The document discusses the history and applications of automotive electronics or "autotronics". It begins with an introduction defining autotronics as the combination of automobiles and electronics. The history section outlines major milestones from the 1970s introduction of engine controls to modern innovations in infotainment and connectivity. The body details various electronic systems in braking, steering, suspension, transmission, and engine/fuel systems. It concludes by discussing ongoing research in active safety systems, vehicle communication, and adaptive technologies.

1. PALKAR OMKAR SANTOSH
TE MECHANICAL
ROLL NO 10ME032
Guided By
Prof. R.R.Mane

2. AUTRONICS IN A VIEW

3. INTRODUCTION
 AUTOTRONICS= AUTOMOBILE + ELECTRONICS
 first electronic part in an automobile was called an ECU
(Engine control unit)
 Analysts estimate that more than 80 percent of all automotive
innovation now stems from electronics

4. HISTORY:
 TIMELINE:
 1970’s: Introduction of electronics for engine controls
 1980’s: Anti-lock braking introduced
 Early 1990’s: Airbags become standard
 Late 1990’s: Rapid expansion of body electronics – seat motors (body
 Computers), instrument panel lighting, auto locking systems and
keyless entry
 Early 2000’s to date: infotainment, including sophisticated audio and
video ; Signals sent via satellite (such as the OnStar System); GPS and
mapping Capabilities; satellite radio
 Late 2000’s: Steer-by-wire, wireless connectivity

5.  This seminar describes automobile applications of
autotronics in following domains:
• Braking system
 Steering system
 Suspension system
 Transmission system
 Engine (fuel intake)

6. Braking system
 EBS increases traffic safety through
reduced stopping distance and improved
brake stability.
 Functions In ECB:
 Anti-lock braking system (ABS):
 Traction control system (TCS)
 Brake lining wear control

7.  ABS:
 ABS is an acronym for anti-lock braking system. First developed and
patented in 1936, ABS is actually derived from the German term "anti
blockier system."
 Anti-lock brakes are designed to prevent skidding and help drivers
maintain steering control during an emergency stopping situation
 Difference between ABS & Traction Control
 ABS
manage the grip of the tires for braking maneuver
 Traction Control
manage the grip of the tires for accelerating maneuver

8. STEERING SYSTEM
 The self-alignment estimation
control uses both the EPS sensor
information and internally
programmed EPS control
 Speed sensitive steering system:
Speed sensitive steering system
is used to control the power
steering pump pressure in relation to vehicle speed.
 Below 10mph (16km/h) the computer operates the steering
 This action reduces the steering effort during low speed maneuver and
parking.

9.  Electrically powered steering
uses an electric motor to drive
either the power steering
hydraulic pump or the steering
directly.
 steering sensor" is located
on the input shaft where
it enters the gearbox housing.
 An interface circuit that
same housing converts the
signals from the torque sensor and rotation sensor into signals.
 The vehicle motion estimation control uses the steering angular
velocity information internally programmed in the EPS system.
 This control helps improve yaw damping of the vehicle at higher speeds
on the road.
 Sensors
 Accelerating sensor ,displacement sensors, Steering wheel position

10. SUSPENSION SYSTEM
 suspension systems in most vehicles on the road today are passive.
 Shock absorbers help to dissipate the energy applied to the springs and
damp the oscillations .
 Active Roll Control Systems :
 Vehicles lean when cornering due to the weight transfer imposed by
lateral acceleration. Factors contributing to the roll angle of the vehicle
include vehicle height and suspension stiffness.
 ARC system uses hydraulic and electronic technology to the vehicle roll
angle in cornering, which improves handling.

11. The active roll control system contains
 Control module,
 Accelerometer,
 Speed sensor,
 Fluid reservoir,
 Electrohydraulic pump,
 Pressure control valve,
 Directional control valve,
 A hydraulic actuator in both the
front and rear stabilizer bars .

12. TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
 Mainly it controls the shifting process of the gears.
 Electronically controlled transmissions were introduced on BMW
products in 1986 on 5 and7 series vehicles.
 The TCM also adapts to changing conditions within the transmission
by monitoring slip ratios .
 The TCM controls the operation of the Lock-Up Torque Converter
which further increases economy
 ADVANTAGES:
 Increased fuel economy
 Improved shift comfort
 Increased driving safety

13. Electronic Fuel Injection
 EFI system electronically
meters the fuel so that the
exact amount needed is provided
to the engine.
 EFI uses to fuel to power the
engine by pumping it forcibly
by using high pressure through a
small nozzle or valve.
 A high-pressure fuel pump that produces high fuel
pressures (5 to 12 MPa)

14. ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL
 It automatically adjusts the
vehicle speed and distance to
that of a target vehicle.
 ACC uses a long range radar
sensor to detect a target
vehicle up to 200 meters in
front of vehicle.
 As per standard cruise control
the driver can override the system at any time.
 Another advantage of this system is that the driver will not exceed the
speed limit on the highway.

15. Airbags
 The air bag technology is based on electronic sensors that measure the
amount of quick deceleration through an accelerometer
 The new calculations will take into account the position of the seats, the use
of a seat belt and the weight of the occupants.

16. Latest research
 Active bumper system,
 active hood lift system,
 vehicle to vehicle communication
 Camber thrust in F 1 vehicles
 Global Positioning System
 Rain sensing wipers
 Adaptive light system

17. CONCLUSION
 we briefly presented current and future vehicular
electronics system
 an approach that uses modern technique to solve most of
the local vehicular problems.
 the automobile industry and will likely continue as people
always want and expect more from their cars.