Presented by Isabelle Baltenweck at the UN Food System Summit Science Days Side Event on Decision-making for Sustainable Livestock: Capitalizing on Models, Data and Communications, 7 July 2021
Value chains, innovation systems and action research: From principles to pra...ILRI
The document discusses new approaches to livestock development that focus on building innovation platforms to encourage collaboration between stakeholders. It emphasizes an innovation systems perspective that views innovation as an outcome of interactions between actors rather than just the product of research. The case study describes establishing a stakeholder platform in Ada'a, Ethiopia to identify constraints, test fodder options, and facilitate collaboration to develop dairy farming. Monitoring focused on tracking process indicators and learning lessons to improve performance and stakeholder engagement.
Small ruminant value chains for reducing poverty and increasing food security...ILRI
The document outlines a project aimed at strengthening small ruminant value chains in India and Mozambique to increase incomes and food security. The project will establish Innovation Platforms and Producer Hubs to facilitate collaboration between stakeholders along the goat value chain. It will pilot models to strengthen goat production, processing, and marketing. The project will also conduct research to identify best practices and opportunities for scaling up the models to other areas.
Efforts to improve the dairy industry in TanzaniaILRI
Presented by A. P. Njombe, Y. N. Msanga, N.R. Mbwambo and A. Temba at the Smallholder Dairy Value Chain in Tanzania Stakeholder Meeting, Morogoro, Tanzania, 9 March 2012
This document summarizes the tropical dairy genomics program, which aims to apply genomics to dairy production in tropical countries. The program focuses on three areas: supporting genetic improvement programs, African cattle functional genomics, and understanding African cattle adaptation. For genetic improvement programs, the program aims to increase genetic gain and scale out models. For functional genomics, the program identifies functional mutations and validates genes related to traits like heat tolerance and tick resistance. For adaptation, the program studies African cattle in various environments to better understand their unique biology and identify new genes. The overall goal is to improve dairy productivity, livelihoods, and sustainability in tropical regions.
Introduction of orange flesh sweet potato in aquatic agricultural systems val...WorldFish
Presented by WorldFish scientist Sonia Allauca recently at the 'Value Chain Study Results Presentation and Strategy Formulation', held at the BRAC Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh, on the 12th and 13th of November. It was later presented at the 'Sweetpotato Value Chain Strategy as a core component of nutrition promotion and women enterprise development', which was held from the 11th to the 13th of February, 2013, in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
The document discusses the challenges and opportunities in India's animal husbandry sector. It notes that the sector contributes significantly to India's economy but productivity is low compared to global standards, largely due to genetic limitations and poor farm management practices. It also faces issues like inadequate feed availability, lack of disease surveillance and quality control, insufficient investment, and shortage of trained human resources. With increased efforts in areas like breed improvement, entrepreneurship development, and specialized extension services, the sector can boost rural incomes and help fuel India's economic growth.
The document discusses the status, strategies, and way forward for strengthening the livestock extension system in India. It notes several issues with the current system including inadequate resources, lack of coordination and participatory approaches. It proposes strategies like promoting livestock keepers' groups, strengthening services through paravets and field guides, and developing skilled human resources. The way forward includes strengthening the livestock innovation system and promoting farmers' field schools and milk producers' companies. The document also outlines initiatives by ICAR-NDRI, Karnal to support smallholder farmers through dairy development centers, field technicians, and women empowerment programs.
Presented by Isabelle Baltenweck at the UN Food System Summit Science Days Side Event on Decision-making for Sustainable Livestock: Capitalizing on Models, Data and Communications, 7 July 2021
Value chains, innovation systems and action research: From principles to pra...ILRI
The document discusses new approaches to livestock development that focus on building innovation platforms to encourage collaboration between stakeholders. It emphasizes an innovation systems perspective that views innovation as an outcome of interactions between actors rather than just the product of research. The case study describes establishing a stakeholder platform in Ada'a, Ethiopia to identify constraints, test fodder options, and facilitate collaboration to develop dairy farming. Monitoring focused on tracking process indicators and learning lessons to improve performance and stakeholder engagement.
Small ruminant value chains for reducing poverty and increasing food security...ILRI
The document outlines a project aimed at strengthening small ruminant value chains in India and Mozambique to increase incomes and food security. The project will establish Innovation Platforms and Producer Hubs to facilitate collaboration between stakeholders along the goat value chain. It will pilot models to strengthen goat production, processing, and marketing. The project will also conduct research to identify best practices and opportunities for scaling up the models to other areas.
Efforts to improve the dairy industry in TanzaniaILRI
Presented by A. P. Njombe, Y. N. Msanga, N.R. Mbwambo and A. Temba at the Smallholder Dairy Value Chain in Tanzania Stakeholder Meeting, Morogoro, Tanzania, 9 March 2012
This document summarizes the tropical dairy genomics program, which aims to apply genomics to dairy production in tropical countries. The program focuses on three areas: supporting genetic improvement programs, African cattle functional genomics, and understanding African cattle adaptation. For genetic improvement programs, the program aims to increase genetic gain and scale out models. For functional genomics, the program identifies functional mutations and validates genes related to traits like heat tolerance and tick resistance. For adaptation, the program studies African cattle in various environments to better understand their unique biology and identify new genes. The overall goal is to improve dairy productivity, livelihoods, and sustainability in tropical regions.
Introduction of orange flesh sweet potato in aquatic agricultural systems val...WorldFish
Presented by WorldFish scientist Sonia Allauca recently at the 'Value Chain Study Results Presentation and Strategy Formulation', held at the BRAC Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh, on the 12th and 13th of November. It was later presented at the 'Sweetpotato Value Chain Strategy as a core component of nutrition promotion and women enterprise development', which was held from the 11th to the 13th of February, 2013, in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
The document discusses the challenges and opportunities in India's animal husbandry sector. It notes that the sector contributes significantly to India's economy but productivity is low compared to global standards, largely due to genetic limitations and poor farm management practices. It also faces issues like inadequate feed availability, lack of disease surveillance and quality control, insufficient investment, and shortage of trained human resources. With increased efforts in areas like breed improvement, entrepreneurship development, and specialized extension services, the sector can boost rural incomes and help fuel India's economic growth.
The document discusses the status, strategies, and way forward for strengthening the livestock extension system in India. It notes several issues with the current system including inadequate resources, lack of coordination and participatory approaches. It proposes strategies like promoting livestock keepers' groups, strengthening services through paravets and field guides, and developing skilled human resources. The way forward includes strengthening the livestock innovation system and promoting farmers' field schools and milk producers' companies. The document also outlines initiatives by ICAR-NDRI, Karnal to support smallholder farmers through dairy development centers, field technicians, and women empowerment programs.
The document summarizes a dairy development project in Ethiopia funded by USAID/PEPFAR and implemented by Land O'Lakes over 5 years. The project aims to build a competitive dairy industry through private investment to generate income for smallholders and provide quality dairy products. It does this through activities focused on improving efficiency and quality, stimulating business development, and strengthening market linkages. Major activities included training farmers, forming cooperatives, improving animal health and feed, and supporting profitable small businesses along the dairy value chain. The project also conducted research finding consumers prefer raw milk and had low awareness of pasteurization. It provides recommendations to strengthen collaboration and encourage women's participation.
This document summarizes a study on gender roles and livestock in Khreisha villages in Jordan. The study aims to understand the dynamics of ownership and control over livestock between men and women, as well as decision making and labor divisions. It involves literature reviews, focus groups, and surveys. The reviews found that while women contribute greatly to livestock work, men control marketing and profits. The study seeks to identify ways to increase women's control over income from their labor, make youth and women's roles visible, and inform services to support gender equality in livestock systems.
IFPRI organized a two day workshop on “Agricultural Extension Reforms in South Asia – Status, Challenges, and Policy Options” to be organized at Committee Room 3, NASC, Pusa, New Delhi on February 17-18, 2015. IFPRI has been conducting research related to agricultural extension reforms in India and collaborating with researchers in other south Asian countries for the past five years through various projects. For understanding extension reforms in India, a major consultation was held in NAARM in 2009 during which policy makers called for development of evidence for spreading extension reform process in India. Since then several research papers have been produced on various aspects of Indian extension system. While they are presented in various forms including several discussion papers, there is a need to pull all the research result together to present it in form that could be used by the policy makers to further guide them in the reform process. South Asian countries such as Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka are going through similar challenges in getting knowledge to farmers. Several experiment shave been conducted to test new approaches to extension by the public, private and NGO sectors. Learning from each country experiences will bring collective understanding and knowledge for the policy makers who are attempting to bring changes in the reform process. The purpose of this workshop is to bring together a groups of researchers, analysts and policy makers to present the issues, constraints and challenges facing agricultural extension reforms that are being implemented in South Asian countries.
This document outlines plans for the Centre of Excellence for Seed Industry (CoESI) in West Africa to be implemented by the National Agricultural Seeds Council (NASC) in Nigeria. It discusses the need for CoESI due to yield losses in crops like cassava and opportunities in the seed value chain. The implementation strategy involves building strategic partnerships between NASC, farmers, industry, research institutions, and donors to strengthen Nigeria's seed system through activities at CoESI like training, quality control facilities, and market-responsive policies. The overall goals are to increase domestic seed production, exports, and entrepreneurship while ensuring national food security.
This report is part of a series of discussion and research pieces that explore the challenges of sustainable diets as a means to address the stalemate in debate over the role of meat consumption in mitigating climate change.
Improving rice productivity in Haiti is important to increase rural incomes and food security. Rice yields in Haiti have seen little growth over 50 years, and Haiti now imports 80% of the rice it consumes. A study analyzed an intervention using improved rice production practices called SRI-A in the Artibonite region, Haiti's main rice growing area. SRI-A combines System of Rice Intensification and soil amelioration techniques, and was shown to increase yields by 14% initially through demonstration plots, training, and support from agricultural associations and credit expansion. Over time, adoption of SRI-A and learning effects could further increase yields and lower costs, improving farmer profits. However, the benefits and costs
This document summarizes the costs and benefits of investment in agricultural research and development (R&D) in Haiti. It describes the current problems with food security and low agricultural productivity in Haiti. The solution proposed is establishing an agricultural research institution to transfer new technologies to farmers, with annual spending of $15.13-$36.50 million. Models estimate this investment could increase crop yields by over 100% and lead to a 55-66% rise in rice production by 2040. Discounted benefits are projected to be $719-$871 million by 2050, exceeding costs, indicating agricultural R&D is socially beneficial for Haiti.
Growing commercial dairying in pre-commercial areas [Tanzania]ILRI
Presented by Amos Omore at the African Green Revolution Forum Working Session on Transforming Dairy Value Chains in Africa: Pathways to Prosperity, Nairobi, 8 September 2016
The document analyzes three potential interventions to address Haiti's rice market problems:
1. Raising the tariff on imported rice to 20% would hurt many urban consumers while only marginally benefiting fewer rural producers.
2. Subsidizing 50% of fertilizer costs could significantly increase rice yields and producer surplus, but would be difficult to implement without diversion of subsidies.
3. A crop insurance program that compensates farmers for regional yield losses could encourage investment and risk-taking, but the farmers' response is uncertain. On average, the fertilizer subsidy appears to have the highest estimated benefits compared to costs of the three options.
Gerald Mutinda, Regional Manager, East Africa Dairy Devt ProjectCatchTalk.TV
This document summarizes the East Africa Dairy Development Project, which aimed to double incomes for smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda. It did this by establishing dairy hubs - centers where farmers could access services like artificial insemination, veterinary care, inputs, and sell their milk. Over 200,000 farmers joined cooperatives that used these hubs. As a result, milk production increased from less than 20 million liters annually to over 340 million liters. Farmers' incomes increased from less than $5 million to over $103 million in payments. The hubs proved an effective model for unlocking rural economies by attracting investment and stimulating employment.
Hub models to transform dairy value chains in East AfricaILRI
The document discusses the East Africa Dairy Development (EADD) Hub approach for transforming dairy value chains in East Africa. Some key findings are that the hub approach implemented in 3 countries led to a 124% increase in household dairy income on average. 82 hubs have been supported so far, with 17 hubs graduating towards sustainability. Lessons learned include promoting hubs as facilitators not implementers, tailoring hubs to different contexts, strong governance being key to sustainability, and increasing private sector engagement and inclusion of women and youth.
Strengthening developing-country seed systems and markets. Policy trade-offs,...IFPRI-PIM
Presentation by David Spielman (IFPRI) at the PIM Webinar held on 25 October 2017. See more here: http://pim.cgiar.org/2017/09/29/webinar-strengthening-developing-country-seed-systems-and-markets-policy-trade-offs-unintended-consequences-and-operational-realities/
Africa RISING systems research experiencesafrica-rising
Africa RISING conducted systems research at sites in Ghana, Ethiopia, Malawi, and Tanzania to identify options for sustainable intensification of crop and livestock production. The research evaluated interventions to improve productivity, nutrition, natural resource management, and household incomes. Farm types were defined in each country based on characteristics like household endowments. Integrated research approaches included crop-livestock trials, testing intercropping systems, and intensifying maize-groundnut-pigeon pea systems. Partnering with development organizations helped scale technologies to more households. Lessons indicated a need for more whole-systems and gender-sensitive research, cross-disciplinary linkages, and innovation platforms to enhance communications and impact.
This document outlines several objectives and challenges related to agriculture in Odisha, India. The objectives are to create a shared vision for stakeholders in the sector, address issues undermining investment, ensure access and participation, optimize resources, foster competitiveness and growth, and build partnerships. Key challenges include a lack of storage, transportation, market information, and credit, as well as natural disasters, improper water management, soil degradation, and labor shortages. The document calls for common trading platforms and more efficient use of government resources and technology to help address these issues in Odisha's agricultural system.
Prepared by:
Lead Authors
Walter de Boef, Marja Thijssen, Boudy van Schagen, and Tom van Mourik
Contributors
Tofa Abdullahi, Godwin Atser, Isabelle Baltenweck, Jens-Peter Barnekow Lillesø, Zewdie Bishaw, Elohor Diebiru-Ojo, Carlo Fadda, Alessandra Galie, Sita Ghimire, Lars Graudal, Aynalem Haile, Jon Hellin, Ramni Jamnadas, Alpha Kamara, Karen Marshall, Margaret McEwan, Adamu Molla, Baloua Nebie, Kwame Ogero, Chris Ojiewo, Lucky Omoigui, Michael Peters, Srinivasulu Rajendran, Cristiano Rossignoli, Lateef Sanni, Kelvin Mashisia Shikuku, Reuben Solomon, David Spielman, Abiro Tigabie, and Aboubacar Toure
Partnerships for sustainable intensification research in Africaafrica-rising
Presented by Mateete Bekunda, Asamoah Larbi, Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon (IITA) and Kindu Mekonnen (ILRI) at the ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Annual Meeting, Phoenix, USA, 7 November 2016
IFPRI- CSISA organized a one day high level policy roundtable on Sustainable Intensification in India’s Risk-Prone Ecologies: Investment strategies for productivity growth, resource conservation, and climate risk management” on May 19, 2014 in New Delhi.
This roundtable, brings together a high-level small group of individuals from the corporate, government, and research sectors to address one of India’s most urgent challenges to food security and economic growth—how to encourage private sector investment in accelerating productivity growth in India’s risk-prone ecologies while simultaneously conserving the environment.
There are solutions already in farmers’ fields and rural markets that respond to these challenges, and this Roundtable will highlight recent advances, for example: innovative financial products and information services for small-scale farmers; diagnostic tools for managing water and soil nutrient scarcity; custom-hired resource-conserving machinery for small farms; crop diversification and high-value marketing strategies; and stress-resistant wheat and rice varieties. But the search for solutions is far from complete. This Roundtable is meant to engage participants in a rapid-fire discussion of recent technical solutions in Indian agriculture, the prospects for policy change, and corporate outlooks for the next five years. The purpose is to help public and private sector players to identify common investment strategies, forge partnerships, and chalk out collaborative efforts to effect technological, market, and policy improvements in India’s risk prone ecologies.
Livelihoods- Mantra for promoting lakhpatiAyan Deb
The document provides background information on the Lakhpati Kisan Smart Village initiative in Central India. The initiative aims to bring 1.1 lakh households out of poverty by providing livelihood interventions, education, water and sanitation support over five years with an investment of Rs. 65,000 per household. Key interventions include promoting livelihoods like agriculture, livestock, irrigation and non-timber forest products. Through prototyping various livelihood models, the average annual household income has increased from Rs. 19,000 in 2007-08 to over Rs. 53,000 in 2012-13. The initiative focuses on establishing self-help groups, village organizations and producer companies to drive local development processes and ensure the impact is
Agriculture in Niger (one of the poorest nations) is the main source of livelihood accounting for 38% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 94% of labor force. About 62% of households live below the poverty line (less than US$1 per/day). Despite donor and government investments in R&D during the last 30 years, the aggregate impacts of agricultural research in Niger are limited, and food insecurity remains widespread. There is a need to reassess agricultural research priorities and development interventions to transform the agricultural sector.
The new role of SLU in the CGIAR Livestock and Fish Research Program ILRI
The document discusses the new role of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) in collaborating with the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish (L&F). Over several years, SLU and L&F engaged in discussions to identify areas of common interest for strategic partnership. They agreed to prioritize research on herd health for ruminants and pigs, including infections and reproductive health. Two additional areas were identified for further exploration: feed and forages, as well as animal genetics. The partnership aims to apply SLU's holistic approach to herd health within L&F programs and leverage SLU's expertise in feed utilization, forage breeding, and bioinformatics.
The document summarizes a dairy development project in Ethiopia funded by USAID/PEPFAR and implemented by Land O'Lakes over 5 years. The project aims to build a competitive dairy industry through private investment to generate income for smallholders and provide quality dairy products. It does this through activities focused on improving efficiency and quality, stimulating business development, and strengthening market linkages. Major activities included training farmers, forming cooperatives, improving animal health and feed, and supporting profitable small businesses along the dairy value chain. The project also conducted research finding consumers prefer raw milk and had low awareness of pasteurization. It provides recommendations to strengthen collaboration and encourage women's participation.
This document summarizes a study on gender roles and livestock in Khreisha villages in Jordan. The study aims to understand the dynamics of ownership and control over livestock between men and women, as well as decision making and labor divisions. It involves literature reviews, focus groups, and surveys. The reviews found that while women contribute greatly to livestock work, men control marketing and profits. The study seeks to identify ways to increase women's control over income from their labor, make youth and women's roles visible, and inform services to support gender equality in livestock systems.
IFPRI organized a two day workshop on “Agricultural Extension Reforms in South Asia – Status, Challenges, and Policy Options” to be organized at Committee Room 3, NASC, Pusa, New Delhi on February 17-18, 2015. IFPRI has been conducting research related to agricultural extension reforms in India and collaborating with researchers in other south Asian countries for the past five years through various projects. For understanding extension reforms in India, a major consultation was held in NAARM in 2009 during which policy makers called for development of evidence for spreading extension reform process in India. Since then several research papers have been produced on various aspects of Indian extension system. While they are presented in various forms including several discussion papers, there is a need to pull all the research result together to present it in form that could be used by the policy makers to further guide them in the reform process. South Asian countries such as Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka are going through similar challenges in getting knowledge to farmers. Several experiment shave been conducted to test new approaches to extension by the public, private and NGO sectors. Learning from each country experiences will bring collective understanding and knowledge for the policy makers who are attempting to bring changes in the reform process. The purpose of this workshop is to bring together a groups of researchers, analysts and policy makers to present the issues, constraints and challenges facing agricultural extension reforms that are being implemented in South Asian countries.
This document outlines plans for the Centre of Excellence for Seed Industry (CoESI) in West Africa to be implemented by the National Agricultural Seeds Council (NASC) in Nigeria. It discusses the need for CoESI due to yield losses in crops like cassava and opportunities in the seed value chain. The implementation strategy involves building strategic partnerships between NASC, farmers, industry, research institutions, and donors to strengthen Nigeria's seed system through activities at CoESI like training, quality control facilities, and market-responsive policies. The overall goals are to increase domestic seed production, exports, and entrepreneurship while ensuring national food security.
This report is part of a series of discussion and research pieces that explore the challenges of sustainable diets as a means to address the stalemate in debate over the role of meat consumption in mitigating climate change.
Improving rice productivity in Haiti is important to increase rural incomes and food security. Rice yields in Haiti have seen little growth over 50 years, and Haiti now imports 80% of the rice it consumes. A study analyzed an intervention using improved rice production practices called SRI-A in the Artibonite region, Haiti's main rice growing area. SRI-A combines System of Rice Intensification and soil amelioration techniques, and was shown to increase yields by 14% initially through demonstration plots, training, and support from agricultural associations and credit expansion. Over time, adoption of SRI-A and learning effects could further increase yields and lower costs, improving farmer profits. However, the benefits and costs
This document summarizes the costs and benefits of investment in agricultural research and development (R&D) in Haiti. It describes the current problems with food security and low agricultural productivity in Haiti. The solution proposed is establishing an agricultural research institution to transfer new technologies to farmers, with annual spending of $15.13-$36.50 million. Models estimate this investment could increase crop yields by over 100% and lead to a 55-66% rise in rice production by 2040. Discounted benefits are projected to be $719-$871 million by 2050, exceeding costs, indicating agricultural R&D is socially beneficial for Haiti.
Growing commercial dairying in pre-commercial areas [Tanzania]ILRI
Presented by Amos Omore at the African Green Revolution Forum Working Session on Transforming Dairy Value Chains in Africa: Pathways to Prosperity, Nairobi, 8 September 2016
The document analyzes three potential interventions to address Haiti's rice market problems:
1. Raising the tariff on imported rice to 20% would hurt many urban consumers while only marginally benefiting fewer rural producers.
2. Subsidizing 50% of fertilizer costs could significantly increase rice yields and producer surplus, but would be difficult to implement without diversion of subsidies.
3. A crop insurance program that compensates farmers for regional yield losses could encourage investment and risk-taking, but the farmers' response is uncertain. On average, the fertilizer subsidy appears to have the highest estimated benefits compared to costs of the three options.
Gerald Mutinda, Regional Manager, East Africa Dairy Devt ProjectCatchTalk.TV
This document summarizes the East Africa Dairy Development Project, which aimed to double incomes for smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda. It did this by establishing dairy hubs - centers where farmers could access services like artificial insemination, veterinary care, inputs, and sell their milk. Over 200,000 farmers joined cooperatives that used these hubs. As a result, milk production increased from less than 20 million liters annually to over 340 million liters. Farmers' incomes increased from less than $5 million to over $103 million in payments. The hubs proved an effective model for unlocking rural economies by attracting investment and stimulating employment.
Hub models to transform dairy value chains in East AfricaILRI
The document discusses the East Africa Dairy Development (EADD) Hub approach for transforming dairy value chains in East Africa. Some key findings are that the hub approach implemented in 3 countries led to a 124% increase in household dairy income on average. 82 hubs have been supported so far, with 17 hubs graduating towards sustainability. Lessons learned include promoting hubs as facilitators not implementers, tailoring hubs to different contexts, strong governance being key to sustainability, and increasing private sector engagement and inclusion of women and youth.
Strengthening developing-country seed systems and markets. Policy trade-offs,...IFPRI-PIM
Presentation by David Spielman (IFPRI) at the PIM Webinar held on 25 October 2017. See more here: http://pim.cgiar.org/2017/09/29/webinar-strengthening-developing-country-seed-systems-and-markets-policy-trade-offs-unintended-consequences-and-operational-realities/
Africa RISING systems research experiencesafrica-rising
Africa RISING conducted systems research at sites in Ghana, Ethiopia, Malawi, and Tanzania to identify options for sustainable intensification of crop and livestock production. The research evaluated interventions to improve productivity, nutrition, natural resource management, and household incomes. Farm types were defined in each country based on characteristics like household endowments. Integrated research approaches included crop-livestock trials, testing intercropping systems, and intensifying maize-groundnut-pigeon pea systems. Partnering with development organizations helped scale technologies to more households. Lessons indicated a need for more whole-systems and gender-sensitive research, cross-disciplinary linkages, and innovation platforms to enhance communications and impact.
This document outlines several objectives and challenges related to agriculture in Odisha, India. The objectives are to create a shared vision for stakeholders in the sector, address issues undermining investment, ensure access and participation, optimize resources, foster competitiveness and growth, and build partnerships. Key challenges include a lack of storage, transportation, market information, and credit, as well as natural disasters, improper water management, soil degradation, and labor shortages. The document calls for common trading platforms and more efficient use of government resources and technology to help address these issues in Odisha's agricultural system.
Prepared by:
Lead Authors
Walter de Boef, Marja Thijssen, Boudy van Schagen, and Tom van Mourik
Contributors
Tofa Abdullahi, Godwin Atser, Isabelle Baltenweck, Jens-Peter Barnekow Lillesø, Zewdie Bishaw, Elohor Diebiru-Ojo, Carlo Fadda, Alessandra Galie, Sita Ghimire, Lars Graudal, Aynalem Haile, Jon Hellin, Ramni Jamnadas, Alpha Kamara, Karen Marshall, Margaret McEwan, Adamu Molla, Baloua Nebie, Kwame Ogero, Chris Ojiewo, Lucky Omoigui, Michael Peters, Srinivasulu Rajendran, Cristiano Rossignoli, Lateef Sanni, Kelvin Mashisia Shikuku, Reuben Solomon, David Spielman, Abiro Tigabie, and Aboubacar Toure
Partnerships for sustainable intensification research in Africaafrica-rising
Presented by Mateete Bekunda, Asamoah Larbi, Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon (IITA) and Kindu Mekonnen (ILRI) at the ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Annual Meeting, Phoenix, USA, 7 November 2016
IFPRI- CSISA organized a one day high level policy roundtable on Sustainable Intensification in India’s Risk-Prone Ecologies: Investment strategies for productivity growth, resource conservation, and climate risk management” on May 19, 2014 in New Delhi.
This roundtable, brings together a high-level small group of individuals from the corporate, government, and research sectors to address one of India’s most urgent challenges to food security and economic growth—how to encourage private sector investment in accelerating productivity growth in India’s risk-prone ecologies while simultaneously conserving the environment.
There are solutions already in farmers’ fields and rural markets that respond to these challenges, and this Roundtable will highlight recent advances, for example: innovative financial products and information services for small-scale farmers; diagnostic tools for managing water and soil nutrient scarcity; custom-hired resource-conserving machinery for small farms; crop diversification and high-value marketing strategies; and stress-resistant wheat and rice varieties. But the search for solutions is far from complete. This Roundtable is meant to engage participants in a rapid-fire discussion of recent technical solutions in Indian agriculture, the prospects for policy change, and corporate outlooks for the next five years. The purpose is to help public and private sector players to identify common investment strategies, forge partnerships, and chalk out collaborative efforts to effect technological, market, and policy improvements in India’s risk prone ecologies.
Livelihoods- Mantra for promoting lakhpatiAyan Deb
The document provides background information on the Lakhpati Kisan Smart Village initiative in Central India. The initiative aims to bring 1.1 lakh households out of poverty by providing livelihood interventions, education, water and sanitation support over five years with an investment of Rs. 65,000 per household. Key interventions include promoting livelihoods like agriculture, livestock, irrigation and non-timber forest products. Through prototyping various livelihood models, the average annual household income has increased from Rs. 19,000 in 2007-08 to over Rs. 53,000 in 2012-13. The initiative focuses on establishing self-help groups, village organizations and producer companies to drive local development processes and ensure the impact is
Agriculture in Niger (one of the poorest nations) is the main source of livelihood accounting for 38% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 94% of labor force. About 62% of households live below the poverty line (less than US$1 per/day). Despite donor and government investments in R&D during the last 30 years, the aggregate impacts of agricultural research in Niger are limited, and food insecurity remains widespread. There is a need to reassess agricultural research priorities and development interventions to transform the agricultural sector.
The new role of SLU in the CGIAR Livestock and Fish Research Program ILRI
The document discusses the new role of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) in collaborating with the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish (L&F). Over several years, SLU and L&F engaged in discussions to identify areas of common interest for strategic partnership. They agreed to prioritize research on herd health for ruminants and pigs, including infections and reproductive health. Two additional areas were identified for further exploration: feed and forages, as well as animal genetics. The partnership aims to apply SLU's holistic approach to herd health within L&F programs and leverage SLU's expertise in feed utilization, forage breeding, and bioinformatics.
FEAST: Why, What, When, Where …. So What, What Next? ILRI
Presented by Alan J Duncan, Luke York, Ben Lukuyu, Arindam Samaddar, Werner Stür and Peter Ballantyne at the FEAST e-Learning Materials Launch, Addis Ababa, 22 May 2015
Characterisation of food security and consumption patterns among livestock ke...ILRI
Presented by Francis Wanyoike, Sirak Bhata and Hikuepi Katjiuongua at the Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production, Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015.
Disease prevalence at household level in smallholder livestock production sys...ILRI
Presented by Katjiuongua, H., Mbeha, B., Ntesang, K., Hendrickx, S. and Marobela, C. at the Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production, Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
Regional trade opportunities for Botswana’s livestock sector (the small stock...ILRI
Presented by J. Tsoro Maiketso and Masedi Motswapong at the Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production, Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
Meat preservation technologies in Kenya’s pastoral areas with potential for m...ILRI
Presented by Josphat Gichure, Catherine Kunyanga, Pius Mathi and Jasper Imungi at the Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production, Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
Assessment of feed and feeding systems in the beef value chains in BotswanaILRI
1) The document summarizes a study on livestock production systems in Botswana, which has a cattle population of 2.2 million with 80% in communal systems.
2) It finds that in both communal and commercial systems over 90% of cattle feed comes from rangelands, and assesses local feed resources in 19 extension areas.
3) Major constraints to livestock production identified across study sites include poor quality/insufficient grazing areas and water, high feed costs, livestock diseases and predators, and low meat prices.
Leveraging instructional design and learning theories to improve productivit...ILRI
The document summarizes ILRI's efforts to improve training on their Feed Assessment Tool (FEAST) for smallholder farmers in Africa. ILRI developed FEAST to help assess local feed resources and optimize animal production, but found users struggled with applying it after traditional in-person training. ILRI's new learning development initiative aims to more effectively train partner staff through: 1) Redesigned classroom materials and online tutorials, 2) A focus on building research, computer, reporting, and project management skills, and 3) Evaluating the training's effectiveness in improving access to livestock feed. The goal is to measurably boost smallholder farmer productivity and incomes through better training.
Alternative futures for Kenya’s national parks and wildlife reservesILRI
Presented by R. Lilieholm, M. Johnson, s. Meyer, R. Boone, R. Reid, J. Worden, D. Nkedianye, M. Said, S. Kifugo, D. Kaelo and J. Stabach, University of Nairobi, Kenya, 14 March 2014
Land use, biodiversity changes and the risk of zoonotic diseases: Findings fr...ILRI
Presented by B. Bett, M. Said, R. Sang, S. Bukachi, J. Lindahl, S. Wanyoike, E. Ontiri, I. Njeru, J. Karanja, F. Wanyoike, D. Mbotha and D. Grace at the 49th Kenya Veterinary Association annual scientific conference, Busia, Kenya, 22-25 April 2015.
Climate change and smallholder households across multiple dimensions: percept...ILRI
Presentation delivered by Silvia Silvestri during a seminar organized by the Livestock Systems and Environment Program at ILRI Nairobi on 20 November 2014
The use of sweet potato residues as feed in rural and peri-urban smallholder ...ILRI
Presented by D. Pezo, E.A. Ouma, M. Dione, P. Lule, B. Lukuyu, N. Carter and G. Kyalo at the Community of Practice (CoP) on Sweet potato Marketing, Processing and Utilization Meeting, Nairobi, 20 -21 May 2015
Is my vaccination program working? Vaccine effectiveness: measuring vaccine p...ILRI
The document discusses methods for evaluating the effectiveness of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines in the field. It describes traditional methods like challenge studies and serological evaluation that have limitations. It then focuses on evaluating vaccine effectiveness by comparing disease incidence in vaccinated versus unvaccinated populations during an FMD outbreak. The method calculates vaccine effectiveness as the percentage reduction in incidence observed in vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated. It provides an example calculation and discusses factors that can affect vaccine effectiveness estimates like pathogen exposure levels. Adjusting for confounding factors through study design and analysis is also addressed.
Livestock, livelihoods and the future of India’s smallholder farmersILRI
Smallholder farmers in India produce much of the country's livestock and dairy, contributing significantly to agricultural GDP and livelihoods. Rising global and domestic demand for livestock products presents opportunities but also risks. If met through imports or industrialization, it could harm the Indian economy, environment, and many livelihoods. However, transforming smallholder livestock systems sustainably could help millions improve production and livelihoods, maintaining India's economic growth. The conference aimed to discuss actions supporting smallholders to meet future demand for animal-source foods in an equitable and sustainable manner.
Progress on gender research in the Tanzania value chain in 2014 and 2015ILRI
This document summarizes gender research related to dairy value chains in Tanzania conducted between 2014 and 2015 by the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish. It describes several projects with gender components, including MoreMilkiT, the Crops and Goats project, and East Africa Dairy Development 2. It also outlines strategic research conducted on topics such as gender issues in dairy value chains, the effectiveness of hub approaches, gender perceptions of resource ownership, empowerment, transforming gender norms, policy tools, nutrition, feeds and forages, climate change, and capacity development. The document proposes next steps and areas of future research to further understanding of gender dynamics within dairy value chains in Tanzania.
CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish, Value for MoneyCGIAR
CGIAR is a global partnership focused on research for food security. It works on improving small-scale livestock and fish production systems to better meet the needs of poor people. Key approaches include taking a whole value chain perspective, focusing on select chains with potential for pro-poor transformation, and working with partners on integrated interventions. Research addresses constraints in smallholder dairy, sheep/goat, pig, and aquaculture systems. The goal is to increase productivity in a sustainable and equitable manner to improve poor people's access to affordable animal-source foods.
ILRI's strategy focuses on using livestock research to improve food security and reduce poverty in Africa. It has three strategic objectives: 1) develop and promote sustainable, scalable practices that improve lives through livestock; 2) provide scientific evidence to persuade decision-makers to invest more in livestock; and 3) increase stakeholders' capacity to make better use of livestock science and investments. Key research areas include addressing the biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systems, managing vulnerability and risk in drylands, improving food safety and addressing aflatoxins, advancing vaccine biosciences, and mobilizing biosciences to achieve food security in Africa. ILRI aims to prove livestock's potential, influence investment, and ensure sufficient capacity to effectively use
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
Integrating Nutrition in Agriculture in SenegalTeresa Borelli
The project aims to reduce malnutrition by adopting a multi-pronged approach that addresses sustainable agricultural production, access to safe drinking water and improving markets and food governance
Accelerating sustainable smallholder dairy value chain development in TanzaniaILRI
Presented by Lusato R. Kurwijila, Sokoine University of Agriculture, at the CGIAR Livestock CRP and GASL joint side event on national partnerships for sustainable livestock systems at the 7th All-Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Accra, Ghana, 30 July 2019
Influencing pro-poor livestock development: Livestock master plans for Ethiop...ILRI
The document discusses livestock master plans (LMPs) created for Ethiopia and Tanzania to influence pro-poor livestock development. The process of creating LMPs is consultative, engaging experts and stakeholders to achieve buy-in. LMPs seek to transform the livestock sector through more productive breeds, better feed and forage, and enhanced animal health. Main livestock value chains considered include dairy cattle, poultry, red meat, and pork. Cross-cutting activities to support these value chains include improved animal health, feed, genetics, and policy.
This document discusses strategies for improving livestock extension services in India. It notes that current extension activities are sporadic and poorly organized, failing to meet the needs of most livestock farmers. It recommends strengthening pluralistic extension involving both public and private agencies. Specific strategies include improving research-extension linkages, capacity building through training programs, developing gender-sensitive extension practices, leveraging infrastructure and public-private partnerships, and incorporating information and communication technologies. The goal is to close the knowledge gap between farmers and the latest livestock production technologies.
Poster prepared by Alan Duncan and Ben Lukuyu for the 7th Multi-Stakeholder Partnership meeting of the Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock, Addis Ababa, 8-12 May 2017
Key constraints to smallholder village chicken production and marketing syste...ILRI
Poster by Michel Dione, Guy Ilboudo, Robyn Alders, Assèta Kagambèga, Sidonie Ima, Claudia Ganser, Ziynet Boz and Theodore Knight-Jones prepared for the 2nd Pan-African Poultry Conference, Lomé, Togo, 16–18 May 2023.
And what should we do today? Developing a research-for-development agenda for...ILRI
The document discusses opportunities for livestock research to support development goals in developing countries. It identifies three trajectories for livestock systems - "strong growth", "fragile growth", and "high growth with externalities" - and discusses opportunities within each trajectory. For systems with strong growth, research could focus on sustainable intensification and market access. For fragile systems, research could enhance resilience. For high-growth systems, managing environmental and health risks is a priority. The document advocates for research with stakeholders and a theory of change to achieve impact at scale.
This document summarizes the work of an organization over 25 years empowering rural and tribal women in India by addressing factors contributing to their poverty. The organization enhanced production through scientific cultivation methods and value addition, diversified livelihoods through compatible enterprises, and strengthened market linkages. This approach was implemented for lac production, poultry, and goat rearing in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, benefiting over 20,000 women. Impacts included increased skills, knowledge, incomes, and decision making power for women as well as environmental benefits from tree planting. The organization aims to further scale up by strengthening monitoring, adding more products, promoting producer groups, and linking women to relevant government schemes.
This document summarizes the work of an organization over 25 years empowering rural and tribal women in India by addressing factors contributing to their poverty. The organization enhanced production through scientific cultivation methods and value addition, diversified livelihoods through compatible enterprises, and strengthened market linkages. This approach was implemented for lac production, poultry, and goat rearing in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, benefiting over 20,000 women. Impacts included increased skills, knowledge, incomes, and decision making power for women as well as environmental benefits from tree planting. The organization aims to further scale up by strengthening monitoring, adding more products, promoting producer groups, and linking women to relevant government schemes.
The Livestock CRP: A program to translate livestock research into impactILRI
The Livestock CRP aims to translate livestock research into impact through integrated interventions and scaling. It brings together 5 research centers to work on livestock genetics, health, feeds, forages, and value chains in 4 priority countries. One example is a project in Uganda developing the pork value chain through a multi-stakeholder platform to stimulate business and conduct research on production, health including African Swine Fever, and food safety. The overall goal is to increase sustainable production and supply of nutritious animal-source foods and improve incomes and resilience of smallholder livestock farmers.
Review of small ruminants value chain impact pathways developed for EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Barbara Rischkowsky (ICARDA) at the Livestock and Fish Small Ruminant Change Pathway Validation Workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 3-4 March 2015
LIVES dairy value chain development: Distinguishing between fluid milk and bu...ILRI
Presented by Dirk Hoekstra, Azage Tegegne, Berhanu Gebremedhin, Aklilu Bogale and Yasin Getahun at the 21st Annual Conference of Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), Addis Ababa, 28-30 August 2013
Ensuring livestock livelihoods and animal source food securityILRI
The document discusses trends in the global livestock sector and the role of smallholder producers in developing countries. It makes three key points:
1) Demand for animal-source foods will continue rising significantly in developing countries, where most production already occurs among smallholder farmers who both produce and consume locally.
2) Smallholder livestock systems present opportunities to address technical constraints around health, feed, genetics, and markets to boost production in a sustainable way that benefits livelihoods.
3) Coordinated efforts to improve smallholder and commercial systems can expand the supply of animal-source foods while transforming rural development.
The Centre for Sustainable Agriculture (CSA) is a non-profit organization based in Telangana, India that works to promote organic and sustainable farming practices. Over the past 10 years, CSA has worked with farmers and state governments in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, and Chhattisgarh to establish community-managed sustainable agriculture programs covering over 200,000 hectares. CSA has also helped form 14 agricultural cooperatives with over 1,500 member farmers. The organization provides training, resources and market support to help farmers transition to organic practices and improve their incomes.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Leveraging the benefits of increasing market demand for meat in the interest of small ruminant rearers
1. Leveraging the Benefits of Increasing Market
Demand for Meat in the Interest of Small
Ruminant Rearers
Meeta Punjabi Mehta
Creative Agri Solutions Pvt. Ltd. (CASPL)
Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production
Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
2. Objective of the Presentation
• While there is significant development literature emphasizing the
livelihood aspects of small ruminants, there is relatively less
discussion on the meat demand supply aspects
• Very few academic work/studies have been undertaken on
understanding the demand aspects of meat.
• The objective of the study undertaken on behalf of BMGF was to
link the small ruminants development initiatives to demand-supply
aspects
• The focus of the study is on the i) Projected Demand-Supply
Gap, ii) Implications for Livelihoods and iii) Key
Recommendations for Policy Makers
3. Implications for Livelihoods
• Almost 89 percent of the goat population in India is owned by about
50 million small holders rearing 2-3 goats, serving as a moving bank to
be used at times of emergency.
• Goats are largely reared on extensive system using common resources,
forest land and crop residues; investments from public or private sector
have been very minimal.
• While income from small ruminants is largely used to supplement
the household income, it has the potential to become an
important contributor to household income by strengthening the
support system
• Small holders are willing to invest to grow their herd size (study survey):
– Average herd size in Bihar was 3.6 goats, 65 percent of the goat
rearers expressed interest in enhancing the goat herds to 6-10 goats.
– Average herd size in Odisha is 4.8, 68% expressed interest in
increasing the herd size to larger than about 20 goats.
4. Constraint Issues Intervention
Stake
holder
BREED
DEVELOP-
MENT
• Breeding policy of small
ruminants is either absent or very
generalised.
Develop a sound breeding policy
based on scientific information and
improve implementation
DAH
• High prevalence of non descript
breeds,
• limited access to good quality
breeding bucks,
• poor breeding practices at farmers
level.
Develop a and implement a
comprehensive approach to breed
development
NGO/
Donor
Agencies
HEALTH
• At village level health services are
either available from medical store
or from quacks.
• Improving coverage of animal
health services to small ruminants
by formalizing CAHWs in the
veterinary health system
DAH/
NGOs/Don
or Agencies
• Poor awareness and access to
vaccines and de-worming for
goats.
• Improve supply of
medicines/vaccines, cold chain
and diagnostic facilities at field
level as well as at state level
• Organize regular programs for
vaccination
DAH/
vaccine
manufacture
rs/
NGOs/Don
or
Recommendations for Policy Makers/Development
Projects
5. Constra
int
Issues Intervention
Stakeh
older
EXTEN-
SION
• Weak or non-existent extension system,
with narrow focus covering only large
ruminants.
• Develop a comprehensive policy for
enhancing extension services and
identify approaches to ensure
maximum outreach through ICT and
implementing partners
DAH/
NGO/
Donor
Agencies
FEED &
FODDE
R
• Reliance only on common pastures for
fodder due to limited land holdings;
seasonal constraints
• Lack of awareness on feed
management
• Develop a focused policy for fodder
management for small ruminants and
promote good feeding practices like
mineral mixtures supplementation
etc.
• Promote plantation of fodder trees
on bunds and wasteland of farmers
• Train farmers on best practices like
straw enrichment, azolla feed
supplementation, silage making to
improve quality of fodder for livestock
DAH/
Other
departm
ents
Recommendations for Policy Makers/Development
Projects
6. Constraint Issues Intervention
Stake
holder
MARKETING • Distress sale leading to sub-
optimal price realization
• Poor selling method through
weight estimation rather then
actual weighing of goats.
• No record of prices at various
levels
• Implement good practices like
weighing goats at sale points
• Link farmers with financial
institutions like SHG saving and
credit to avoid distress sale of goats
• Create the relevant market
infrastructure and link farmers and
buyers/traders.
• Formalize price system
Govt.
Agencies
/ NGO
HOUSING • Lack of proper housing facilities
leads to unhygienic conditions,
higher disease incidence and loss
due to adverse weather conditions.
• Create awareness on best practices in
shed construction like use of locally
available materials and raised flooring
within the shed.
• Support housing through schemes
DAH
Recommendations for Policy Makers/Development
Projects