Agriculture in Niger (one of the poorest nations) is the main source of livelihood accounting for 38% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 94% of labor force. About 62% of households live below the poverty line (less than US$1 per/day). Despite donor and government investments in R&D during the last 30 years, the aggregate impacts of agricultural research in Niger are limited, and food insecurity remains widespread. There is a need to reassess agricultural research priorities and development interventions to transform the agricultural sector.