This document summarizes gender research related to dairy value chains in Tanzania conducted between 2014 and 2015 by the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish. It describes several projects with gender components, including MoreMilkiT, the Crops and Goats project, and East Africa Dairy Development 2. It also outlines strategic research conducted on topics such as gender issues in dairy value chains, the effectiveness of hub approaches, gender perceptions of resource ownership, empowerment, transforming gender norms, policy tools, nutrition, feeds and forages, climate change, and capacity development. The document proposes next steps and areas of future research to further understanding of gender dynamics within dairy value chains in Tanzania.

1. Progress on gender research in the Tanzania value
chain in 2014 and 2015
Alessandra Galiè
Livestock and Fish Gender Team Meeting
Ascoli Piceno, Italy, 15-16 September 2014

2. L&F Value Chains: Focus on Tanzania

3. Projects with a gender component:
MoreMilkiT
Goal: inclusive and reduced poverty and vulnerability among
dairy-dependent livelihoods in selected rural areas in
Tanzania.
Gender component: Gender equity so that rural poor women
and men are more income secure through dairy market hubs

4. Projects with a gender component:
Crops and Goats project (CGP)
Goal: Improved household income, food security and
wellbeing of agro-pastoral communities through a dairy
goats crossbreeding programme and improved cassava
and sweet potato varieties for food and feed.
Gender component: to overcome constraints and take
advantage of opportunities to promote gender equality
and equity within project communities

5. Projects with a gender component:
East Africa Dairy Development 2
Goal: boost the milk yields and incomes of small-scale
farmers in Africa so they can lift their communities out of
hunger and poverty
ILRI’s gender component: to assess the effectiveness of the
gender strategy on the ground

6. Strategic research: Gender issues in dairy VC
• Report: ‘Gender experiences with dairy goat projects in
Tanzania’ - consultants
• Report: ‘ILRI’s experience with the CGP project in Tanzania from
a gender perspective’ – consultants
• Sep – Dec Paper ‘Emerging issues in dairy VC in TZ’ (consultant)
• 2015: At least 1 of the 2 reports above to become journal article
• 2015: Evidence to inform gender strategy
• 2015: Gender integrated in Best Bets
• 2015/2016: Gender dynamics and issues in consumer demands?
• 2015/2016: Study complementarity between dairy VCs?

7. Strategic research: Gender and hubs approaches
• Study: Effectiveness of EADD hubs approach in
involving women in Kenya and Uganda
• Article: Assessment of gender issues in the EADD
approach in Kenya and Uganda to inform hubs
approach in TZ – with Fulbright scholar
• 2015: Evidence to inform gender strategy
• 2015: Hubs approach further improved

8. Strategic research: Ownership
• Article: Galiè A., A. Mulema and A. M. Mora Benard: ‘Exploring
gender perceptions of resource ownership and their
implications for food security among 138 rural livestock
owners in Tanzania, Ethiopia and Nicaragua’. Submitted
• 2015: Comparison of evidence from other VC countries?
• 2015: Findings inform VC quantitative and qualitative tools

9. Strategic research: Empowerment and GTA
• Article: Galiè A. and P. Kantor: ‘From gender analysis to
transforming gender norms: using empowerment pathways to
enhance gender equity and food security in Tanzania’.
Forthcoming.
• Conference paper and presentation: Galiè A., P. Kantor 2014:
From gender analysis to transforming gender norms: using
empowerment pathways to enhance gender equity and food
security in Tanzania, paper for the Food Security Dialogue, May
1-2, University of Alberta, Canada.
• 2015: Global study - Gender norms and agency vis-à-vis
innovation in agriculture and NRM

10. Strategic research: Empowerment and GTA
• Social media strategy for CGP (consultant): encourage social
change in gender norms through social media
• Sep-Dec Gender and social media strategy for MoreMilkiT
• 2015: social media strategy implemented
• Tools:
• Empowerment and livestock survey tool drafted
• Oct empowerment tool used as baseline
• Oct-Nov: GTA tools tested
• 2015: Develop and utilize participatory empowerment
pathways approach

11. Strategic research: Policy
• Cross-CRP collaboration: initiated a dialogue, identified research
needs; defined collaboration with Signe (PIM)
• Seminar ‘African Dairy Value Chain Seminar’ incl. gender and
policy tools
• Tools: consultant to develop a paper on existing tools
• 2015: tools used to identify existing and needed policies that
enhance a gender equitable participation in the VC

12. Integrated research: Nutrition
• Tool: empowerment assessment tool and nutrition (with A4NH
and Emory)
• Study: Collaboration with SUA in CGP
• Proposal SPIA ‘Looking beyond income: impact of dairy hubs on
human nutrition in Tanzania’
• 2015 Proposal - Postdoctoral fellow on Gender, nutrition and
value chains – with A4NH and IFPRI

13. Integrated research:
Feeds and forages - Climate change
Feeds and forages
• Proposal: Sustainable intensification of crop-livestock systems
through improved forages in Tanzania - with CIAT to BMZ
• Proposal: A study to understand fodder markets and fodder
trading patterns in MoreMilkiT/MilkIT project sites in Tanzania
– to L&F
Climate change
• 2015 Proposal - Post Doctoral fellow on Climate Change
Adaptation and Mitigation in East Africa Dairy Supply Chains –
with CCAFS

14. Integrated research: suggested topics
• 2015: Some suggested topics - to be developed with KIT:
• Gender and empowerment (with CARE, SUA and Alberta)
• Gender and feeds: gender and intensive forage systems
• Gender and food security and grazing patterns (with SNV)
• Gender, land tenure policies and practices vis-à-vis engagement
in dairy VC
• Gender and breeding/health: baseline on division of labour

15. Capacity development and gender
• Co-developed and shared a questionnaire with
partners to assess their gender capacity needs.
• Sep – Dec 2015: Consultant hired to:
a) Enhance the gender capacity assessment tool
b) Use tool to identify partners’ gender gaps
c) Identify interventions based on assessment
d) Prepare and deliver appropriate training modules

16. CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
livestockfish.cgiar.org
CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR
Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems
in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.