The industry trend for AC drive manufactures to put higher short circuit current marking on AC drives. Recent changes to the NEC and UL 508 have increased industry attention on electrical product’s short circuit ratings. This presentation would discuss how to properly install an AC Drive and to obtain the desired short circuit ratings.
A presentation explaining how to calculate fault currents for 3-phase or 1-phase faults in power grid. Particularly useful for engineers working in electrical power transmission company.
These slides present about islanding detection techniques in microgrid systems. Later on the classes other aspects of microgrid protection will be discussed in more detail
A presentation explaining how to calculate fault currents for 3-phase or 1-phase faults in power grid. Particularly useful for engineers working in electrical power transmission company.
These slides present about islanding detection techniques in microgrid systems. Later on the classes other aspects of microgrid protection will be discussed in more detail
Tariff
The electrical energy produced by a power
station is delivered to a large number of
consumers. The consumers can be per-
suaded to use electrical energy if it is sold at rea-
sonable rates. The tariff i.e., the rate at which
electrical energy is sold naturally becomes atten-
tion inviting for electric supply company. The
supply company has to ensure that the tariff is
such that it not only recovers the total cost of
producing electrical energy but also earns profit
on the capital investment. However, the profit
must be marginal particularly for a country like
India where electric supply companies come un-
der public sector and are always subject to criti-
cism. In this chapter, we shall deal with various
types of tariff with special references to their ad-
vantages and disadvantages.
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss CalculationAmeen San
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss
Calculation
Comparison of Overhead Versus Underground System
Power Loss Calculation,Voltage Drop Calculation
What is islanding ?
Consider the power network as shown in fig.1
Now if we disconnect the line AB from the infinite transmission grid there will be an isolated region . The D1, D2 are power sources (eg : inverter , solar power cells ). The power generated in this region is fed to the island only.
We see that there no longer is any control over the island voltage at the bus X . Also there is no mechanism here for control of frequency.
This state is referred to as islanding.
A simple, economic, pure sine wave dc/ac inverter applicable up to 500VA output power.
Easily repairable.
Designed by Subarna Giri (electrical systems control technologist)
Be free from IC-type model
Be eco-friendly
Tariff
The electrical energy produced by a power
station is delivered to a large number of
consumers. The consumers can be per-
suaded to use electrical energy if it is sold at rea-
sonable rates. The tariff i.e., the rate at which
electrical energy is sold naturally becomes atten-
tion inviting for electric supply company. The
supply company has to ensure that the tariff is
such that it not only recovers the total cost of
producing electrical energy but also earns profit
on the capital investment. However, the profit
must be marginal particularly for a country like
India where electric supply companies come un-
der public sector and are always subject to criti-
cism. In this chapter, we shall deal with various
types of tariff with special references to their ad-
vantages and disadvantages.
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss CalculationAmeen San
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss
Calculation
Comparison of Overhead Versus Underground System
Power Loss Calculation,Voltage Drop Calculation
What is islanding ?
Consider the power network as shown in fig.1
Now if we disconnect the line AB from the infinite transmission grid there will be an isolated region . The D1, D2 are power sources (eg : inverter , solar power cells ). The power generated in this region is fed to the island only.
We see that there no longer is any control over the island voltage at the bus X . Also there is no mechanism here for control of frequency.
This state is referred to as islanding.
A simple, economic, pure sine wave dc/ac inverter applicable up to 500VA output power.
Easily repairable.
Designed by Subarna Giri (electrical systems control technologist)
Be free from IC-type model
Be eco-friendly
Electric Intelligent Actuators: Electric Smart Actuators: ICRTolomatic
What is a Tolomatic ICR SmartActuator™?
The ICR Smart Actuator is a controller, drive and servo motor integrated into one compact and durable electric actuator. The result: reliable, affordable power that is remarkably easy-to-use. Reverse-parallel motor orientation now available.
The ICR Smart Actuators are intelligent actuators that come in two motion control packages:
The ICR Smart Actuator BASIC for simple extend and retract operation and the ICR Smart Actuator PLUS with indexer programming and network communication capabilities.
Both ICR Smart Actuator BASIC and ICR Smart Actuator PLUS are intelligent actuators that offer:
100% duty cycle for continuous operation
24 Vdc opto-isolated inputs, NPN or PNP
Two ball screw selections
IP65 option for protection against water and dust ingress
All ICR Smart Actuators are built-to-order and shipped in 15 days or less.
Improve Operating Efficiency and Reduce Installed Cost with Altivar™ 212 AC D...Schneider Electric
This presentation describes the operating efficiency improvements and cost savings that users can obtain by applying an Altivar™ 212 AC drive on centrifugal pump and fan applications in place of typical AC drives and the technology designed into the Altivar 212 that provides these additional savings.
Automatic Power Factor Correction Using Arduino UnoVineetKumar508
It calculates the power factor of load using ZCD and an Arduino program based on P.F. it determines the
how much compensating element should be added to load to make P.F. near to unity. You can also add IoT to monitor the power consumption, Voltage, Current an P. F. of the load remotely.
More Electric:
Our world is becoming More Electric. Almost everything we interact with today is either already electric or becoming electric. Think about it. From the time you start your day in the morning to the time you finish your day – your home, your car, your work, your devices, your entertainment – almost everything is electric. Imagine the energy needed to power this. Electricity consumption will increase by 80% in next 25 years
More Connected: Our lives are also becoming more connected. The Internet has already transformed the way we live, work and play. Now the Connected Things is going to take this to a brand new level. 50 billion things connected in the next 5 years.
More Distributed: With such a widespread electrification and connectivity, energy models need rethinking as well. Which is why the generation of power needs to be closer to users. Distributed Energy is rapidly evolving globally. This is positive energy – renewable. In 2014 , Renewables overtook fossil fuels in investment value, with $295bn invested in renewables compared to $289bn invested in fossil fuels. And it is getting cheaper to do this.
More Efficient: When our world is more electric, more connected and more distributed, new opportunities emerge and allows us to tap into even more efficiency – in industrial processes, in the energy value chain, in buildings, in transportation, in the global supply chain and even in the comfort and peace-of-mind of our homes.
With more than $18 billion in M&A activity in the first half of last year alone, the colocation industry is riding the bubble of rapid growth. Colocation data center providers are being evaluated by a wide range of investors, with varying experience and perspectives. Understanding the evaluation criteria is a critical competency for attracting the right type of investor and financial commitment for your colocation business and this is why we have invited today’s speaker to present.
Steve Wallage Steve Wallage is Managing Director of BroadGroup Consulting. Steve brings 25 years of industry experience, holding senior roles at Gartner Group, IDC, CGI and IBM before joining BroadGroup 10 years ago. In his responsibilities at BroadGroup Steve has led many due diligence projects for investors evaluating colocation companies.
In this briefing we explore the Phaseo power supplies and transformers offer presentation and application samples.
For more details:
Industrial%20Automation%20and%20Control&parent-category-id=4500&parent-subcategory-id=4510
We’ve all been hearing about how robust the market for data center space is, but a presentation by an investment banker who has his finger on the pulse on the market day in and day out gave me a new appreciation for how great the opportunity really is.
Herb May is a partner and managing director with DH Capital, an investment bank founded 15 years ago in New York that is focused on the Internet infrastructure space. His company has been involved in close to 100 deals, representing almost $20 billion in value. Most of DH Capital’s work is as a mergers and acquisitions advisor, but raising capital is a growing percentage of its business. The point is, the company understands the financials behind data centers and colocation companies inside and out.
At Schneider Electric, in the IT Division, our core business has always been focused on delivering the highest level of availability to critical technologies, systems and processes. We’ve done this through our award winning, industry-leading and highest quality products and solutions, including UPS, Cooling, Rack Systems, DCIM and Services.
In this new digital era, we see a world that is always-on.
Always on to meet the needs of the highest notion of “access” to goods and services
Always on to be the solid, reliable foundation of digital transformation for businesses
Our mission is: To empower the digital transformation of our customers by ensuring their critical network, systems and processes are highly available and resilient.
In this briefing we explore the Magelis Basic HMI offer presentation and application samples.
For more details:
https://www.schneider-electric.com/en/product-range/61054-magelis#search
In this briefing, we explore the Zelio time relay offer presentation and application samples.
For more details:
http://www.schneider-electric.com/en/product-range/529-zelio-time?parent-category-id=2800&parent-subcategory-id=2810&filter=business-1-industrial-automation-and-control
Spacial, Thalassa, ClimaSys Universal enclosures BriefingSchneider Electric
Discover more about Universal Enclosures and how to select the one you need.
For more information:
http://www.schneider-electric.com/en/product-category/5800-enclosures-and-accessories/?filter=business-1-industrial-automation-and-control
Learn more about "what is a solid state relay", key features and targeted applications.
For more details:
http://www.schneider-electric.com/en/product-range/60278-zelio-relays?parent-category-id=2800&filter=business-1-Industrial%20Automation%20and%20Control
Learn more about what an HMI does and the main components and a look at a typical HMI.
Further details:
http://www.schneider-electric.com/en/product-category/2100-HMI%20(Terminals%20and%20Industrial%20PC)?filter=business-1-Industrial%20Automation%20and%20Control
Where will the next 80% improvement in data center performance come from?Schneider Electric
Rick Puskar, Head of Marketing for Schneider Electric's IT Division presents at the Gartner Symposium in Barcelona November 8th, 2017. In this presentation Rick discusses where the next 80% improvement in data center performance will come from with a focus on the speed, availability and reliability of data. Learn how a cloud-based data center infrastructure management as a service architecture like Schneider Electric's EcoStruxure IT can drive such aggressive goals around data center performance.
Learn how EcoStruxure is digitizing industry with IIoT to increase end-to-end operational efficiency with more dynamic control for better business results.
Learn more about our System Integrator Alliance Program - A global partnership transforming industry and infrastructure by helping them make the most of their processes, the most of their assets and the most of their energy.
EcoStruxure, IIoT-enabled architecture, delivering value in key segments.Schneider Electric
As presented during the Alliance 2017 event, learn how to deliver integrated solutions based on EcoStruxure, our IIoT-enabled architecture for Wastewater, Food and Beverage and Mining, Minerals and Metals.
A Practical Guide to Ensuring Business Continuity and High Performance in Hea...Schneider Electric
Within healthcare facilities, high availability of systems is a key influencer of revenue and patient safety and satisfaction. Three important critical success factors need to be addressed in order to achieve safety and availability goals. These include exceeding the facility’s level of regulatory compliance, a linking of business benefits to the maintenance of a safe and an “always on” power and ventilation environment, and a sensible approach to technology upgrades that includes new strategies for “selling” technological improvements to executives. This reference guide offers recommendations for identifying and addressing each of these issues.
Connected Services Study – Facility Managers Respond to IoTSchneider Electric
According to a new 2017 study commissioned by Schneider Electric, facility managers are increasingly looking to leverage the Internet of Things (IoT) by implementing new digital technologies like intelligent analytics to improve maintenance decisions and operations. Explore the full results on how facility managers are reacting to IoT when it comes to facility maintenance.
Learn more about cabling and accessories and the complete ranges available featuring 3 types of cable to suit the envirionment. For more details: http://www.schneider-electric.com/en/product-subcategory/88035-cordset-and-connectors/?filter=business-1-industrial-automation-and-control&parent-category-id=4900
This briefing will look at the general purpose of Photoelectric sensors and Photoelectric fork and frame sensors. For more details: http://www.tesensors.com/global/en/product/photoelectric/xu/?filter=business-1-automation-and-control&parent-category-id=4900/
A world-class global brand offering a comprehensive line of Limit Switches complying with international standards: IEC, UL, CSA, CCC, GOST. For more details: http://www.tesensors.com/global/en/product/limit-switches/xc-standard/?cat_id=BU_AUT_520_L4&conf=sensors&el_typ=node&nod_id=0000000002&prev_nod_id=0000000001&scp_id=Z000
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
1. Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives
Ivan Spronk, Product Marketing AC Drives
Schneider Electric
Industry NOW Express
2. Goal of this session
● Understand
● Importance of proper SCCRs
● Hot button points and confusion about SCCRs
● Be able to articulate the various aspects of SCCRs
● Understand
● The information Schneider Electric provides
● The information most competitors provide
● Be able to position yourself to help your customers
● Know what documents to use to find SCCR for the Altivar product line
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 2
3. Why are these ratings important?
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 3
4. Why are these ratings important to you?
● Applying SCCRs properly can:
● Enhance personnel safety
● Limit equipment damage
● Reduce lost production time
● Provide the most cost effective solution
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 4
5. Hot Buttons & Points of Confusion
● Recent changes to NEC and UL508
● Control panels are now required to have a SCCR
● Increased industry attention to SCCRs
● UL 508C: test standard for AC Drives
● Lacks specific test method for short circuit testing
● Leads to different interpretations by manufacturers
● Not all manufacturers publish the same info
● Allows for a “higher must be better” mentality
● Who is impacted the most?
● Those not performing tests on each design:
●System integrators
●Panel builders
●OEMs
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 5
6. Aspects of SCCRs
● Circuit breakers and fuses
● Designed to operate at some level of short circuit current
● Designed to interrupt current
● Common values: 1k, 5k, 10k, 22k, 42k, 65k 100k
● These are overcurrent protective devices (OCPD)
● Has an AIR rating: ampere interrupting rating
● Other electric equipment panels and products
● UL requirement:
● Have a maximum short circuit current rating
● Designed to operate at some level of short circuit current
● Common values: 1k, 5k, 10k, 22k, 42k, 65k 100k
● Rating can be no higher than lowest rated product
● Equipment and panel need to safely withstand the level
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 6
7. Aspects of SCCRs and AC Drives
● Input section
● Available short circuit current has a thermal impact
● True for any device converting AC power to DC power
● Internal section
● Internal of an AC Drive has many current paths
● AC Drives should not be tested like starters
● Output section
● Have IGBTs that turn off at high current level
● Many suppliers provide SCCRs based on testing the output
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 7
8. Aspects of SCCRs and AC Drives: Schneider
Electric Position
● Input section
● Customers need to know the level of available short circuit
current the drive was designed to handle
● Internal section
● Short circuit testing should test the most vulnerable part
● Output section
● A SCCR should not be based on the output
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 8
9. Information provided by Schneider Electric: Input Section
● Input Section:
● The input current increases as AFC increases
● AFC = amount of available fault or short circuit current
● True for any devise converting power
● The input AFC rating reflects:
● Available short-circuit current at input terminals that the
drive was designed to operate both thermally and
electrically
● How much effect do various levels have?
●See Data Bulletin 8800DB0801 for more info
● Schneider Electric designs to UL recommended levels
● Schneider Electric provides this input AFC rating
● If the available prospective short circuit current exceeds
the level the drive was designed for, use externally
mounted impedance to reduce level
– Line reactors are commonly used
– DC chokes
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 9
10. Information provided by Schneider Electric: Internal Section
● Internal Section:
● AC Drives contain many power components
● Diodes
● Capacitors
● IGBTs
● There are multiple paths for a short circuit
● Internal components may short across the power circuit.
● To obtain a SCCR, Schneider Electric performs
● A breakdown of components test
● Testing the most vulnerable parts
● At the marked SCCR value
Why do other manufacturers only test and provide a
SCCR based on shorting the out put of the drive?
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 10
11. Information provided by Schneider Electric: Internal Section
Electric Company /
Distribution Panel ● Why do other manufacturers only test and provide a SCCR
based on shorting the output of the drive?
● Left over from the legacy test method for a motor starter
● For a starter or contactor
● Shorting the output tests this entire device
● Many drive manufactures are currently providing a SCCR
based on only testing by shorting the output
● Schneider Electric has taken an industry leadership position
● Providing SCCR ratings based on internal breakdown tests
● Leading UL 508C to mandate an internal breakdown tests
Load
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 11
12. Information provided by Schneider Electric
● Internal Section:
● Schneider Electric SCCR parameters validated during
Breakdown of Components testing
●Contain a breakdown within its enclosure based on the Available
Fault Current (AFC) and its listed Overcurrent Protective Device
(OCPD)
●Should not create shock, flame, fire or expulsion hazard outside the
enclosure
● Schneider Electric provides a rating for a wall mounted AC Drive
● AC drive with optional conduit entrance
● Housing of the unit must contain the hazard
● Schneider Electric provides a rating for an AC drive mounted in
an enclosure
●Enclosure around the drive must contain the hazard
● See ANNEX document
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 12
13. Information provided by Schneider Electric: Output Section
● Output Section:
● Today’s IGBT technology used by most manufactures
● Will turn off well before fault current builds to dangerous levels
– Interrupting 100kA on the output is no issue
● Drive input does not see fault current
● Available input short-circuit current and
output interruption rating are unrelated
● Schneider Electric provides this information only to show our
product can obtain the same rating on the output
● Testing the output does not help construct a robust solution
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 13
14. Aspects of SCCRs and AC Drives: our position
● Input section
● Customers need to know the level of available short circuit
current the drive was designed to handle
● Internal section
● Short circuit testing should test the most vulnerable part
● Output section
● A SCCR should not be based on the output
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 14
15. What information do competitors provide?
● ABB provides:
● Input currents with and without line reactors with no explanation
● Specifying expensive Class T fuses only
● No circuit breaker ratings
● Schneider Electric provides:
● Multiple ratings with circuit breakers and GV2
● Ratings with Class J fuses
● 25-50% less expensive than Class T fuses
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 15
16. What information do competitors provide?
● ABB
● Claiming maximum 200k SCCR rating
●Clearing relying on testing only the output of the drive
● Claiming actual rating is based on OCPD
● Providing no information about thermal impact of various
levels of available fault current
● Schneider Electric provides information about:
● Thermal impact of various levels of available fault current
● Multiple ratings with circuit breakers and GV2
● Ratings with Class J fuses
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 16
17. What can you do with this information?
● Assist customers to build equipment that can
● Enhance personnel safety with ratings on product match
installation
● Limit equipment damage
● Properly rated to contain a short circuit
● Reduce lost production time
● Properly rated to contain a short circuit
● Provide the most cost effective solution
● Install just what is needed
● Control panel cost is proportional to specified SCCR
● Schneider Electric is leading the industry in this effort by
challenging the information being supplied by others
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 17
18. Resources
Know which Codes & Standards apply to your customer’s equipment
● NEC2011 Article 409.110 and 430.8
● Requires that industrial control panels be marked with (SCCR)
● Requires AC Drives be rated with a SCCR
● UL508A points to UL508C for power conversion controllers
●i.e. AC & DC power converters or drive controllers
● UL 1995
● Standard for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment
● UL508C
● Provides a method of establishing SCCR for Drives
● Provides a SCC rating that satisfies NEC requirements.
● Issues being worked with UL508C
● The standard lags technology changes.
● As such the test methods have room for interpretation.
● Most are publishing only an output short circuit rating
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 18
19. Resources
● SCCR ratings for each Altivar product line
● Each product line has a document listing SCCRs
● The Effects of Available Short Circuit Current on AC Drives
● Data Bulletin 8800DB0801
● Variable Frequency Drives and Short Circuit Current Ratings
● Data Bulletin 8800DB1203 coming soon
● Control Panel Technical Guide
● How to ensure trouble free approval of your UL complaint
control panels
● CPTG005_EN
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 19
20. Summary
● Short-circuit ratings allow to:
● Have safer installations
● Minimize equipment damage
● Improve up-time in the most cost effective
way
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 20
21. A 5HP AC drive….
40A
5 kA Isc, without Line Reactor, Ipeak=27.2
20A
0A
-20A
-40A
500ms 510ms 520ms 530ms 540ms 550ms 560ms 570ms 580ms 590ms 600ms
I(L1) RMS(I(R8)) RMS(I(L1))
Time
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 21
22. A 5HP AC drive….
60A
22 kA Isc, without Line Reactor, Ipeak=41.7
40A
20A
-0A
-20A
-40A
-60A
500ms 510ms 520ms 530ms 540ms 550ms 560ms 570ms 580ms 590ms 600ms
I(L1) RMS(I(R8)) RMS(I(L1))
Time
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 22
23. A 5HP AC drive….
100 kA Isc, without Line Reactor, Ipeak=62.1
80A
40A
0A
-40A
-80A
500ms 510ms 520ms 530ms 540ms 550ms 560ms 570ms 580ms 590ms 600ms
I(L1) RMS(I(R8)) RMS(I(L1))
Time
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 23
24. Altivar 61 Annex
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 24
25. ABB ACS355 ● specifying expensive Class T fuses
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 25
26. ABB ACH550 UH
●
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 26
27. ABB ACH850
● now providing Input current
with and without line choke
● Class T fuses
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 27
28. AB PowerFlex 40P
● “actual SCCR = AIC of
installed fuse / circuit
breaker
● claiming 100k SCCR
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 28
29. AB PowerFlex 700 ● “actual SCCR = AIC of installed
fuse / circuit breaker
● claiming 200k SCCR
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 29
30. Internal Break Down of Components Tests
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 30
31. Typical available fault current at various points
and appropriate SCCR rating
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 31
32. Codes and Standards: UL508C says:
47 Short Circuit Test – High Fault Currents
47.1 When any models within a drive series are intended to be rated with high fault current
values in excess of the standard current values required by Table 45.1, then one representative
model from those intended to be rated with high fault current values shall be used for testing.
This representative model shall be subjected to only one high fault current short circuit test.
Exception: A drive series complies with the High Fault Current Short Circuit Test in this section
without additional testing when:
a) The drive series uses solid state short circuit protection circuitry for compliance
with the Short Circuit Test, Section 45; and
b) The solid state short circuit protection circuitry is used in accordance with
45.1.3.
● Most Drives Manufactures take this exception!
● Schneider Electric does NOT
● Schneider Electric conducts short circuit testing at the marked short circuit current rating
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 32
33. UL 508 C: Minimum Short Circuit Test Values
Schneider Electric - Industry Business – Short Circuit Current Ratings and AC Drives – 2012 33