This document summarizes different electronics measurement instruments. It discusses the voltmeter, which measures voltage between two points using parallel connection. It then covers the advantages and disadvantages of voltmeters, including their compact size but limited speed. The document also describes ohmmeters, which measure resistance and ensure circuit continuity. Ammeters are explained as measuring current in amps. Multimeters can measure voltage, current, and resistance over various ranges. Finally, the cathode ray oscilloscope is presented as displaying signals versus time and being useful for analyzing waveforms. The advantages and applications of each instrument are summarized.

1. NAGPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
GUIDED BY :-
MISS.RAJASHREE TALATULE
NIT POLYTECHNIC
MICRO PROJECT OF ELECTRONICS
MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION
Presented By :-
Ashish Sadavarti

2. SURVEY OF
DIFFERENT
ELECTRONICS
INSTRUMENTS

3. CONTENT
• Voltmeter
• Ohmmeter
• Ammeter
• Multimeter
• CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope)

4. VOLTMETER
• What is Voltmeter?
• Voltmeter is a voltage meter.
Which measures the voltage
between the two nodes. We know
the unit of potential difference is
volts. So it is a measuring
instrument which measures the
potential difference between the
two points.
• The main principle of voltmeter is
that it must be connected in
parallel in which we want to
measure the voltage.

5. ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE
OF VOLTMETER
ADVANTAGE
• Read Compact and cheap
• Low power requirements
• Portability increased
• DVM can measure both AC &
DC voltage.
DISADVANTAGE
• It gives some extra feature are
expensive.
• Speed of operation is limited
due to the digitizing circuit.
• It is usually very hard to spot
transient voltage spikes , etc.
•

6. APPLICATION OF VOLTMETER
• Digital Voltmeter is used to know the actual voltage of different
components.
• DVM is widely used to check if there is power in the circuit, such
as mains outlet.
• Knowing the voltage across a circuit, current can be calculated.

7. OHMMETER
• An ohmmeter can be defined as, it is one
kind of electronic device mainly used for
calculating electrical resistance of a
circuit, and the unit of resistance is ohm.
Electrical resistance is a calculation of
how much an object resists allowing the
flow of current through it. There
are different types of meters available
with different sensitivity levels such as
micro, mega and milli-ohmmeters

8. APPLICATION OF OHMMETER
• This meter can be used to ensure the continuity of the circuit
which means if the sufficient flow of current or huge flow of
current through the circuit then the circuit will be detached.
• These are broadly used in electronic labs in engineering to
test the electronic components.
• These are used for small ics for debugging such as pcbs & other
stuff which requires to be executed in sensitive devices.

9. AMMETER
• An ammeter (from Ampere
Meter) is a measuring
instrument used to measure the
current in a circuit. Electric
currents are measured in
amperes (A), hence the name.
Instruments used to measure
smaller currents, in the
milliampere or microampere
range, are designated as
milliammeters or
microammeters.

10. ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF AMMETER
ADVANTAGE
• It can be used in high frequency
also.
• Uniform scale for most of the
ranges.
DISADVANTAGE
• The LCD display depends on a
battery or external power source.
When the battery is low, the
display will be dim, making it
difficult to read.
• In case of fluctuations or
transients, it can record an error.
• Warming of the meter during its
use can change its properties
leading to errors in measured
value.

11. MULTIMETER
BLOCK DIAGRAM FRONT VIEW
An instrument designed to measure electric current, voltage, and usually
resistance, typically over several ranges of value.

12. ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF MULTIMETER
ADVANTAGE
• They are more accurate than analog
multimeters.
• They reduce reading and interpolation
errors.
• A digital multimeter's numerical display
solves this problem
DISADVANTAGE
• The LCD display depends on a battery or
external power source. When the battery
is low, the display will be dim, making it
difficult to read.
• It is more expensive than the analog type.

13. APPLICATION OF MULTIMETER
• Temperature and environmental applications
• Voltage measurements
• Current measurements
• Resistance measurements
• Time and frequency measurement

14. CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope)
A Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) is an instrument generally used in a laboratory to
display, measure and analyse various waveforms of electrical circuits. A cathode ray
oscilloscope is a very fast X-Y plotters that can display an input signal versus time or
other signal.

15. ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF CRO
(CATHODE RAY OSCILLOSCOPE)
ADVANTAGE
• Time efficiency.
• Expertise and experience.
• Knowledge pool and problem
solving capacity.
• Mostly cost effective than to
develop and run the research
in-house.
DISADVANTAGE
• Conducting trials offshore
may raise ethical issues.
• Drugs may react differently to
those of different ethnic
backgrounds.
• Possible confidentiality loss.
• Project control loss - possible
loss of control over quality.

16. APPLICATION OF CRO (CATHODE RAY OSCILLOSCOPE)
• It can display different types of waveforms
• It can measure short time interval
• In voltmeter, it can measure potential difference

17. THANK YOU