SIMULATE AND CIRCUIT ON GENERAL PURPOSE PCB OF HALF ADDER.pptxAshish Sadavarti
This document summarizes a student project on simulating and building a half adder circuit on a general purpose PCB board. The project aims to understand how a half adder circuit works, demonstrate skills in designing practical circuits, and increase technical knowledge. A half adder adds two binary digits and outputs the sum and carry. The student team simulated and built the half adder circuit using components like an XOR gate, AND gate, LED, wires and a PCB board. The circuit demonstrates applications of half adders in computer arithmetic logic units and building full adders. Completing the project helped develop skills like problem solving, critical thinking and teamwork.
BUILD DC TIME DELAY RELAY USING PUT ON ZERO (0) PCB .pptxAshish Sadavarti
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on building a DC time delay relay using a PUT on a PCB. The presentation covers the aim to understand relay components and operation, introduces the circuit diagram of a zener-controlled switch used for time delay, and describes the working procedure where a capacitor charges through resistors and a zener diode to delay transistor switching of a relay. The resources, skills developed, and references are also listed. The conclusion is that a time delay relay can be used to cut power supply after a delay or control devices through triggered contacts.
Noor’s Algorithmic Flow of Electronics and Communication EngineeringIRJET Journal
This document outlines an algorithmic flowchart for electronics and communication engineering. It begins with an introduction to analog electronics, digital electronics, and communication. The fundamental blocks are then described as analog electronics, digital electronics, and analog and digital communication. A flow chart is presented showing the interrelationships between these areas. The document then discusses how analog and digital electronics and communication relate and provide examples of applications in both fields. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding both analog and digital aspects and their combined use in engineering applications.
This document summarizes a student project on building a circuit for an even parity generator. The project aims to understand parity bits and how they can detect errors. The circuit uses an XOR gate and LEDs to generate an even parity bit for a 2-bit message based on whether there is an odd or even number of 1's. The resources used include an XOR gate, LEDs, batteries and wire. The skills developed include problem solving, critical thinking and communication skills.
DEVELOP A SOUND SENSOR USING LM 324 AND MICROPHONE.pptxAshish Sadavarti
The document describes a microproject seminar on developing a sound sensor using an LM324 integrated circuit and microphone. It was guided by Miss Rita Pawade and involved team members Pritosh Khanwe, Rahul Warade, Shital Ganeshkar, Rohan Meshram, and Ruchika Bangale from the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering department of NIT Polytechnic Nagpur. The objectives were to understand how a sound detector works and develop technical skills. The circuit diagram and working of the sound sensor are provided, along with applications such as security systems and skills developed like problem solving.
The document describes a microproject on developing a shadow sensor alarm circuit using the IC 741. The objectives are to develop an error-free circuit to identify components and develop skills in circuit design and programming. It discusses the introduction, working, and applications of the shadow sensor alarm circuit. The circuit uses two LDRs, IC 741, resistors, transistors, diodes, batteries and a buzzer. It can be used for security purposes to detect shadows and intruders at shops, warehouses and homes. The microproject helps develop skills in complex problem solving, critical thinking, communication and IT.
SIMULATE AND CIRCUIT ON GENERAL PURPOSE PCB OF HALF ADDER.pptxAshish Sadavarti
This document summarizes a student project on simulating and building a half adder circuit on a general purpose PCB board. The project aims to understand how a half adder circuit works, demonstrate skills in designing practical circuits, and increase technical knowledge. A half adder adds two binary digits and outputs the sum and carry. The student team simulated and built the half adder circuit using components like an XOR gate, AND gate, LED, wires and a PCB board. The circuit demonstrates applications of half adders in computer arithmetic logic units and building full adders. Completing the project helped develop skills like problem solving, critical thinking and teamwork.
BUILD DC TIME DELAY RELAY USING PUT ON ZERO (0) PCB .pptxAshish Sadavarti
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on building a DC time delay relay using a PUT on a PCB. The presentation covers the aim to understand relay components and operation, introduces the circuit diagram of a zener-controlled switch used for time delay, and describes the working procedure where a capacitor charges through resistors and a zener diode to delay transistor switching of a relay. The resources, skills developed, and references are also listed. The conclusion is that a time delay relay can be used to cut power supply after a delay or control devices through triggered contacts.
Noor’s Algorithmic Flow of Electronics and Communication EngineeringIRJET Journal
This document outlines an algorithmic flowchart for electronics and communication engineering. It begins with an introduction to analog electronics, digital electronics, and communication. The fundamental blocks are then described as analog electronics, digital electronics, and analog and digital communication. A flow chart is presented showing the interrelationships between these areas. The document then discusses how analog and digital electronics and communication relate and provide examples of applications in both fields. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding both analog and digital aspects and their combined use in engineering applications.
This document summarizes a student project on building a circuit for an even parity generator. The project aims to understand parity bits and how they can detect errors. The circuit uses an XOR gate and LEDs to generate an even parity bit for a 2-bit message based on whether there is an odd or even number of 1's. The resources used include an XOR gate, LEDs, batteries and wire. The skills developed include problem solving, critical thinking and communication skills.
DEVELOP A SOUND SENSOR USING LM 324 AND MICROPHONE.pptxAshish Sadavarti
The document describes a microproject seminar on developing a sound sensor using an LM324 integrated circuit and microphone. It was guided by Miss Rita Pawade and involved team members Pritosh Khanwe, Rahul Warade, Shital Ganeshkar, Rohan Meshram, and Ruchika Bangale from the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering department of NIT Polytechnic Nagpur. The objectives were to understand how a sound detector works and develop technical skills. The circuit diagram and working of the sound sensor are provided, along with applications such as security systems and skills developed like problem solving.
The document describes a microproject on developing a shadow sensor alarm circuit using the IC 741. The objectives are to develop an error-free circuit to identify components and develop skills in circuit design and programming. It discusses the introduction, working, and applications of the shadow sensor alarm circuit. The circuit uses two LDRs, IC 741, resistors, transistors, diodes, batteries and a buzzer. It can be used for security purposes to detect shadows and intruders at shops, warehouses and homes. The microproject helps develop skills in complex problem solving, critical thinking, communication and IT.
WIRELESS HOME AUTOMATION USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER BASED ON RF-MODULEEng.Manfred Kibona
This paper presents a project-based final year project course on completion of Bachelor degree in Telecommunication engineering. The goal of this project was to provide engineering students a hands-on experience involving actual engineering design on communication circuits, printed circuit board (PCB) design, layout, fabrication, assembly, and testing.
The scope of the project was been projected in develop a RF remote control system that will be capable for controlling various electrical appliances in the vicinity of 100 meters. The control signals has to traverse wirelessly by means of modulation with radio frequency carrier signal ranging from frequency band of 385MHz to 480MHz.
build a circuit for battery charger for charging a battery of 6V, 4AHAshish Sadavarti
The document describes a circuit for a battery charger to charge a 6V, 4AH battery. The circuit uses a step-down transformer, bridge rectifier, and zener diode to charge the battery safely. The aim is to understand switching circuits and identify components. Skills developed include problem solving, critical thinking, and identifying electronic components. The battery charger circuit can be used to charge batteries for devices like media players, power tools, and more.
BUILD CIRCUIT TO GENERATE FSK FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING.pptxAshish Sadavarti
This document summarizes a student project to build a circuit to generate frequency-shift keying (FSK). The project aims to understand how FSK works and develop technical skills. FSK uses two discrete frequencies to transmit binary data, where one frequency represents 1 and the other represents 0. The circuit diagram and working are described, using components like a transistor, timer IC, and resistors/capacitors. Applications of FSK include cordless technology, radio communication, and telemetry. Building the circuit helps develop skills in areas like problem solving, critical thinking, and communications.
This document presents a seminar on designing a stepper motor controller using a microcontroller. The project aims to control a stepper motor clockwise and counterclockwise using infrared technology. It discusses interfacing a stepper motor with an 8051 microcontroller to accurately control the motor's rotation, direction, speed, and number of revolutions. Applications of stepper motors mentioned include 3D printing, textile machinery, printing presses, gaming machines, and medical imaging equipment.
D-Flip Flop Layout: Efficient in Terms of Area and Power IJEEE
Flip flop forms the very basic element for the sequential circuits which are synchronous. This paper talks about D-Flip flop, which has been made area and power efficient with the aid of software tools DSCH 3.1 and Microwind 3.1. D-flip flop is implemented through Nand gates. Layout of DFF designed through auto generated and semi custom is compared, analyses and finally the results are computed showing 57% improvement in area and approximately 2 % reduction in power. CMOS 90nm technology has been used and efforts are made to reduce area and power.
This document contains model answers to questions related to digital electronics and logic design. It includes questions on binary to gray code conversion, look-ahead carry generators, decade counters, full adders using multiplexers, Johnson counters, flip-flops, asynchronous state machines, programmable logic arrays, CMOS inverters, TTL logic gates, microcontroller features and addressing modes, and 8051 microcontroller pins and instructions. The document is authored by Prof. Gharu A. N. and provides detailed answers to exam questions on digital and logic circuit design topics.
Software Based calculations of Electrical Machine Designvivatechijri
This paper gives an idea about a futuristic method for producing electricity with the This project presents the Designing of Transformer and Induction Motor. Mathematical equations are used for the designing of Transformer and Induction Motor. They help in determining the dimension and electrical parameters which will satisfy specifications such as rating of machine, speed of the machine, etc. used for design. But the design calculation can be a hectic process when done manually. Since the calculation is long and interdependent with each steps the occurrence of error is more likely. Python programming language is adopted for fast computation, to simplify the process and to minimize this error. The program is designed in such a way that allows the user to enter the main specification of the machine. The program performs the calculation required thus allowing the user to obtain the results. In addition, the software would be useful for the education and research purpose.
Optimized Layout Design of Priority Encoder using 65nm TechnologyIJEEE
This document compares the power efficiency and area of a 4-bit priority encoder designed using a fully automatic layout versus a semi-custom layout on 65nm technology. Simulation results show that the semi-custom design has improved power efficiency by 29.61μW and reduced area by 253.8μm2 compared to the fully automatic design. The semi-custom design manually draws the layout of the CMOS circuit, while the fully automatic design generates the layout from a Verilog file.
This document describes a project to develop a detection and warning system for fireworks warehouses using wireless sensor networks. The system will detect fires using sensors and send alerts via GSM. It will be implemented using a microcontroller, fire sensor, GSM module, LCD display, relay switch and other hardware. The microcontroller will monitor the sensor for fire detection and control the relay switch to activate a water sprinkler. It will also send alerts to registered mobile numbers via the GSM module. The project aims to provide fire safety and security in industrial warehouses.
This document describes a microcontroller-based semiconductor device tester that can test diodes, bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), and junction field effect transistors (JFETs). The tester identifies the device type and determines the leads. It then measures key parameters like forward voltage and current for diodes, current gain for BJTs, and cutoff voltage, saturation current, and drain-source resistance for JFETs. The tester uses a PIC microcontroller, analog multiplexer, digital-to-analog converter, and LCD for a low-cost, low-power, and user-friendly design. Test results are clearly displayed on the LCD for analysis.
This document describes a student's electronics engineering project to build ANALOG DELTABOT, a robot controlled by an analog joystick. The robot will use a PIC18f45k20 microcontroller to read input from the joystick via analog to digital conversion and control three servo motors to move the robot's arms. The objectives are to design, simulate, prototype, 3D print, and program the robot. Results and conclusions will be reported at the end of the academic year after building, programming and testing the robot.
The document summarizes Isaac Bettendorf's engineering portfolio, including his educational background and relevant coursework. It also describes multiple engineering projects he worked on, including an automated impedance measurement device, microcontroller projects using an MSP430 microcontroller, and FPGA and ASIC design projects using VHDL. For each project, it provides details on Isaac's responsibilities, the technical concepts involved, and circuit designs where relevant. The portfolio demonstrates Isaac's breadth of experience across electrical engineering disciplines including signals and systems, microelectronics, embedded systems, and digital design.
Qualitative Analysis of Optical Interleave Division Multiple Access using Spe...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of seed length on the performance of an optical interleave division multiple access (IDMA) system using prime inter-leavers. It compares the bit error rate (BER) performance of prime inter-leavers with different seed lengths ranging from 2 to 13 for a fixed number of users and data length. The simulation results show that increasing the seed length from 2 to the maximum single digit prime number 7 decreases the BER significantly, with the optimal BER achieved for a seed length of 7. However, BER increases again for seed lengths in double digits. Similarly for a longer data length, the optimal BER is obtained for a seed length of 7. In conclusion, using prime inter
- The document provides an experience summary and qualifications for Chandan Kumar, including over 11 months of hardware design experience at Neotech Systems and over 2 years of experience at Larsen & Toubro designing embedded systems and industrial products.
- It lists his technical skills including analog and digital circuit design, communication protocols, sensor interfacing, software tools, and qualifications including a B-Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering.
- Key projects included designing an environmental monitoring system, low voltage cut-off device, AC to DC converter, and contributing to feeder protection and capacitor module designs.
This project aims to design a mobile-based voting machine that allows users to cast their vote by dialing a specific number from a landline or mobile phone and entering their password and vote choice, which will be detected by a DTMF decoder and stored in non-volatile EEPROM memory, with the total votes displayed using a resettable tally counter.
Vinit Munishwar is an embedded hardware engineer with over 6 months of experience in PCB and schematic design. He currently works in the R&D department of Spry Logic Technologies, where his responsibilities include editing schematics per customer requirements, designing PCBs using EDA tools, verifying components, generating Gerber files, and creating component layouts. He has skills in Mentor Graphics EDA tools, CorelDraw, Multisim, and Microsoft Excel. Vinit has experience with microcontrollers and interfacing components like LEDs, LCDs, motors, memory, and sensors. He is interested in schematic design, PCB design, circuit simulation, hardware debugging, and drawing component layout
This document is a resume for Ramesh Kumar Bankapalli summarizing his objective, qualifications, skills and projects. He has a PG Diploma in ASIC Design from RV-VLSI Design Center and an M.Tech in VLSI. He has experience with synthesis tools like PrimeTime and design tools like IC Compiler. His projects include block level physical design of a torpedo subsystem and static timing analysis using 180nm technology.
IRJET- Arithmetic Logic Unit Design with Comparison Power Consumption on Diff...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study comparing the power consumption of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) designed and simulated using different process technologies (foundries). Specifically, a 1-bit ALU was designed using DSCH schematic tools and Microwind layout tools. The ALU was then simulated at the 50nm, 70nm, 90nm and 120nm process nodes. Simulation results showed that power dissipation was lowest (8.716uW) for the 50nm process and highest (97.466uW) for the 120nm process. Therefore, scaling to smaller process technologies can significantly reduce power consumption for digital circuits like the ALU.
Designing of 8 BIT Arithmetic and Logical Unit and implementing on Xilinx Ver...Rahul Borthakur
The main objective of this project was to design and verify different operations of Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU). To implement ALU, the coding was written in VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) and verified in ModelSim. The device was configured and using FPGA (Field-programmable gate array) verification, debugging was done.
This document discusses the Indian education system. It begins with an introduction about the purpose of education and different types of schools in India like public, government, private, and international schools. It then discusses ways to improve the Indian education system such as investing more in infrastructure, changing teaching methods, and prioritizing basics. The document also outlines advantages of the Indian system like providing a basic knowledge of all subjects and regular exams. It notes perceptions around higher education becoming costly and a lack of funds hindering development. In conclusion, it thanks the reader.
This document provides an overview of Christianity. It discusses that Christianity is a major world religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The central tenet is the belief in Jesus as the Son of God and savior of humanity. Christians believe that through faith in Jesus's death and resurrection, sinful humans can be reconciled with God and attain salvation and eternal life. At its core, Christianity focuses on the figure of Jesus Christ and is both a system of religious beliefs that has also generated a culture and tradition passed down through generations.
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This paper presents a project-based final year project course on completion of Bachelor degree in Telecommunication engineering. The goal of this project was to provide engineering students a hands-on experience involving actual engineering design on communication circuits, printed circuit board (PCB) design, layout, fabrication, assembly, and testing.
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The document describes a circuit for a battery charger to charge a 6V, 4AH battery. The circuit uses a step-down transformer, bridge rectifier, and zener diode to charge the battery safely. The aim is to understand switching circuits and identify components. Skills developed include problem solving, critical thinking, and identifying electronic components. The battery charger circuit can be used to charge batteries for devices like media players, power tools, and more.
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This document presents a seminar on designing a stepper motor controller using a microcontroller. The project aims to control a stepper motor clockwise and counterclockwise using infrared technology. It discusses interfacing a stepper motor with an 8051 microcontroller to accurately control the motor's rotation, direction, speed, and number of revolutions. Applications of stepper motors mentioned include 3D printing, textile machinery, printing presses, gaming machines, and medical imaging equipment.
D-Flip Flop Layout: Efficient in Terms of Area and Power IJEEE
Flip flop forms the very basic element for the sequential circuits which are synchronous. This paper talks about D-Flip flop, which has been made area and power efficient with the aid of software tools DSCH 3.1 and Microwind 3.1. D-flip flop is implemented through Nand gates. Layout of DFF designed through auto generated and semi custom is compared, analyses and finally the results are computed showing 57% improvement in area and approximately 2 % reduction in power. CMOS 90nm technology has been used and efforts are made to reduce area and power.
This document contains model answers to questions related to digital electronics and logic design. It includes questions on binary to gray code conversion, look-ahead carry generators, decade counters, full adders using multiplexers, Johnson counters, flip-flops, asynchronous state machines, programmable logic arrays, CMOS inverters, TTL logic gates, microcontroller features and addressing modes, and 8051 microcontroller pins and instructions. The document is authored by Prof. Gharu A. N. and provides detailed answers to exam questions on digital and logic circuit design topics.
Software Based calculations of Electrical Machine Designvivatechijri
This paper gives an idea about a futuristic method for producing electricity with the This project presents the Designing of Transformer and Induction Motor. Mathematical equations are used for the designing of Transformer and Induction Motor. They help in determining the dimension and electrical parameters which will satisfy specifications such as rating of machine, speed of the machine, etc. used for design. But the design calculation can be a hectic process when done manually. Since the calculation is long and interdependent with each steps the occurrence of error is more likely. Python programming language is adopted for fast computation, to simplify the process and to minimize this error. The program is designed in such a way that allows the user to enter the main specification of the machine. The program performs the calculation required thus allowing the user to obtain the results. In addition, the software would be useful for the education and research purpose.
Optimized Layout Design of Priority Encoder using 65nm TechnologyIJEEE
This document compares the power efficiency and area of a 4-bit priority encoder designed using a fully automatic layout versus a semi-custom layout on 65nm technology. Simulation results show that the semi-custom design has improved power efficiency by 29.61μW and reduced area by 253.8μm2 compared to the fully automatic design. The semi-custom design manually draws the layout of the CMOS circuit, while the fully automatic design generates the layout from a Verilog file.
This document describes a project to develop a detection and warning system for fireworks warehouses using wireless sensor networks. The system will detect fires using sensors and send alerts via GSM. It will be implemented using a microcontroller, fire sensor, GSM module, LCD display, relay switch and other hardware. The microcontroller will monitor the sensor for fire detection and control the relay switch to activate a water sprinkler. It will also send alerts to registered mobile numbers via the GSM module. The project aims to provide fire safety and security in industrial warehouses.
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Qualitative Analysis of Optical Interleave Division Multiple Access using Spe...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of seed length on the performance of an optical interleave division multiple access (IDMA) system using prime inter-leavers. It compares the bit error rate (BER) performance of prime inter-leavers with different seed lengths ranging from 2 to 13 for a fixed number of users and data length. The simulation results show that increasing the seed length from 2 to the maximum single digit prime number 7 decreases the BER significantly, with the optimal BER achieved for a seed length of 7. However, BER increases again for seed lengths in double digits. Similarly for a longer data length, the optimal BER is obtained for a seed length of 7. In conclusion, using prime inter
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IRJET- Arithmetic Logic Unit Design with Comparison Power Consumption on Diff...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study comparing the power consumption of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) designed and simulated using different process technologies (foundries). Specifically, a 1-bit ALU was designed using DSCH schematic tools and Microwind layout tools. The ALU was then simulated at the 50nm, 70nm, 90nm and 120nm process nodes. Simulation results showed that power dissipation was lowest (8.716uW) for the 50nm process and highest (97.466uW) for the 120nm process. Therefore, scaling to smaller process technologies can significantly reduce power consumption for digital circuits like the ALU.
Designing of 8 BIT Arithmetic and Logical Unit and implementing on Xilinx Ver...Rahul Borthakur
The main objective of this project was to design and verify different operations of Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU). To implement ALU, the coding was written in VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) and verified in ModelSim. The device was configured and using FPGA (Field-programmable gate array) verification, debugging was done.
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This document presents a paper on artificial intelligence by Ashish Anil Sadavarti of NIT Polytechnic Electronics & Telecommunications branch. It discusses artificial intelligence techniques including rule/logic-based approaches using logical rules and machine learning based on detecting patterns in data. Machine learning is the dominant AI approach today, powering applications like self-driving vehicles and recommendations. Hybrid systems also combine approaches. While AI can automate complex tasks, it remains limited compared to human intelligence and often requires human oversight.
The document describes the development of a gas leakage detector. The project aims to understand how LPG leakage sensors work and develop basic technical skills. An Arduino board is used along with an LPG sensor and buzzer to detect gas leaks and alert users. When the sensor detects LPG, the Arduino triggers the buzzer and displays a message on an LCD screen. The system is designed to prevent accidents and save lives by detecting gas leaks in homes, vehicles, and industries.
This document discusses several industrial control circuits that use thyristors like TRIACs, DIACs, and SCRs. It describes how TRIACs can be used to control the speed of a fan or dim lights by varying the resistance and thus the firing time of the thyristor. Battery chargers and emergency lighting systems that use SCRs are also summarized. Temperature controllers, electronic timers, low power DC flashers, and uninterrupted power supplies are briefly explained in terms of thyristor operation.
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Power electronics is the application of solid-state electronics for the control and conversion of electric power. It involves the application of various semiconductor devices like diodes, thyristors, BJTs, MOSFETs, and IGBTs for switching, controlling, and conditioning electric power. Power electronics is used in a variety of applications including renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, power supplies for computers and consumer electronics, motor controls, and high voltage direct current power transmission.
SURVEY OF DIFFERENT ELECTRONICS INSTRUMENTS.pptxAshish Sadavarti
This document summarizes different electronics measurement instruments. It discusses the voltmeter, which measures voltage between two points using parallel connection. It then covers the advantages and disadvantages of voltmeters, including their compact size but limited speed. The document also describes ohmmeters, which measure resistance and ensure circuit continuity. Ammeters are explained as measuring current in amps. Multimeters can measure voltage, current, and resistance over various ranges. Finally, the cathode ray oscilloscope is presented as displaying signals versus time and being useful for analyzing waveforms. The advantages and applications of each instrument are summarized.
MESH ANALYSIS in Electric Circuits and Networks.pptxAshish Sadavarti
The document presents a power point presentation on mesh analysis for solving electric circuits. It contains an introduction defining mesh analysis and Kirchhoff's voltage law. The presentation shows a sample circuit diagram and uses mesh analysis to solve for the currents in two meshes by applying KVL. The results show a total current of 0.18A is obtained. The conclusion is that mesh analysis simplifies complex circuits into sets of equations that can be solved.
This document describes a digital IC tester circuit that uses universal gates (NAND and NOR gates) to test integrated circuits. The circuit contains LEDs, resistors, 7400 and 7402 ICs, toggle switches, and a battery. It works by using the NAND and NOR gates to test if digital ICs operate correctly based on input signals to the gates. The IC tester is low cost, portable, and can test a variety of digital components like logic gates, flip-flops, and counters. Creating the circuit provided hands-on experience in designing PCBs, soldering components, and troubleshooting circuits.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
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Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
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This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
SIMULATE AND BUILD CIRCUIT ON GENRAL PURPOSE PCB OF 4:1 MULTIPLEXER .pptx
1. NIT POLYTECHNIC NAGPUR
(An NBAAccredited Institute)
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING)
GUIDED BY: MISS. RAJASHREE TALATULE
PRESENTED BY :
ASHISH SADAVRTTI
MICROPROJECT SEMINAR ON
TITLE:-SIMULATE AND BUILD CIRCUIT ON GENRAL
PURPOSE PCB OF 4:1 MULTIPLEXER
2. AIM AND OBJECTIVE
INTRODUCTION
COURSE OUTCOME
PROGRAM OUTCOME (PO) ACHIEVED
DIAGRAM
WORKING / PROCEDURE
RESOURCES USED
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION AND SKILL DEVELOPED
REFERENCES
CONTENTS
NIT POLYTECHNIC NAGPUR
(An NBAAccredited Institute)
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING)
3. AIM AND OBJECTIVE
Understand the actual working of 4:1 multiplexer
Identify different component logic IC.
demonstrate the personal ability and skill
we should design the layout and install the IC on PCB.
NIT POLYTECHNIC NAGPUR
(An NBAAccredited Institute)
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING)
4. INTRODUCTION
A 4-to-1 multiplexer consists four data input lines as D0
to D3, two select lines as S0 and S1 and a single output
line Y.
The select lines S1 and S2 select one of the four input
lines to connect the output line.
The particular input combination on select lines selects
one of input (D0 through D3) to the output
NIT POLYTECHNIC NAGPUR
(An NBAAccredited Institute)
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING)
5. COURSE OUTCOME
Identify and understand the concept of 4:1 multiplexer.
Develop basic technical knowledge about multiplexer.
Trouble shoot specified application using various ic .
Develop the skill to construct and mount component on
pcb.
NIT POLYTECHNIC NAGPUR
(An NBAAccredited Institute)
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING)
6. PROGRAM OUTCOME (PO) ACHIEVED
PO1:- Basic knowledge
PO3:- Experiments and practice
PO4:- Engineering tools
PO5:- The engineer and society
PO8:- Individual and team work
PO9:- Communication
PO10:-Life-long learning
NIT POLYTECHNIC NAGPUR
(An NBAAccredited Institute)
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING)
8. WORKING / PROCEDURE
In 4:1 MUX, there will be 4 input lines and 1 output line.
to control which input should be selected out of these 4, we
need 2 selection lines.
Thus, it is evident from the diagram below that D0, D1, D2
and D3 are the input lines and A, B are the two selection
lines.
The combination of binary numbers given as a selection
line will determine the output of the MUX.
NIT POLYTECHNIC NAGPUR
(An NBAAccredited Institute)
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING)
9. RESOURCES USED
s.no Name of resources specification quantity
01 And gate ic 7408 01
02 Or gate ic 7432 01
03 Not gate ic 7404 01
04 Led Red,green 01
05 Switch Toggle 01
06 Battery 9v 06
07 Resister 330ohm 01
08 pcb 4”*4” 01
NIT POLYTECHNIC NAGPUR
(An NBAAccredited Institute)
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING)
10. APPLICATION
Multiplexer are used in various fields where multiple data need
to be transmitted using a single line.
Multiplexer allow the process of transmitting different type of
data such as audio, video at the same time using a single
transmission line.
NIT POLYTECHNIC NAGPUR
(An NBAAccredited Institute)
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING)
11. SKILL DEVELOPED
Complex problem-solving skills and a methodical mind.
Improve technical knowledge based on multiplexer.
Strong interest in technology.
Communications skills.
Time management and an ability to prioritise and plan
work effectively.
improve the presentation skills.
NIT POLYTECHNIC NAGPUR
(An NBAAccredited Institute)
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING)
12. CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES
The multiplexer is a very useful function and has a
multitude of application. The selection of a particular input
line is controlled by a set of selection lines. Normally,
there are 2n input lines and n selection lines whose bit
combinations determine which input is selected.
https://www.electronics-
tutorials.ws/combination/comb_2.html
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/digital_circuits/digital_circ
uits_multiplexers.htm
NIT POLYTECHNIC NAGPUR
(An NBAAccredited Institute)
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING)
13. Thank you
NIT POLYTECHNIC NAGPUR
(An NBAAccredited Institute)
(DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING)