This document discusses electronic stability control (ESC) systems in vehicles. ESC uses sensors to detect loss of traction and reduce engine power or apply brakes to individual wheels to keep the vehicle going in the driver's intended direction. The document outlines the history and development of ESC from the 1980s to today. It describes how ESC systems work using sensors and control units to monitor vehicle behavior and intervene when needed to improve stability. The document also discusses studies showing ESC reduces crashes by 35% and could prevent over 10,000 fatal crashes annually in the US.

2. A computerized technology that improves
a vehicle's stability by detecting and
reducing loss of traction

3.  A physical process in which a force is
transmitted across an interface between two
bodies through dry friction
 The grip of a tyre on a road

4.  Material composition of each surface
 Macroscopic and microscopic texture
 Normal force pressing contact surfaces
 Contaminants at the material boundary, i.e. lubricants and adhesives
 Relative motion of tractive surfaces - a sliding object has less traction
than a non-sliding object
 Direction of traction - e.g., cornering, accelerating, and braking.

5.  It allows for higher acceleration at cornering
without wheel slippage
 Contact of wheels with ground increase
stability

6.  First iteration in 1980 by BMW
 Mercedes steps in, in 1992 with supplier Bosch
 Toyota introduces Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) in
1995
 General Motors begins introduces ESP in 1997
 European Union makes ESP mandatory in 2009

7. Tractive force
Brake pressure
Lateral force
Adhesion force

8. Yaw moment
Wheel and inertia
moments

9. Concept of Friction Circle
Radius of
friction circle
Resultant
force

10. Total force within
friction circle
Low lateral force
(s)
Total force=Brake
pressure

11.  Steering wheel angle sensor
 Yaw rate sensor
 Lateral acceleration sensor
 Wheel speed sensor
 Longitudinal acceleration sensor
 Roll rate sensor

12. It decides-
1. What wheel to brake or accelerate and to what
extent,
2. Whether engine torque is reduced and
3. Whether the gearbox control unit is activated on
vehicles with automatic gearbox.

13. Speed sensors
provide
continous
data
Control units
calculate
desired
steering
action
Lateral and
Yaw sensors
send
information
Calculates
actual state
of vehicle
If actual and
desired
values don’t
match, it
intervenes
Checks if
intervention
successful
If yes, ends
intervention
If no, repeats
intervention
cycle

14. Code Sensor name Location Function
J104
Control unit
Front right footwell
Processing,
monitoring,
commanding
G85
Steering angle
sensor
Between steering
column and wheel
Transfers steering
wheel angle to
control unit
G200
Lateral acceleration
sensor Below driver’s seat
Determines action
of lateral forces
on stability
G202 Yaw rate sensor Below driver’s seat Determines action
of torque
G201
Brake pressure
sensor
Connected to
hydraulic pump
Calculates wheel
braking forces
---- Button for ESP Dashboard Switch ESPon/off

15.  ESC reduces crashes by 35%- National Highway
and Traffic Safety Administration, USA
 Upto 10,000 fatal US crashes could be avoided
annually- US Institute for Highway Safety
 Improved vehicle handling reduces skids and
rollovers
 Induces rider confidence

16.  Available in Indian cars even under 10 lac
rupees:
 Ford Ecosport 1.5
 Hyundai i20
 Renault Duster
 Hyundai Verna
 Nissan Micra

17.  ESP to be mandated in Japan, Korea,
Russia, and Turkey in the coming years
 Developing of newer algorithms to tackle
problems like trailer sway, in the effect of
vehicle towing

18. India

19.  Life saving technology
 An aid to human, not a substitute to human
 Safe driving habits are must

20.  “Bosch InnoWaves”, News and Information for Customers of Bosch Automotive Technology OE
Sales & Marketing | Issue 20 | May 2014
 “Electronic Stability Programme”, Self-study Programme no. 204, 840.2810.23.20, Volkswagen
Technologies
 “Brief history of Electronic Stability System”,
 http://www.safetyresearch.net/blog/articles/brief-history-electronic-stability-controls-and-their-
applications
 “Bosch predicts acceptance of ESP in Indian Vehicles” http://www.autocarpro.in/news-
international/bosch-acceptance-esp-indian-vehicle-growing-percent-2021-6715
 "Real world crash evaluation of vehicle stability control (VSC) technology", G. Bahouth.
 "The Effectiveness of ESC (Electronic Stability Control) in Reducing Real Life Crashes and
Injuries", Anders Lie, Claes Tingvall, Maria Krafft, and Anders Kullgren, of the 19th Enhanced
Safety of Vehicles Conference, 2005
 The Greatest Advance in Safety Since Seatbelts, retrieved 2007-12-28
 "Traction Control System for Improved Driving Safety", SAE Technical Papers