Sky Bus is a suspended railway system invented by Indian technologist Er. B Raja Ram as an eco-friendly and economical mass transit solution. It operates along roadways within city limits, parallel to traffic. Sky Bus aims to address challenges of urban transportation by being pollution-free, affordable, and connecting points directly with virtually no wait times in air conditioned coaches. It is safer than other transit systems as the suspended coaches cannot derail or collide. The technology has been tested and proven according to international safety standards. Sky Bus can be constructed faster and at around half the cost of other transit options like metros.
India is one of the leading developing countries in the world community today. But, the main obstacle it is facing is its large population and mass transportation. One of the most important aspects where our country is concentrating to work on, for its development is mass transportation. Mass transportation plays a vital role as we always have to think about moving of a large population in very denser area. That's why our Government is planning to implement the new technologies in mass public transportation. There are many new technologies in mass transportation such as Metro rail, Mono Rail, Underground railway, Sky bus Technology, Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) etc. In this seminar, we aim to explore Sky Bus Technology.
India is one of the leading developing countries in the world community today. But, the main obstacle it is facing is its large population and mass transportation. One of the most important aspects where our country is concentrating to work on, for its development is mass transportation. Mass transportation plays a vital role as we always have to think about moving of a large population in very denser area. That's why our Government is planning to implement the new technologies in mass public transportation. There are many new technologies in mass transportation such as Metro rail, Mono Rail, Underground railway, Sky bus Technology, Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) etc. In this seminar, we aim to explore Sky Bus Technology.
The presentation contains all the information related to bullet train you need for the Economic presentation. Please let us know if need any changes. Do share and comment.
Why it’s Needed?
Traffic congestion-insufficient road development-growing number of vehicles.
Low speed, increased accident rates, increased fuel consumption, and increased pollution.
Impossible to build enough new roads or to meet the demand.
These explore the concepts that treat highway systems and the vehicles that use them as integrated system. Among them is the concept of Intelligent Transportation Systems.
The goal of I T S is to improve the transportation system to make it more efficient and safer by use of information, communications and control technologies.
India is going through a period of drastic change in the transportation area due to:
Rapidly growing economy.
Insufficient and inadequate public transportation system.
Rising vehicle ownership levels.
ITS PARTS
I T S ARCHITECTURE
· Framework for planning, defining, and integrating intelligent transportation systems.
Benefits of Architecture
Reduces time and resources required to integrate the technologies to local needs
Helps identify agencies and jurisdictions & seeks their participation
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Effective and efficient operation of transit systems relies on a communications infrastructure and vehicle-based communications technologies.
Communications systems are used to transmit voice and data between transit vehicles and operation centers, and to transmit commands between operators and technologies.
Transit communications systems are comprised mostly of wireless technologies and applications.
FLEET MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
These includes separate technologies often are combined in various software packages, which allow for the integration of many different transit functions.
GIS allows transit agencies to accurately track where demand is located in their service area.
APPLICATIONS OF I T S
ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION(E T C)
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM(G P S)
ADVANCED TRAVELLER INFORMATION SYSTEM(ATIS)
IN-VEHICLE TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEM
AUTOMATIC PASSENGER COUNTER
ADVANTAGES OF I T S
Improved safety
Better traffic flow
Lower travel cost
Better environmental quality
Increased business activity
Greater user acceptance
Better travel information
Better planning information
DISADVANTAGES OF I T S
Difficult to use in mixed traffic
Preliminary difficulties in understanding
ITS equipments costly
The control system software could be hacked by hackers
www.wikipedia.com
www.answers.com
www.howstuffworks.com
www.tech-faq.com
www.thetravelinsider.info
http://www.itsoverview.its.dot.
http://www.transport systems.com
http://www.mountain-plains.org
This is really a good topic for seminar.
in this some information may be old for you by the time you receive this topic but then too i have tried to put recent informations bout this topic.since monorail technology is developing so fast .this may be called as one of the burning topics in civil engineering
INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM(ITS) PRESENTATION Mr. Lucky
It is a brief presentation on the topic of INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM(ITS). This is made by final year students of civil branch pursuing their B.tech. from Abdul Kalam Technical University.
In this presentation we try to include the basic methodologies and emerged technologies now a days in transportation system, and also the new concepts of blind turn safety and Spikes on roads at Traffic Signals.
Intelligent Transportation System ModifiedDurgesh Mishra
The term Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) refers to information and communication technology, applied to transport infrastructure and vehicles, that improve transport outcomes such as:
Transport Safety
Transport Productivity
Travel Reliability
Informed Travel Choices
Social Equity
Environmental Performance
Network Operation Resilience.
O Centro de Excelência em BRT Across Latitudes and Cultures (ALC-BRT CoE) promoveu o Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Workshop: Experiences and Challenges (Workshop BRT: Experiências e Desafios) dia 12/07/2013, no Rio de Janeiro. O curso foi organizado pela EMBARQ Brasil, com patrocínio da Fetranspor e da VREF (Volvo Research and Education Foundations).
The necessity of mobile train radio communication in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract Presently, India has the dubious distinction of recording an exponential number of train accidents as compared to its other developed counterparts. Though, no accident is completely avoidable, what can be done is to develop a certain technologically advanced machinery which can scale down the prospects of such accidents and expedite Disaster Management in case of any mishap. This would help to curtail the damage to life and property. The “Mobile Train Radio Communication (MTRC) “system is a dynamic and technologically avant-garde system based on the “Global System for Mobile Communication-Railways (GSM-R)” technology and it can play an intrinsic role in abbreviating train accidents by aiding effective communication. With the passage of time, India has shown its technological capability to the world, be it through the successful launch of the “Mangalyaan” in the very first attempt, the invention of various machines and electronic gadgets by the Engineers and Scientists across the country, the development of India as a nuclear power and so on. As Dr. D. Swaminadhan said in his speech, “Science and technology have been an integral part of Indian civilization and culture over the past several millennia”. India has the best of resources and technical minds available, through which it can move ahead of its other developed counterparts. As life is very precious, a major requirement of the present is to switch over to the “MTRC” system at the earliest. The railway accidents over the past decade cannot be neglected and the unfortunate events cannot be entirely reasoned as an event occurring out of chance. Trains are merely machines running on railway tracks and they cannot think of how to avoid accidents on their own. As B.F. Skinner rightly said “The real problem is not whether machines think, but whether men do”. It is up to the human beings to design and use an efficient system which can help the train driver and the station master to know about the possibility of any untoward hazard beforehand by developing effective communication between the concerned officials. Key Words: Train Communication, MTRC system , GSM-R Technology, Train Accident
The presentation contains all the information related to bullet train you need for the Economic presentation. Please let us know if need any changes. Do share and comment.
Why it’s Needed?
Traffic congestion-insufficient road development-growing number of vehicles.
Low speed, increased accident rates, increased fuel consumption, and increased pollution.
Impossible to build enough new roads or to meet the demand.
These explore the concepts that treat highway systems and the vehicles that use them as integrated system. Among them is the concept of Intelligent Transportation Systems.
The goal of I T S is to improve the transportation system to make it more efficient and safer by use of information, communications and control technologies.
India is going through a period of drastic change in the transportation area due to:
Rapidly growing economy.
Insufficient and inadequate public transportation system.
Rising vehicle ownership levels.
ITS PARTS
I T S ARCHITECTURE
· Framework for planning, defining, and integrating intelligent transportation systems.
Benefits of Architecture
Reduces time and resources required to integrate the technologies to local needs
Helps identify agencies and jurisdictions & seeks their participation
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Effective and efficient operation of transit systems relies on a communications infrastructure and vehicle-based communications technologies.
Communications systems are used to transmit voice and data between transit vehicles and operation centers, and to transmit commands between operators and technologies.
Transit communications systems are comprised mostly of wireless technologies and applications.
FLEET MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
These includes separate technologies often are combined in various software packages, which allow for the integration of many different transit functions.
GIS allows transit agencies to accurately track where demand is located in their service area.
APPLICATIONS OF I T S
ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION(E T C)
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM(G P S)
ADVANCED TRAVELLER INFORMATION SYSTEM(ATIS)
IN-VEHICLE TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEM
AUTOMATIC PASSENGER COUNTER
ADVANTAGES OF I T S
Improved safety
Better traffic flow
Lower travel cost
Better environmental quality
Increased business activity
Greater user acceptance
Better travel information
Better planning information
DISADVANTAGES OF I T S
Difficult to use in mixed traffic
Preliminary difficulties in understanding
ITS equipments costly
The control system software could be hacked by hackers
www.wikipedia.com
www.answers.com
www.howstuffworks.com
www.tech-faq.com
www.thetravelinsider.info
http://www.itsoverview.its.dot.
http://www.transport systems.com
http://www.mountain-plains.org
This is really a good topic for seminar.
in this some information may be old for you by the time you receive this topic but then too i have tried to put recent informations bout this topic.since monorail technology is developing so fast .this may be called as one of the burning topics in civil engineering
INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM(ITS) PRESENTATION Mr. Lucky
It is a brief presentation on the topic of INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM(ITS). This is made by final year students of civil branch pursuing their B.tech. from Abdul Kalam Technical University.
In this presentation we try to include the basic methodologies and emerged technologies now a days in transportation system, and also the new concepts of blind turn safety and Spikes on roads at Traffic Signals.
Intelligent Transportation System ModifiedDurgesh Mishra
The term Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) refers to information and communication technology, applied to transport infrastructure and vehicles, that improve transport outcomes such as:
Transport Safety
Transport Productivity
Travel Reliability
Informed Travel Choices
Social Equity
Environmental Performance
Network Operation Resilience.
O Centro de Excelência em BRT Across Latitudes and Cultures (ALC-BRT CoE) promoveu o Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Workshop: Experiences and Challenges (Workshop BRT: Experiências e Desafios) dia 12/07/2013, no Rio de Janeiro. O curso foi organizado pela EMBARQ Brasil, com patrocínio da Fetranspor e da VREF (Volvo Research and Education Foundations).
The necessity of mobile train radio communication in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract Presently, India has the dubious distinction of recording an exponential number of train accidents as compared to its other developed counterparts. Though, no accident is completely avoidable, what can be done is to develop a certain technologically advanced machinery which can scale down the prospects of such accidents and expedite Disaster Management in case of any mishap. This would help to curtail the damage to life and property. The “Mobile Train Radio Communication (MTRC) “system is a dynamic and technologically avant-garde system based on the “Global System for Mobile Communication-Railways (GSM-R)” technology and it can play an intrinsic role in abbreviating train accidents by aiding effective communication. With the passage of time, India has shown its technological capability to the world, be it through the successful launch of the “Mangalyaan” in the very first attempt, the invention of various machines and electronic gadgets by the Engineers and Scientists across the country, the development of India as a nuclear power and so on. As Dr. D. Swaminadhan said in his speech, “Science and technology have been an integral part of Indian civilization and culture over the past several millennia”. India has the best of resources and technical minds available, through which it can move ahead of its other developed counterparts. As life is very precious, a major requirement of the present is to switch over to the “MTRC” system at the earliest. The railway accidents over the past decade cannot be neglected and the unfortunate events cannot be entirely reasoned as an event occurring out of chance. Trains are merely machines running on railway tracks and they cannot think of how to avoid accidents on their own. As B.F. Skinner rightly said “The real problem is not whether machines think, but whether men do”. It is up to the human beings to design and use an efficient system which can help the train driver and the station master to know about the possibility of any untoward hazard beforehand by developing effective communication between the concerned officials. Key Words: Train Communication, MTRC system , GSM-R Technology, Train Accident
A Review on High Speed Rail Project between Ahmedabad and MumbaiIJSRD
Indian Railway Network is one of the largest rail networks of the world which connects all major and minor cities and it is one of the fastest and convenient options for travelling for the ordinary people. However, sad thing is that most of the fastest trains run on average speed of just 50 km/hr. Therefore, to save time and for the convenience of the people some better and suitable option should be introduced. Bullet trains are high speed trains offer economic and high speed travel which is a good option for the routine and solitary travelling people.
What is MRTS?
History
Role of Civil Engineers
Why MRTS?
Characteristics of MRTS
Network Design Parameters
Types of MRTS Networks
Types of MRTS
Bus Rapid Transit system
Case Study -1 : Ahmedabad BRTS
Metro Rail Transit System
Case Study-2 : Delhi Metro
Mono Rail Transit System
Light Rail Transport System
Impact
Mass rapid transit, also referred to as public transit, is a passenger transportation service, usually local in scope, that is available to any person who pays a prescribed fare.
It usually operates on specific fixed tracks or with separated and exclusive use of potential common track, according to established schedules along designated routes or lines with specific stops.
It is designed to move large numbers of people at one time.
Simulating Performance Impacts of Bus Priority Measures IDES Editor
Public transport has an important role to play in the
provision of reliable travel in congested conditions as it makes
excellent use of limited road space, carrying many more
passengers than a private car for a given amount of road space.
This paper involves study and analysis of various Bus Priority
Measures in terms of change in delay with respect to normal
intersection for the buses and also for whole traffic flow
(including buses and all other vehicles) with the help of results
of VISSIM simulation software for various volumes of traffic
flow. These measures can be applied to give buses priority to
make them a more attractive alternative to the private vehicles
and reducing road congestion.
THE POINT WISE TOPICS TO BE COVERED IN PRESENTATION AS BELOW
-Urban transport system of Jaipur metro
-System used in metro
-Regulation for metro construction and operation
-Fare structure and all other methods used in worldwide metros
-Visual report of metro station visit
Kolkata underwater metro project VISHAL PPT.pptximsuraj2309
The Kolkata underwater metro project is an innovative and ambitious infrastructure endeavor aimed at improving urban transportation in Kolkata, India. The project involves the construction of an underwater tunnel to connect important parts of the city and alleviate traffic congestion. To cover this topic comprehensively, I can provide a detailed overview including the project's history, objectives, engineering challenges, construction phases, technological aspects, environmental considerations, and anticipated impact on the city's transportation landscape. Let's dive in.
Overview of the Kolkata Underwater Metro Project
1. Introduction
The Kolkata underwater metro project is part of the Kolkata Metro Railway, operated by the Kolkata Metro Rail Corporation (KMRC). It aims to extend the metro rail network in the city by introducing an underwater section, a first of its kind in India.
2. Background
The idea of an underwater metro tunnel in Kolkata was conceived to address the growing congestion and limited transportation options in the city. The project was envisioned to provide a faster, more efficient, and eco-friendly mode of transportation.
3. Objectives
Enhance connectivity within Kolkata, particularly between the eastern and western parts of the city.
Reduce traffic congestion on the roads.
Provide a safe, reliable, and comfortable commuting option for residents.
Boost economic activities and development along the metro route.
Engineering and Design Aspects
1. Route and Stations
The underwater metro route stretches from Howrah Maidan to Salt Lake Sector V, covering approximately 16.6 kilometers. It includes a mix of elevated, underground, and underwater sections. Notable stations along the route include Howrah, Mahakaran, Esplanade, Sealdah, and Salt Lake Sector V.
2. Tunnel Construction
The underwater section involves the construction of a tunnel beneath the Hooghly River. This tunnel is approximately 520 meters long and runs at a depth of about 30 meters below the riverbed. Specialized engineering techniques such as tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are used for tunnel excavation and lining.
3. Technology and Safety
Advanced tunneling technology is employed to ensure the structural integrity and safety of the underwater tunnel.
Fire safety systems, emergency exits, and evacuation procedures are incorporated into the design to meet international safety standards.
Construction Phases and Challenges
1. Construction Timeline
The project has been implemented in phases, with each phase focusing on specific sections of the metro route. The underwater tunnel construction posed significant challenges due to the river's depth and the need for precision engineering.
2. Environmental Considerations
Special attention is given to environmental impact assessments and mitigation measures during construction. Measures such as sediment control, noise reduction, and waste management are implemented to minimize ecological disruption.
3. Engineering Challenges
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
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We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
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Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
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Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
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Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...
Seminar
1. Sky Bus
- A paradigm shift in Urban Transportation
M. Mayur
Abstract:
Sky bus is a modern suspended railway invented by Indian technologist, Er. B Raja
Ram. It is an eco – friendly, noise free and economical operation, which makes it interesting
not only in cities in India, but also in different cities in Europe and America. Sky Bus falls
under tramway category, according to the Constitution of India. Since it operates along and
parallel to existing roadways and within municipal limits, it is excluded from the Indian
Railway Act. Sky bus is economical than metro rails and other means when considered
within the city limits, in the view of transportation and safety.
2. What is Sky Bus? Challenges of transportation:
Sky bus is a suspended railway 1. Urban space remains frozen
system, can never capsize nor collide due
to its design and construction technique. 2. Population shifting to urban
This is noise free, pollution free and habitats, resulting in mass
economical with no points and crossings. transit capacity
In short, sky bus is “A unique mass transit
system which than can be put up within 3. Should be free from pollution
any two years in any crowded and
congested city for safe transportation 4. Should be affordable by
without loss of time.” common people
5. With point to point
connectivity
6. Better quality of travel:
a. Air conditioned
b. Virtually no wait
service
c. Safer than existing
systems – in view of
value of human life.
Though, some of the challenges are
met by other means of
Why sky bus is safe? transportation, Sky Bus is efficient
in meeting all the above specified
The present Railway Technology
requirements and challenges and
used in metros, suffer from a fundamental
serves the public.
technology defect of derailment and
separation of travelling coach from the Some of Salient points of Sky
railway track, falling down on the ground Bus:
killing people. So long as wheels are on
rail, the coach runs, but failure of rails, 1. Sky bus is innovative solution
obstruction or even heavy wind force can to the problems of derailments
create a dangerous situation. But when and collisions of conventional
wheels climb the 25 to 30 mm flange, go metros.
over the rail and derailment occurs. Such
2. The core functionality of
capsizing can kill people inside the coach
dynamics of suspended coaches
as well as those on the road below.
has been tested and proven
according to international
safety norms in the year 2004.
3. 3. The costs also are demonstrated is unique advantage of Sky
to be most competitive. Hence Bus.
Rs. 50 crores + / - per route
kilometer is practical 12. Employment is also provided in
commercial cost for executing the construction purpose of Sky
a sky bus project. Bus @ 250 persons for every
10 km.
4. Each and every technology
element included in sky bus 13. Coaches are made maintenance
project is tested and proven in free in case of Sky Bus system.
live harsh environments and all 14. The advantage of Sky Bus is
the test limits exist in safer that polycarbonate sheets are
boundaries that are laid down fixed around it to take care of
by international standards. any vandal activity.
5. Sky bus comes to state with no 15. The Sky Bus is fully –
financial risk to Government, computerized:
being financially viable.
a. Self – identification in
6. Sky bus may be constructed need for attention ,
within 24 months and people
will be travelling in sky bus. b. Need based
maintenance with very
7. It is affordable for a common high degree of
man with least rate possible, reliability ,
according to the city
constructed, including air c. Minimized cost for the
conditioned travel, pollution bogies and track is
free and high quality of life maintenance free.
protection for people.
16. The Sky Bus costs about 2500
8. The construction and execution crores for a length of 50km, but
of sky bus occurs with least current elevated metro option
disturbance to daily city life. using conventional railway
system costs about 5000 crores,
9. No demolition of existing which is nearly 2 times the cost
structures is needed, and no of construction of Sky Bus.
extra land is to be utilized.
10. Adds additional urban space
every at 9000 m2/per km
between stations, a special
feature distinguishing sky bus.
11. Transportation of goods can be
handled by the Sky Bus, which
4. Fact about Sky Bus: His inventions cover Railway
Technologies, Anti – collision devices,
Sky Bus is the technology Sky Bus.
breakthrough that India has achieved. Sky
Bus is an improved Railway Technology, He is Mr. B. Raja Ram, the
eliminating the problems of existing metro inventor of Sky Bus Technology.
rail systems like derailments, collisions,
capsizing and crushing people, which they He holds degrees namely Bachelor
suffered for decades. of Engineering, Master of Technology,
Fellow of National Academy of
Why Sky Bus is so popular? Engineering, Fellow of Institution of
Engineers. He is a member of Indian
If it is invented by a student, or a Railway Service of Engineers.
research scientist who has no experience in
any railway field or no knowledge of He is the recipient of prestigious
railway sciences, then it may be not so FICCI national award for
popular. OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO
KNOWLEDGE BASED INDUSTRIES,
But it is invented by such person, as adjudged by Justice Bhagawati
who is a bureaucrat, engineer, scientist, Committee.
manager and inventor. The inventor is first
class first Distinction Engineering
Graduate and an M. Tech from prestigious
IIT Kharagpur. He served a decade in
railway open line in various capacities,
another decade in railway research at
RDSO & IIT, worked in abroad as a
consultant till 1990.
He is involved in Konkan Railway
project from the beginning i.e., 1990. Then
he was promoted to cader Managing
Director and Director of many projects
related to Konkan Railway Corporation
Limited (KRCL) till January 2005.
He has own original contributions
of new theories regarding rail – wheel and
track – vehicle interactions, which are
Mr. Raja Ram Bojji
recognized and published by many World
Forums.
Life member of
He has several patents (nearly 50),
around the globe, and in India for his
Computer Society of
valuable inventions. India
5. He believes it is in the realm of
reality to make food, travel,
communication and dwelling virtually free
to all humans on the plant through bold
application of science and technology to
infrastructure development.
He wants India to lead the world
in transportation, with Sky Bus
Technology, which makes railway
systems safer and financially affordable by
even a common man.
Technology of Sky Bus:
The basic concept of Sky
Bus is derived from the concept of Sky-
Wheels presented in 1989 at World
Congress for Railway Research.
In the Sky Bus technology, the
median in the middle of road is used to
raise columns to support 9.4 m wide
concrete box 2.4 m high, which houses
sky-guides and a powered bogie and can
run on the sky-guides at speed up to 100
kmph .The coaches are suspended from the
bogie frame running overhead and thus are
designed for lighter crush loads as
compared to normal railway coaches.
Tremendous savings are achieved in
systems design.
6. Advantages of Sky Bus over other In the view of Safety:
modes:
1. Sky Bus is derailment proof
These advantages are categorized in and by design can never get
different kinds: separated for the railway tracks,
so there is no capsizing of
1. Performance coaches.
2. Safety 2. Sky Bus is protected from
3. Land & Protection to existing collisions, as it travels at higher
buildings levels than roads.
4. Capital and running costs In the view of Land & Protection to
existing structures:
5. Construction
1. Sky Bus has short stations of
6. Charges 50m length, adequate for next
50 – 75years of traffic growth,
7. Financial viability
combining the local bus stop.
In the view of Performance:
2. Occupies only the road divider
1. Sky bus can be scalable to with 1m wide pillars, the Sky
handle 20K to 80K pphpd, bus is travelling about 6m
which mono – rail and metro above the roads.
rail cannot.
3. The Sky Bus can be designed
2. Sky Bus handles cargo for the to take 20m radius curvature,
city – in containers as well as hence no buildings will be
trucks as a whole lifted and affected which are following
delivered to required points. So existing roads.
truck pollution is eliminated.
4. These can reach the places,
Existing metro’s cannot. Mono
where buses can reach, but the
– rails cannot even be
point is somewhat at a distance
compared.
higher in level.
3. Speeds are same and somewhat
5. If Sky Bus unit of 20m length
better than railways i.e., 100
is designed, then it can carry
kmph to 110 kmph, depending
300 – 430 pphpd, while other
on inter – station distances.
metros cannot.
6. Least land utilization, almost
nothing compared to others is
needed.
7. Even the depot areas etc., Sky
Bus can make use of space
7. above existing Bus depots – In the view of Charges:
without fresh land acquisition.
1. At Rs. 250.00 only, per person
8. Sky Bus is a railway per 500 km of air – condition
technology, with maximum travel anywhere to anywhere,
feasibility options like Bus – in a month, it is affordable for
while other metro options regular city commuter.
cannot help in this.
2. Minimum entry charges are of
In the view of Capital and Running Rs. 5.00 only will apply and
Costs: floating or occasional users will
be charged Rs. 2.00 per km.
1. The capital cost per km of
double line route, including 3. Other modes of transportation,
rolling – stock and train control do not offer such low rates.
is Rs. 50 crores on average + / -
10%. In the view of Financial Viability:
1. Fare – box collections coupled
2. Maintenance costs are much
lower in the Sky Bus – with commercial exploitation at
components are smaller, tracks the additional urban space
are maintenance – free, the created by Sky Bus, produces a
coach bodies are designed to be 15 – 20% return to the investor.
maintenance – free. 2. The Sky Bus returns the capital
3. The energy in Sky Bus, is used of construction within 7 to 10
to carry more people than in years.
Metro Rails, which carries 3. “The Sky Bus construction
more dead loads. goes on without Government
In the view of Construction: funding component”.
1. Sky Bus uses factory produced Components of Sky Bus:
pre – fabricated technologies
The system Sky Bus
with post tensioning and causes
consists of several conventional and some
least disturbance to the daily
new proven technologies, which makes the
life of city during construction.
Sky bus more efficient. These are designed
2. It takes around 24 months to so that to keep the sky bus moving without
complete because of minimum any defect and to give the passengers the
problems of land and parallel ultimate comfort along with other
activities of pre – fabricated luxurious facilities which they cannot get
structures. in the local buses or in trains.
3. Other metro rails take 5 to 7
years in construction.
8. Components are:
a. Sky Way
b. Sky Bogies
c. Sky Coaches
d. Sky Stations
e. Traverser arrangements at
terminals
Sky Way:
Sky Bogie:
1. In the middle of the road way,
1. Standard two axle bogies used
pile foundations support 1 m
in metros for speeds of 100
dia column approx. 8m high,
kmph are used, which gain
and spaced at 15m all along the
speed up to a maximum of 160
road way.
kmph of standard gauge.
2. The Sky way consists of a
2. Linear induction motor
concrete box structure carried
technology is incorporated,
over a series of piers at a height
with 3 phase AC motors with
of 8m above the existing road
regenerative power capability.
level.
3. Braking - bogie mounted.
3. In short, Sky Way is the way in
which the Sky Bus travels a. Disc Brakes are
along the road, but at higher provided.
level.
b. Emergency mechanical
4. Sky Way consists of two rails brakes are also
fixed with appropriate provided, in case of any
fastenings with in concrete box emergency.
support and guide the Sky
Bogie.
9. Sky Station:
1. Unlike conventional mass
transit systems, Sky Bus needs
smaller stations.
2. Totally computerized control,
access control is also electronic
by prepaid cards being swiped
Sky Coaches: in.
1. Double walled light shells with 3. Stations act as only access
wide large windows are facility, and not as passenger
suspended from the sky bogies. holding area.
2. Air – conditioned and with Traverser:
automatic doors are provided. 1. Traverser is the system which
3. Audio visual information is automatically shifts the Sky
provided to passengers, for Bus units for balancing the
easy understanding of sky loads / changing routes too as
stations. well as shift units to depot lines
etc…
4. Special 4m wide or 2m x 2m
wide sliding doors are provided For Designing purpose:
for quick entry and exit of Even in case of designing, the Sky
passengers. Bus is easier to design in structural point
5. Each pair carries 300 persons. of view.
6. Service is possible in every 30 The design loads are:
seconds or one minute. a. Weight of bogie : 5t
10. b. Tare weight of coach : 6.5 t hence is safer than existing rail
– based system.
c. Passenger load :
9t 4. The system is noise – free,
pollution – free with
d. Weight of equipment : 2t 18000pphpd to scalable to
e. Axle load : 12 t 72000 pphpd as required.
f. Total for a bogie : 24 t 5. It is a unique mass transit
system which can be put up
within two years in any
crowded and congested city.
6. In addition to moving people,
Sky Bus can carry 20 ft
containers, boosting its
capacity utilization to double
that of other existing systems.
Description of Sky Bus:
1. Heavy 52 / 60 kg /m rails
placed at standard gauge
floating in elastic medium and
damped by inertia of measured
mass held at 8m x 2m box
enclosure, supported over a 1m
dia columns placed at 15m
distance from each other.
2. The fixed structure at 8m
height above road level is
aesthetically pleasing and there
is no concern of claustrophobic
feeling for road users.
3. Aesthetic and eco – friendly,
the Sky Bus can never derail,
capsize nor collide, by design
as well as by construction,
11. Working Principle of Sky Bus
Our Country’s Technology, Sky Bus is an improved railway technology. It can carry
18K to 72K pphpd, with 100kmph and air – conditioned travel.
The two problems suffered by railway technology are derailment and separation of
travelling coach from the rails.
As long as the wheels are on the rails, the coach runs.
But failure of rails / obstruction by a heavy wind force may
create dangerous situations.
When the wheels climb 25 to 30 mm flange, then derailment
occurs.
12. If derailment occurs, then there is nothing to hold the coach,
then the coach just topples.
Such falling of coach can kill people inside the coach and
also people on the road, if any.
EVOLUTION OF SKY BUS TECHNOLOGY
Suppose a standard railway coach running on a railway
track…
13. The under frame with standard railway wheel – set running
on a railway track…
The under frame remains the same, railway wheels run on
the same track, coach is firmly attached to under frame
positively
The under-frame with wheels and railway traction
motors & railway track enclosed in the concrete
box- travel on the railway track , carrying the coach
below outside the concrete box- now the coach and
the track are positively held together- cannot escape
from rails!
between the rail guidance system
and the Bus Coaches- with 400%.
Safety Measures:
• The railway bogies in conventional
• Compared to conventional railway system have propensity to lose
systems, the centre of gravity of control on derailment, but
the mass being carried on the additional safety in Sky Bus bogie
wheels is brought down to be is that we have derailment
closer to the wheel support. Hence arresters, which prevents the wheel
dynamic safety is many times from jumping off the rails. So we
improved. are ensuring that there is no
• In conventional railway wind can derailment. Safety factor built into
topple the trains. In Sky Bus wind multiple suspenders.
cannot topple- there is positive link In Future:
14. After the successful test run to really solve the urban transport crisis.
of the sky bus in its test track in Madgaon The Sky Bus metro is one single
Goa, The Indian Railway has recognized technology which can change the face of
its work efficiency and found it as the our cities, take out almost 10 million road
future of mass communication in the urban vehicles in the cities and make the cities
areas. The Sky bus has proved its livable, improving quality of life and
attract and sustain economic activity to
generate wealth.
effectiveness in various sectors in all the
tests it has gone through. Hence the Sky
bus has proposed by the Railway
department in following cities
of India, Ahmedabad, Pune, Kochi,
Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Pondicherry,
Ranchi, Shimla, Thane, Bhubaneswar,
Bangalore, Chennai Coimbatore Delhi,
Goa, Gurgaon and Hyderabad.
Conclusion:
The Sky bus is the technology
breakthrough that India has achieved. Sky
bus is an improved railway technology,
eliminating the problems of existing metro
rail systems, like, derailments collisions,
and capsizing crushing people. Old
conventional railway men, who remained
basically operating and maintenance
experts, may take a little time to
appreciate, but the fact remains. Sky bus is
an improved railway technology
eliminating their fears of derailments and
capsizing from which they suffered for
decades!
Financially Sky bus Metro makes
urban transport a dream come true for
administrators- virtually free gift to people
without Government fund in
What needs to be done is to
eliminate the doubting Thomas in our
minds, and adopt the Sky bus, if we want