The document discusses the transportation system of India. It describes the various modes of transportation including traditional means, local/public transport, personal transport, and long-distance transport via rail, air, waterways and rivers. The major modes of transportation discussed include buses, metro systems, motorcycles, cars, Indian Railways, domestic airlines, ports and inland waterways. It also covers the byproducts of transportation such as air, water, noise pollution and their effects on the environment and human health.

2. CONTENTS :-
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM OF
INDIA
1) INTTRODUCTION
2) TYPES/MODES OF TRANSPORTATIONS
a). Traditional means
b). Local/Public transport
c). Personal Transport
d). Long distance transports
e). Water ways
f). Air ways
3) BY PRODUCTS OF TRANSPORTATION
a). Air pollution
b). Water pollution
c). Noise pollution

3. INTRODUCTIO
N
Development of infrastructure within the country has progressed at
a rapid pace, and today there is a WIDE VARIETY OF MODES OF
TRANSPORT by land, water and air.
Despite ongoing improvements in the sector, several aspects of the
transport sector are still riddled with problems due to OUTDATED
INFRASTRUCTURE and lack of PROPER MAINTEANENCE & thus it’s
lead towards a BY-PRODUCT call POLLUTION The advent of the
British saw trams
Modes of transports being introduced in
many cities including
Mumbai and Kolkata.
Traditional means They are still in use in
Kolkata and provide an
 Walking emission-free means of
transport. Due to
Palanquin technologically
backward system &
Bullock carts & palanquin more emphasis given to
horse carriages other modes of
transportation is the
Bicycles & Rickshaws reason not being
successful in our
Trams Trams Active Only In Kolkata
Bullock Carts country

4. 2b. Local/public
transports
 Public transport is the predominant mode of MOTORIZED LOCAL
TRAVEL in cities. Mostly dominated through road ways.
 Dedicated city bus services are known to operate in at least 25
cities with a population of over one million.
 Intermediate public transport modes like tempos and cycle
rickshaws assume importance in medium size cities.
However, the share of buses is negligible in most is a
Depending on therickshaw Indian cities as
An auto
city/state, taxis can
compared to personalized vehicles, and two-wheelers and cars
three-wheeler vehicle
account for more than 80 percenthailed that has no
either befor hire or
of the vehicle population
hired from taxi-and is generally
doors
stands,even it could
characterised by a
be done on streets. for the
small cabin
Today we couldin the front and a
driver even
hire taxi’s by making
seat for passengers in
a phone call.rear.
the
T In Delhi due to
Buses take up over 90% of public transportexcessive air pollution
in Indian cities, and serve as a cheap and CNG are introduced
convenient mode of transport for all classes
of society. Services are mostly run by state
government owned transport corporations.

5. 2b. Local/public (Rapid transport
system)
Today with increase in the
periphery of an city ,technologies
to reduce the time interval for
covering the distance are being
introduced with RAPID TRANSIT
SYSTEMS, such as :---
 Kolkata metro Delhi
 Delhi metro metro
 Chennai mass rapid transit
system
 Ahmadabad (BRTS)
 Mumbai locals
(RTS, is to be introduced in all
the major cities of Indial uptill
Mumbai locals
2021)
Ahmadabad (BRTS) Chennai mass transit system

6. 2c. Personal
transport
 Personal Transport is being categorized by PRIVATE VEHICLES
 Personalized vehicles such as two – wheelers & cars comprised
of more then 80 % of total vehicular traffic in India
Motorized two-wheelers like scooters, small capacity motorcycle
and mopeds are very popular a mode of transport due to their fuel
efficiency and ease of use in congested traffic.
 About 30% of personalized vehicles is comprised of automobiles
or four wheelers, its said that about an average of 1200
automobiles are registered every year in Delhi alone
The number of automobiles produced in India rose from 63 lakh
(6.3 million) in 2002-03 to 1.1 crore (11.2 million) in 2008-09.
 In recent years Government is discouraging personal
transport by providing better public transport system so as to
release congestion of the traffic and even saving the energy
& cost lost due to personal transport system .

7. 2d. Long distance transport (Indian Railways)
 Indian Railways provides an important mode of transport in India,
transporting over 18 million passengers and more than 2 million
tonnes offreight daily across one of the largest and busiest rail
networks in the world
 The rail network traverses through the length and breadth of the
country, covering 6,909 stations over a total route length of
around 63,465 km (39,435 mi).It is the world's largest commercial
or utility employer, with more than 1.4 million employees

8. 2e. Long distance transport (Air
Ways)
Rapid economic growth in India has made air travel more
affordable. Air India, India's flag carrier, presently operates a fleet
of 159 aircraft and plays a major role in connecting India with the
rest of the world. Several other domestic & foreign airlines
connect Indian cities with other major cities across the country
& the globe.
These airlines connect more than 80 cities across India and also
operate overseas routes after the liberalization of Indian aviation.

9. 5. Long distance transport (water Ways ,
Oceans)
 Maritime transportation in India is managed by the Shipping
Corporation of India, a government-owned company that also
manages offshore and other marine transport infrastructure in
the country
 The ports are the main centers of trade. In India about 95% of
the foreign trade by quantity and 70% by value takes place
through the ports. Mumbai Port & JNPT(Navi Mumbai) handles
70% of maritime trade in India

10. 2f. Long distance transport (water Ways ,
Rivers)
 India has an extensive network of inland waterways in the form
of rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks. The total navigable
length is 14,500 kilometers (9,000 mi), out of which about
5,200 km (3,231 mi) of river and 485 km (301 mi) of canals can be
used by mechanized crafts.
 Freight transport by waterways is highly underutilized in India
compared to other large countries. The total cargo moved by
inland waterways is just 0.15% of the total inland traffic in India.
 Cargo that is transported in an organized manner is confined to a
few waterways in Goa, West Bengal, Assam and Kerala.

11. 3. Byproduct of Transportation (air pollution)
 Transportation involves the combustion of fossil fuels to
produce energy translated into motion. Pollution is created from
incomplete carbon reactions, unburned hydrocarbons or other
elements present in the fuel or air during combustion.
 These processes produce pollutants of various species, including
carbon monoxide, soot, various gaseous and liquid vapour
hydrocarbons, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, sulphate and
nitrate particulates, ash and lead.
Causes of pollution by
 excessive transportation
vehicle use.
 Age of fleet and technology used.
 Poor maintenance of vehicles.
 Unavailability or improper use of
appropriate fuels.

12. 3. Tactical approaches to reduce emissions from
transportation
 Targeting fuel consumers: pricing fuels.
 Targeting motor vehicle users: pricing
other variable costs of motor vehicle
use.
 Targeting motor vehicle operators:
changing
driving conditions and managing traffic.
 Targeting travelers and shippers:
influencing travel choices.
 Targeting vehicle purchasers: influencing
vehicle fleet demand and turnover.
 Targeting fuel refiners and importers:
influencing fuel supply.
 Targeting the general public: influencing
public attitudes towards transportation.

13. 3. Proportion of No2,Co2 So2 in Indian cities with
comparision to other megacities

14. 3b. Byproduct of Transportation (Sound
pollution)
 In simple terms, noise is unwanted sound. Sound is a form of energy
which is emitted by a vibrating body and on reaching the ear causes the
sensation of hearing through nerves. Sounds produced by all vibrating
bodies are not audible. The frequency limits of audibility are from
20 HZ to 20,000 HZ.
 The intensity of sound is measured in sound pressure levels (SPL)
and common unit of measurement is decibel, dB. The community
(ambient) noise levels are measured in the A weighted SPL,
abbreviated dB(A).
 A sound level meter consists basically of a microphone and an
electronic circuit including an attenuator, amplifier, weighting
networks or filters and a display unit. The microphone converts
the sound signal to an equivalent electrical signal. The signal is
passed through a weighting network which provides a
conversion and gives the sound pressure level in dB.
The time constants used for the sound level meter standards are (3)
S (Slow) = 1 second
F (Fast) = 125 milli seconds

15. 3b. Noise genrating sources & noises which effects
people

16. Effect of noise pollution on the environment & on
human’s health
 It creates annoyance to the receptors due to sound level fluctuations.
The a periodic sound due to its irregular occurrences causes displeasure to
hearing
and causes annoyance.
 Physiological effects: The physiological features like breathing amplitude,
blood
pressure, heart-beat rate, pulse rate, blood cholesterol are effected.
 Loss of hearing: Long exposure to high sound levels cause loss of hearing.
This is
mostly unnoticed, but has an adverse impact on hearing function.
 Human performance: The working performance of workers/human will be
affected
as they'll be losing their concentration.
 Nervous system: It causes pain, ringing in the ears, feeling of tiredness,
thereby
 Sleeplessness:functioning of human system. by inducing the people to
effecting the It affects the sleeping there
become
restless and loose concentration and presence of mind during their
 Damage to material : The buildings and materials may get damaged by
activities
exposure to
infrasonic / ultrasonic waves and even get collapsed.

17. Bibliography : ----
 Transport of India Wikipedia & Encyclopedia
 Google
 Pollution control act
Thanking You