This document discusses challenges in designing high-speed signal transmission for printed circuit boards, specifically for 28 Gbps SERDES channels. It summarizes efforts to reduce insertion loss and return loss through optimizations of the PCB stackup design, transmission path length, differential via design, and use of backdrilling techniques. Through electromagnetic simulation and analysis with HyperLynx tools, insertion loss was reduced below -2dB and return loss improved above -8dB, allowing reliable signal transmission at 28 Gbps data rates.
Analysis Increasing Network Signal of Dongleijsrd.com
This paper gives now a day's everywhere there is the need of internet. Everyone wants to access internet on mobile phones, system and laptops. Internet can be accessed on a system either wired or wireless. Internet dongle is used to access internet on systems wirelessly. The aim of this paper is increase network signal strength of dongle with increasing speed of internet
Improvement in Error Resilience in BIST using hamming codeIJMTST Journal
In the current scenario of IP core based SoC, to test the CUT we need to communication link between Circuit Under Test and ATPG, so before applying to actual DUT. If there is a problem with this link, there may be a lip in bit of test data. Compared to original test data, if there is a bit lip in the original data, the codeword may change and hence the decompressed data will have a large number of bit deviation. This deviation in bits can severely degrade the test quality and overall fault coverage which may affect yield. The error resilience is the capability of the test data to resist against such bit lips. Here in this paper, the earlier methods of error resilience is compared and a Hamming code based error resilience technique is proposed to improve the error resilience capacity of compressed test data. This method is applied on Huffman code based compressed test data of widely used ISCAS benchmark circuits. The fault coverage measurement results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The basic goal here is to survey the effect of bit lips on fault coverage and prepare a platform for further development in this avenue.
High Speed & RF Design and Layout: RFI/EMI Considerations (Design Conference ...Analog Devices, Inc.
At very high frequencies, every trace and pin is an RF emitter and receiver. If careful design practices are not followed, the unwanted signals can easily mask those a designer is trying to handle. The design choices begin at the architecture level and extend down to submillimeter placement of traces. There are tried and proven techniques for managing this process. The practical issues of real system design is covered in this session, along with ways to minimize signal degradation in the RF environment.
Comparing Copper and Fiber Options Data Centerrobgross144
In most data center designs there is a mixture of both copper and fiber infrastructure. This paper is not suggesting that one should replace the other, rather that each should be considered carefully with respect to the applications expected to be supported over the life of the data center. With varied capabilities of networking equipment and cabling options, a thorough analysis should be performed to plan the most cost effective data center infrastructure to maximize your return on investment.
Copper and glass securing the foundation of your 10 gigabit data centersmithponting
How much time and money would you save if you
could assure the performance of your data center’s
10 Gigabit Ethernet network, before you turned
up service? How much confidence would you gain
by knowing the 10 Gigabit cabling was installed
according to standards? This Whitepaper describes
changes 10 Gigabit Ethernet brings to the network
infrastructure and the specific steps you can take
to make your new data center network rock-solid.
Impact of twisting rate in 10 pairs of unshielded twisted-pair copper cables ...journalBEEI
An ultrafast digital subscriber line (DSL) technology called G.fast is important for ultrafast broadband Internet access services. In G.fast, the existing cable bundles installed for 250 m from the distribution point to the customer’s premises are used to support the gigabit data transmission (aggregated 1 Gbit/s) for frequency up to 106 MHz or 212 MHz. Since unshielded cable is used, and the frequency is 12 times higher compared to the very high-speed DSL2 (VDSL2), it is important to investigate the cable performance in terms of insertion loss and crosstalk coupling. In this paper, the impact of cable twisting rate on 10 pairs of unshielded twisted-pair copper cables for a small copper bundle on insertion loss and crosstalk coupling is investigated. A simulation model is developed based on the standard cable installed in Malaysia. The model reliability is validated by comparing the obtained result with the published result in the literature. Besides, the twisting rate of 100 m cable is manipulated by changing its lay size to determine its impact on insertion loss and crosstalk coupling. The results showed that a high twisting rate can reduce the far-end crosstalk but increase both the insertion loss and near-end crosstalk.
Analysis Increasing Network Signal of Dongleijsrd.com
This paper gives now a day's everywhere there is the need of internet. Everyone wants to access internet on mobile phones, system and laptops. Internet can be accessed on a system either wired or wireless. Internet dongle is used to access internet on systems wirelessly. The aim of this paper is increase network signal strength of dongle with increasing speed of internet
Improvement in Error Resilience in BIST using hamming codeIJMTST Journal
In the current scenario of IP core based SoC, to test the CUT we need to communication link between Circuit Under Test and ATPG, so before applying to actual DUT. If there is a problem with this link, there may be a lip in bit of test data. Compared to original test data, if there is a bit lip in the original data, the codeword may change and hence the decompressed data will have a large number of bit deviation. This deviation in bits can severely degrade the test quality and overall fault coverage which may affect yield. The error resilience is the capability of the test data to resist against such bit lips. Here in this paper, the earlier methods of error resilience is compared and a Hamming code based error resilience technique is proposed to improve the error resilience capacity of compressed test data. This method is applied on Huffman code based compressed test data of widely used ISCAS benchmark circuits. The fault coverage measurement results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The basic goal here is to survey the effect of bit lips on fault coverage and prepare a platform for further development in this avenue.
High Speed & RF Design and Layout: RFI/EMI Considerations (Design Conference ...Analog Devices, Inc.
At very high frequencies, every trace and pin is an RF emitter and receiver. If careful design practices are not followed, the unwanted signals can easily mask those a designer is trying to handle. The design choices begin at the architecture level and extend down to submillimeter placement of traces. There are tried and proven techniques for managing this process. The practical issues of real system design is covered in this session, along with ways to minimize signal degradation in the RF environment.
Comparing Copper and Fiber Options Data Centerrobgross144
In most data center designs there is a mixture of both copper and fiber infrastructure. This paper is not suggesting that one should replace the other, rather that each should be considered carefully with respect to the applications expected to be supported over the life of the data center. With varied capabilities of networking equipment and cabling options, a thorough analysis should be performed to plan the most cost effective data center infrastructure to maximize your return on investment.
Copper and glass securing the foundation of your 10 gigabit data centersmithponting
How much time and money would you save if you
could assure the performance of your data center’s
10 Gigabit Ethernet network, before you turned
up service? How much confidence would you gain
by knowing the 10 Gigabit cabling was installed
according to standards? This Whitepaper describes
changes 10 Gigabit Ethernet brings to the network
infrastructure and the specific steps you can take
to make your new data center network rock-solid.
Impact of twisting rate in 10 pairs of unshielded twisted-pair copper cables ...journalBEEI
An ultrafast digital subscriber line (DSL) technology called G.fast is important for ultrafast broadband Internet access services. In G.fast, the existing cable bundles installed for 250 m from the distribution point to the customer’s premises are used to support the gigabit data transmission (aggregated 1 Gbit/s) for frequency up to 106 MHz or 212 MHz. Since unshielded cable is used, and the frequency is 12 times higher compared to the very high-speed DSL2 (VDSL2), it is important to investigate the cable performance in terms of insertion loss and crosstalk coupling. In this paper, the impact of cable twisting rate on 10 pairs of unshielded twisted-pair copper cables for a small copper bundle on insertion loss and crosstalk coupling is investigated. A simulation model is developed based on the standard cable installed in Malaysia. The model reliability is validated by comparing the obtained result with the published result in the literature. Besides, the twisting rate of 100 m cable is manipulated by changing its lay size to determine its impact on insertion loss and crosstalk coupling. The results showed that a high twisting rate can reduce the far-end crosstalk but increase both the insertion loss and near-end crosstalk.
Negative image amplifier technique for performance enhancement of ultra wideb...IJECEIAES
The paper aims at designing of two stage cascaded ultra-wideband (UWB) low noise amplifier (LNA) by using negative image amplifier technique. The objective of this article is to show the performance improvement using negative image amplifier technique and realization of negative valued lumped elements into microstrip line geometry. The innovative technique to realize the negative lumped elements are carried out by using Richard’s Transformation and transmission line calculation. The AWR microwave office tool is used to obtain characteristics of UWB LNA design with hybrid microwave integrated circuit (HMIC) technology. The 2-stage cascaded LNA design using negative image amplifier technique achieves average gain of 23dB gain and low noise figure of less than 2dB with return loss less than -8dB for UWB 3-10GHz. The Proper bias circuit is extracted using DC characteristics of transistor at biasing point 2V, 20mA and discussed in detail with LNA layout. The negative image matching technique is applied for both input and output matching network. This work will be useful for all low power UWB wireless receiver applications.
This paper presents a novel approach for completely test enable feature and low-voltage delta– sigma analog-to-digital (A/D) converters for cutting edge wireless applications. Oversampling feature of ADCs and DACs is enough to meet the requirement related to in-band and adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) execution of 3G/4G portable radio. The quantization noise which is not filtered in ADC is addressed. We have achieved work power-optimization and test enable feature of oversampling ADC is uses in design and simulation so that the problem of quantization error in continues time sigma delta ADC is solved. This paper suggests support to designer for selecting appropriate topologies with various channel arrangements, number of bits and oversampling issues. A test enable feature of CT A/D is presented introducing the test signal generation (TSG) and the COrdinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) for evaluating the performance of ADC. This helps in addressing the challenge of 4G and upcoming 5G wireless radio. System level plan of a delta–sigma modulator ADC for 4G radios is studied.
The design & simulation of low noise amplifier for 1 2.8 ghz using aln s...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, we have designed low noise amplifier using 2 stage Cascade topology. We have focused on intermediate matching network design of amplifier for low noise figure and selection of transistor PHEMT is based on noise figure as well as quiescent point required for 0 grid voltage so that amplifier will need only single DC supply i.e. Vdd. Depends upon different topologies used for LNA design with wide band requirement, we chose cascaded topology for good gain with low noise amplifier and optimized for greater bandwidth. Practical inductors are bulky as well as counter intuitive elements for high frequency as they behave as capacitors and to reduce S11. Several windings in inductors make them resistive which increases noise by 0.2-0.4 dB. So we proposed inductor-less input matching network for both stages so that we can increase bandwidth as well as perfect match for low noise figure. This LNA is designed using Advanced Design System (ADS) software to provide 0.5 dB noise figure with power gain of 25 dB and 1-2.5 GHz Bandwidth. So it can be used an L-Band satellite modem that is used in an asset tracking application. Layout is designed using muruta manufacturing lumped components and Aluminum Nitride (AlN) substrate having high dielectric constant and high thermal conductivity. Key Words: LNA, PHEMT, ADS, AlN
A 10-BIT 25 MS/S PIPELINED ADC USING 1.5-BIT SWITCHED CAPACITANCE BASED MDAC ...IAEME Publication
The primary motivation of the work presented in this paper is to significantly reduce power consumption in pipe lined ADCs using Switched Capacitance based MDAC with Opamp Sharing configuration. ADC power reduction enables longer battery life in mobile applications, and lower cost packaging in wired applications.For conventional ADCs differential amplifiers dominate the power dissipation in most high-speed analog to digital conversion applications. This work presents a 9 stage, 10-bit Pipe lined ADC with Error Correction Algorithm which achieves the dynamic power consumption of 138.38 mW for 25 MS/s sampling rate at a 1.8V supply voltage in GPDK 180nm CMOS. All the sub-blocks to generate top level Pipe lined ADC have been designed in Cadence environment and simulated to output parameters in Cadence Spectre and MATLAB. Designed ADC achieves 63.17 dB SFDR, INL of 0.35 LSB and DNL of 0.5 LSB.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.