
⤞ Steps to Install Wind Farm
⤞ Wind Farm with Environment
⤞ Siting Land
⤞ Conclusions
4. Energy world-wide
•The consumption of energy by humankind has evolved over
the ages.
•It began with the invention of fire,
man relied on wood burning to cook and to provide light for
millions of years.
•In the long search, man discovered coal.
•Energy consumption world-
wide has continued to rise, it is estimated that in 1900,
the world consumption
was around 22 EJ and by 1960 it rose to 128 EJ
• This reached above 1000 EJ in 2020.
5. Wind Energy
Much attention has been paid recently to Renewable as a potential source
of fuel. The rising oil price and the logistics in supplying fossil fuel
In remote locations, stand-alone Renewable energy systems
The environmental benefits on global warming makes such project much more
valuable and rewarding.
The growth of renewable energy sources also stimulates employment,
the creation of new technologies and new skills.
7. Wind Energy FUTURE
In 2020,
More than 1.2 million people will be in green jobs.
7 million homes will have benefited from whole house makeovers.
more than 1.5 million
households will be supported to produce their own clean energy.
Around 40 % of electricity will be from low carbon sources,
from Renewable, nuclear and clean coal.
We will be importing half the amount of gas that we otherwise would.
The average new car will emit 40 percent less carbon than now.
8. Siting of Wind turbines
The placement or "siting" of wind systems is extremely important.
In order for a wind turbine system to be effective, a relatively consistent wind-
flow is required.
Obstructions such as trees or hills can interfere
with the rotors.
Because the rotors are usually placed on towers to take advantage of stronger
winds available higher up.
Furthermore, wind speed varies with temperature, season, and time of day. All
these factors must be considered when choosing a site for a wind-
powered generator.
10. Siting of Wind turbines
The amount of Wind Energy available at any location depends on this factors,
A)Climatic factors including:
Time of day, Season, Geographic location, Topography, and Local
weather.
B)Mechanical factors including:
Diameter of rotor, and Type of Turbine
Utility Factors,
Scale wind farms must have access to transmission lines to transport energy.
The wind farm developer may
to install extra equipment or control systems in the wind farm to meet
technical standards set by the operator of a transmission line.
12. Planning Constraints for Wind Turbines
There is a number of planning related issues that may make it difficult for you to
install turbine on your site and it would be
to ensure that you are not going to fall foul of any of these before proceeding.
Military installations
Avoid these installations, especially if it is an air force base or communication
centers.
Proximity to built-up area
When housing estates are concerned, ideally consider a distance of at least 200m -
300m depending on the size of the turbine.
Designated areas or listed buildings
National Parks or Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty are more difficult to satisfy
the local planning officer to install a wind turbine on it or near it.
13. Wind farm Siting and Design
Reference is made to generalised categories of wind farm size as listed below. This
grouping is for the sake of simplification, and it should be noted that landscape
and visual impacts are not directly proportional to wind turbine numbers.
16. Wind turbine types and efficiency
• There are two essentially different types of
wind turbines
• Impulse type wind turbines are vertical axis
wind turbines with blades covering the whole
swept area and shaped to offer a high
resistance to the wind coming in, in the
direction of the rotation and as little as
possible resistance to wind blowing to the
other side of the blade.
•Aerodynamic wind turbines have wing shaped
blades covering a small percentage of the
swept area; the wind flow along these blades
generate a lift force as with airplanes
perpendicular to the flow.
18. Steps to Planning and Building a Wind Farm
Consultation with the local authority
It is extremely important to contact the local authority in the area where turbine is considere
d
before committing any time or costs.
Consultation with the Public near the site
The local community who are likely to be affected by the proposal must be met to present
the project, solicit their feedback and seek their support.
Land acquisition
Early in the process, developers, if not already the owners themselves usually approach
landowners to negotiate “option” agreements to use their land.
Wind Assessment
Another very important step is assessing the wind resource. Scientists and engineers use
meteorological masts to measure wind speed and other climatic conditions for at least one
year.
19. Steps to Planning and Building a Wind Farm
Wind Farm Design
This is important if the project is a wind farm, Wind data is combined with topographical information to design the wind farm.
Engineers use this data to model wind flow
Turbine performance, sound levels and other parameters to optimize the location of the wind turbines.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental assessments are conducted to identify any impacts on landscape, plants and wildlife, soil an Construction
The wind turbine parts are manufactured and pre-assembled into the main components at the
factory then shipped to the wind farm site where the final assembly will take place. On the ground, the electrical collection
network is installed and connected to the grid through the substation.
Commissioning
Finally, the wind turbine is tested, all components are calibrated on site and verified against the
suppliers specifications, before becoming fully operational.
water, land use or other activities such as aviation and telecommunications. If negative impacts are identified,
the design is adjusted to avoid or mitigate them.
Economic and Financial evaluation
To prove the economic viability of the project in order to raise the funds to build the wind farm.
On one hand, there is a need to estimate the cost of turbines and their installation,
as well as roads, electrical system, operation and maintenance, etc. On the other hand, there is a need to estimate
the income from the energy production of the wind farm over the lifetime of the project. If there is
a net profit, the project has a chance to succeed.
Site Preparation
Build access roads and clear the areas where turbines will be erected; then prepare the foundations;
do the excavating, followed by installing the formworks and pouring concrete.
21. Wind Energy and the Environment
Positive environmental benefits of Wind energy
•It must be stressed that wind energy involves no combustion or nuclear reaction,
so it is pollution free.
•It is renewable and plentiful and free and what is more it is available everywhere
especially in remote areas and often it is in mountains and near costal areas.
•There are significant environmental benefits
obtained from using a renewable energy device attributed to preventing release
of Green house gases associated with fossil fuels.
•The general equation for estimating the reduction in emitted gas is,
Gas-emission reduction (in tonnes)= A x 0.8 x h x kG
Where,
A is the rated capacity of the development in kW
h is the number of operational hours per year, = 8000 h
kG is the specific emitted gas constant.
22. Wind Energy and the Environment
Negative Impacts of Wind energy
Noise
• Wind turbines rely on the movement of the rotor
affected by wind to rotate the generator and make
electricity.
•Virtually everything with moving parts will make s
ome sound, and wind turbines are no
exception.
•Turbines are an established and well developed
technology, and well designed wind turbines
are generally quiet in operation, and compared to
the noise of road traffic, trains, aircraft and
construction
activities, the noise from wind turbines is relatively
low.
Source/Activity Indicative noise level dB (A)
Threshold of hearing 0
Rural night-time background 20-40
Quiet bedroom 35
Wind farm at 350m 35-45
Car at 40mph at 100m 55
Busy general office 60
Truck at 30mph at 100m 65
Pneumatic drill at 7m 95
Jet aircraft at 250m 105
Threshold of pain 140
23. Wind Energy and the Environment
Bird-kill
• This is a very emotionally charged subject. Bird conservationists tend to view wind turbines as death
machines and refer to bloody bird corpses lying at the foot of turbine towers and entire species
migrating from the areas surrounding wind farms.
• Birds occasionally collide with wind turbines, as they do with other tall structures such as buildings.
Also, wind's overall impact on birds is low compared with other human
related sources of avian mortality.
24. Wind Energy and the Environment
Shadow Flicker
• Is occasionally raised as an issue by some people. A wind turbine's moving
blades can cast a moving
shadow on a nearby residence, depending on the time of the year .
• It is possible to calculate very precisely whether a flickering shadow will in fact
fall on a given location near a wind farm, and how many hours in a year. Therefore
, it should be easy to determine whether this is a potential problem.
Communication interference
• Wind turbines, like all structures, can interfere with communication when
signals interrupted by the turbine structure or the rotor plane. Wind turbines can
sometimes cause electromagnetic interference affecting TV and radio reception.
• Electromagnetic interference can because by near-field
effects, diffraction, or reflection and scattering. Such interference can typically be
mitigated by using satellite TV or wireless cable TV.
26. Wind Energy and the Environment
Coast
• Scotland has a great diversity of coastal landscapes, ranging from low-lying
beaches with dunes, to craggy intricate cliffs and headlands.
• An assessment has been undertaken for SNH that characterises the coastline of
Scotland into 33 seascape units.
• Wind farms should relate to the sense of openness and exposure within coastal
areas. However, as views are typically drawn to the coast, these areas will be
sensitive to the location and design of a wind farm.
• This occurs both in relation to the inland and offshore land/seascape character
and views, and includes views from boats and ferries.
• Simple, open, flat coastal areas can probably better accommodate wind farms
than complex coastal landscapes, such as those with inlets and islands.
28. Public Perceptions of Wild Places and Landscapes in Scotland. SNH Commissioned
Report No. 291
Renewable Energy Awareness and Attitudes Research Management Summary
URN08/657, BERR
ieeexplore.ieee.org
www.wind-power-program.com/Library/Turby-EN-Application-V3.0
Reference