Sensors play an important role in vehicle safety and operation. The document discusses several key sensors in automobiles like steering angle sensors, airbag sensors, parking sensors, brake pedal position sensors, acceleration pedal position sensors and more. These sensors monitor critical components, detect obstacles, measure wheel speed, control automatic functions and help ensure safe driving.

1. SENSORS IN AUTOMOBILES

2. sensors
A sensor is an object whose purpose is to detect
events or changes in its environment, and then
provide a corresponding output. A sensor is a
type of transducer; sensors may provide various
types of output, but typically use electrical or
optical signals.

3. ADVANTAGES OF SENSOR
• Sensors help in monitoring the system/component
precisely.
• Sensor helps in attaining high control over
machines and provide high performance.
• Sensors help eradicate error, hazards and faults
of the system.
• Sensors helps in automatic operation of
equipment with less human efforts.

4. • Steering angle sensor
• Air bag sensor
• Brake pedal position sensor
• Accelerator pedal position sensor
• Blind spot sensor
• Adaptive Headlight sensor
• Throttle position sensor
• Rain sensor
• Parking sensor
• Passive wheel speed sensor

5. STEERING ANGLE SENSOR
The steering angle sensor is a critical
part of the electronic stability computer
system that measures the steering
wheel position angle and rate of turn. A
scan tool can be used to obtain this
data in degrees. The SAS is located in a
sensor cluster in the steering column.

6. AIR BAG SENSOR
An airbag is a type of vehicle safety
device. It is designed to inflate
extremely rapidly the quickly deflate
during a collision or impact with a
surface. It consists of the air bag
cushion, a flexible fabric bag, inflated
module and impact sensor.

7. PARKING SENSOR
Parking sensors are proximity sensors for road
vehicles designed to alert the driver to obstacles
while driving. These systems feature ultrasonic
proximity detectors to measure the distances to the
nearby object via sensors located in the front and
rear bumpers fascias or virtually minimized within
adjacent grills.

8. PASSIVE WHEEL SPEED SENSOR
The passive speed sensor creates its own AC
signal that changes frequency with wheel
speed.This signal is only present while the
wheel is turning at a rate fast enough to create
the AC signal. Vehicles equipped with passive
wheel speed sensors generally do not read
below 2mph coming from a dead stop. During a
wheel spin condition or under a condition
where one wheel is turning slower than other
three wheels the system will reduce hydraulic
brake pressure to allow that wheel to regain its
traction with the road surface.

9. BRAKE PEDAL POSITION
SENSOR
When depressing the brake pedal, the auto’s
hydraulics engage and slow or stop the vehicle. In
addition, two other functions can also occur, one of
which is critical to the operation of the vehicle-
disengaging of the cruise control. The other function
is to switch on the brake lights to alert other vehicles
that the car is slowing down and/or is going to stop.

10. ACCELERATION PEDAL POSITION SENSOR
The APP sensor is fixed to the throttle body of the
electronic throttle control system with intelligence
(ETCSi). The functional principle to the AAP sensor
involves conversion of the accelerator pedal
movement into a voltage signal.
The accelerator position information is transferred to
the throttle actuator control (TAC) module and the
powertrain control module (PCM). The accelerator
position sensor is made up of two individual sensors,
with both sensors designed to have individual sensor
return wiring and each have a varying voltage range.

11. BLIND SPOT SENSOR
Radar sensors in the rear monitor the area behind and
alongside the vehicle. This allows, within the system’s
limits, vehicles to be detected over a range of 20 meters.
The Blind Spot sensor works from 15 km/h and can alert the
driver by means of an LED indicator in the exterior mirror
where another vehicle or object is located in the warning
area. The system points out the potential hazard to the
driver by causing an LED to come on in the particular
exterior mirror. If the driver nevertheless signals to change
lane, the same LED starts to flash more brightly and draws
the driver’s attention to the hazard.

12. ADAPTIVE HEADLIGHT SENSOR
Automatic headlight range control ensures the best
headlight setting for illumination of the road ahead. It
automatically adjusts the angle of the beam to
compensate for your car’s load, stopping your lights
dazzling oncoming traffic. The control function
automatically adjusts the headlights’ angle of
inclination depending on the current vehicle load.

13. THROTTLE POSITION
SENSOR(TPS)
A TPS is a sensor used to monitor the throttle
position of a vehicle.The sensor is usually located on
the butterfly spindle /shaft so that it can directly
monitor the position of the throttle.

14. RAIN SENSOR
The rain sensor automatically regulates the windscreen
wiper speed according to the intensity of the rain.
The sensor is housed in the mount of the interior mirror. It
consists of a number of infrared LEDs and a central
photodiode. The light emitted by the LEDs is reflected by
the windscreen onto the photo sensor. The more drops of
water there are on the windscreen, the less light the sensor
receives. This information is relayed to an electronic control
unit, which adapts the wiper interval accordingly. There is
also a selector switch for individually adjusting the
sensitivity of the sensor.

15. CONCLUSION

16. THANK YOU