* Introduction to Wind Energy
* History of Wind Energy
* Generation of Wind Energy
* Details of Wind Turbines
* Wind Measurement
* Advantages and Disadvantages
* Wind Power Plants in Pakistan.
* Introduction to Wind Energy
* History of Wind Energy
* Generation of Wind Energy
* Details of Wind Turbines
* Wind Measurement
* Advantages and Disadvantages
* Wind Power Plants in Pakistan.
Wind turbines,the most essential tool that produces energy with out causing any harm to the nature
It is best technique to convert the wind energy to electrical energy
An alternate and eco-friendly energy source with a detailed explanation of types of turbines, their components along with the type of generator used, different wind farms, and production in India along with advantages and disadvantages.
wind energy Doubly-Fed Induction Generators and their characteristics, Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators. Generator-Converter configurations, Grid connectivity methods, Different types of Control structures, Simulation studies on Grid connected Wind turbine generator (WTG) systems. Energy storage systems for wind power conversion systems. Solar-wind hybrid power system.Doubly-Fed Induction Generators and their characteristics, Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators. Generator-Converter configurations, Grid connectivity methods, Different types of Control structures, Simulation studies on Grid connected Wind turbine generator (WTG) systems. Energy storage systems for wind power conversion systems. Solar-wind hybrid power system.
Wind turbines,the most essential tool that produces energy with out causing any harm to the nature
It is best technique to convert the wind energy to electrical energy
An alternate and eco-friendly energy source with a detailed explanation of types of turbines, their components along with the type of generator used, different wind farms, and production in India along with advantages and disadvantages.
wind energy Doubly-Fed Induction Generators and their characteristics, Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators. Generator-Converter configurations, Grid connectivity methods, Different types of Control structures, Simulation studies on Grid connected Wind turbine generator (WTG) systems. Energy storage systems for wind power conversion systems. Solar-wind hybrid power system.Doubly-Fed Induction Generators and their characteristics, Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators. Generator-Converter configurations, Grid connectivity methods, Different types of Control structures, Simulation studies on Grid connected Wind turbine generator (WTG) systems. Energy storage systems for wind power conversion systems. Solar-wind hybrid power system.
WIND ENERGY REPORT AE 215- 2018 SOURCES OF FARM POWERmusadoto
Wind is the flow of gases on large scale. On the surface of the earth, wind consists of the bulk movement of air. In outer space, solar wind is the movement of gases and charged particles from the sun though space, while planetary wind is the outgassing of light chemical from a planet’s atmosphere into space. Wind by their spatial scale, their speed, the type of force that cause them, the region in which they occur and their effect. The strongest observed winds on planet in solar system occur on Neptune and Saturn. Winds have various aspects, an important one being its velocity, density of the gas involved and energy content of the wind.
Wind is almost entirely caused by the effects of the sun which, each hour, delivers 175 million watts of energy to the earth. This energy heats the planet’s surface, most intensively at the equator, which causes air to rise. This rising air creates an area of low pressure at the surface into which cooler air is sucked, and it is this flow of air that we know as “wind”. In reality atmospheric circulation is much more complicated and, after rising at the equator air travels pole wards. As it travels the air cools and eventually descends to the earth’s surface at about 30° latitude (north and south), from where it returns once again to the equator (a closed loop known as a Hadley Cell). Similar cells exist between 30° and 60° latitude (the Ferrell Cells) and between 60° latitude and each of the poles (the Polar Cells). Within these cells, the flow of air is further impacted by the rotation of the earth or the "Coriolis Effect". This effect creates a sideways force which causes air to circulate anticlockwise around areas of low pressure in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere
In summary, the origin of winds may be traced basically to uneven heating of the earth’s surface due to sun. This may lead to circulation of widespread winds on a global basis, producing planetary winds or may have a limited influence in a smaller area to cause local winds.
This presentation covers the introduction of wind energy and the process to convert wind power to electrical energy. Besides this, the presentation also includes different components and working of a wind turbine and general as well as specific advantages, disadvantages of offshore and onshore wind turbines. (It's not my made, I've downloaded it from somewhere)
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
2. MOOCs
Certification on
Wind Energy
◦ During this course, they gave me a tour of
different wind energy disciplines guided by
topical experts from DTU’s Department of Wind
Energy. Along the way, they also showed me the
opportunity to work hands-on in real field with
some fundamental wind engineering problems.
◦ In this course I learnt about why is wind energy
important? How is a wind energy project
planned? And what are the environmental
concerns? In this wind resources module, I also
learnt how the wind varies in time and space, and
how to apply basic engineering models for wind
speed and determine the annual wind energy
production for a wind turbine.
3. Introduction
to the wind
energy
◦ Wind Energy/power is the power
obtained by harnessing the energy of
the wind.
◦ Wind power is
a sustainable, renewable
energy source that has a much
smaller impact on the
environment compared to
burning fossil fuels.
◦ To generate wind energy we need a
machine called windmill.
4. Need of wind
energy in the
energy
system
◦ Climate change
◦ Environmental concern
◦ Security of energy supply
◦ Cost competitiveness
◦ Employment
◦ Fast installation
5. History of
wind usage
◦ One of the earliest energy resources.
◦ The first windmill was manufactured in
the United States, designed by Daniel
Halladay(7th century).
◦ Windmills were introduced to Europe by
the crusaders around 1300 A.D.
◦ Development of wind in India began form
the year 1952
◦ Earlier it was only used for pumping water
and harvesting
◦ Ancient Chinese used vertical axis
windmills to grind grain and pump water.
7. How does
wind gets
converted
into energy
??
◦ Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the
wind into mechanical power. This mechanical
power can be used for specific tasks (such as
grinding grain or pumping water) or a
generator can convert this mechanical power
into electricity.
◦ A wind turbine works the opposite of a fan.
Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a
fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity.
The wind turns the blade, which spin a shaft,
which connects to a generator and makes
electricity
◦ The energy in the wind turns two or three
propeller- like blades around a rotor. The rotor
is connected to main shaft, which spins a
generator to create electricity. Wind turbines
are mounted on a tower to capture the most
energy
8. Typical power
curve for a wind
turbine.
◦ Cut-in speed Is the min
speed require to run
the rotor blades.
Generally 3m/s
◦ Cut-out speed is the
max speed which the
turbine can handle,
after this the turbine
automatically cut them
off as a precaution.
Generally 25m/s
11. Environmental
Impact Assessment
(EIA) Process
◦ Preparing an environmental document is a
required process for most of wind siting
decision
◦ Purpose is to evaluating potential benefits
and risks and invoke stakeholders and
publics
◦ Social, economical and environmental
effects
◦ Covers all phases of the project (planning,
construction, operation, decommissioning)
12. Some basic factors affecting
windmill’s location
Air density(high
high)
Rotor blade radius
(high high)
Visual and noise
influence
Nearest building
and roads
High productivity land
14. Height factor of windmill
Wind velocities increase at
higher altitudes due to
surface aerodynamic drag
(by land or water surfaces)
and the viscosity of the air.
Doubling the altitude of a
turbine, then, increases the
expected wind speeds by
10% and the expected
power by 34%.
Doubling the tower height
generally requires
doubling the diameter of
the tower as well (
increasing the amount of
material by a factor of at
least four )
5,000 MW to 7,700 MW
per year by going from 80
to 125-meter tower height.
15. Siting of wind
turbine on land
◦ Distance to house and roads
◦ Wind variation chart
◦ Environmental impact on flora and fauna
◦ Grid connection
◦ Local acceptability
16. Siting of wind
turbine offshore
◦ Distance of land and harbour
◦ Water depth and sea bed properties
◦ Navigation routes
◦ Grid connection through subsea cable
◦ Wind flow chart
◦ Environmental impact on marine mammals
18. Horizontal
and Vertical
Windmill
o Horizontal windmills –
Mostly used for domestic
and at low scale type of
windmills in which the rotor is
placed horizontally. It was
discovered that this type of
windmill was oldest one.
o Vertical windmills – Most
popular type of windmill in
current era, it’s widely used
when windmills stopped
being used only for grinding
grains or moving water and
were used for much wider
array of industrial jobs (even
cutting wood).
19. Basic types
of Windmill
◦ Horizontal Axis
◦ Vertical Axis
S
No.
Horizontal Axis Wind
Turbine
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
1. In HAWTs, the axis of
rotation of the rotor is
Horizontal to the ground.
In VAWTs the axis of rotation
of the rotor is perpendicular to
the ground.
2. Yaw mechanism is present. Absence of Yaw mechanism.
3. It has high initial installation
cost.
It has low initial installation
cost.
4. They are big in size. They are small in size.
5. Its efficiency is high. It has low efficiency.
6. It requires large ground area
for installation.
It requires less ground area for
installation.
7. High maintenance cost. Low maintenance cost as
compared with HAWT.
8. They are self-starting. They are not self-starting.
9. They are unable to work in
low wind speed condition.
They are capable of working in
low wind speed condition.
10. Difficult in transportation. Easy in transportation.
11. They are mostly used
commercially.
They are mostly used for
private purpose only.
12. It cannot be installed near
human population.
It can be installed near human
population.
13. It is not good for the bird’s
population.
It is good for the bird’s
population.
21. Advantages of Wind Energy
GREEN ENERGY LOW MAINTENANCE
COST
EMPLOYMENT IN
LARGE SCALE
COMMERCIAL +
DOMESTIC USES
LONG TERM
INVESTMENT
COST OF PER UNIT
ELECTRICITY IS LOW
22. Disadvantages of Wind Energy
REMOTE LOCATIONS NOT THE MOST
EFFECTIVE AND
PROFITABLE USE OF
LAND
IMPACT ON LOCAL
WILDLIFE
FLUCTUATING WIND
SPEED
VISUAL AND NOISE
POLLUTION
23. SOME OF THE LARGEST WIND
ENERGY CONSUMING COUNTRY IN
THE WORLD
24. 1 .
China
( installed capacity
236GW )
China is the world leader
in wind energy, with over
a third of the world’s
capacity.
Jiuquan Wind Power Base,
China is the world’s biggest
wind farm, with a planned
installed capacity of 20GW.
25. 2.
US
( installed capacity
105GW )
Alta Wind Energy Centre,
California the Alta Wind
Energy Centre is the
biggest wind farm in the
US. With a combined
installed capacity of
about 1.55GW.
26. 3.
Germany
( Installed capacity 59.3
GW)
More than 26,772 wind
turbines were located in
the German federal area
Germany also has a
number of turbine
manufacturers,
like Enercon, Nordex and
Senvion.
27. Top 5 countries by cumulative
wind capacity
36%
16%10%
6%
4%
28%
2019
China United State Germany India Spain Others
29. Natural resource usage in India
24%
18%
16%
10%
32%
2019
Soalar Wind Biomass Geothermal Hydroelectric
30. Conclusion
Good source for
low-cost electricity
Under Developing
phase
Developing
industry
Bright industry
future
Bright job career Need to overcome
the disadvantages
31. Certificate
Certificate of completion
of my course on Wind
Energy. Duration of 5
weeks from 2nd sept to
29th oct.
Certificate is authorized
by technical University of
Denmark(DTU) and
offered through
Coursera platform