mass rapid transit system in urban transportation in the world

1. MASS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM
Presented By :
Chandan Padhi
Civil-A1
1501106022
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR

2. “You can't understand a city without using its
public transportation system.” –
Erol Ozan

3. CONTENTS:
1. What is MRTS?
2. History
3. Role of Civil Engineers
4. Why MRTS?
5. Characteristics of MRTS
6. Network Design Parameters
7. Types of MRTS Networks
8. Types of MRTS
9. Bus Rapid Transit system
10.Case Study -1 : Ahmedabad BRTS
11.Metro Rail Transit System
12.Case Study-2 : Delhi Metro
13.Mono Rail Transit System
14.Light Rail Transport System
15.Impact

4.  Mass rapid transit, also referred to as public transit, is a
passenger transportation service, usually local in scope,
that is available to any person who pays a prescribed
fare.
 It usually operates on specific fixed tracks or with
separated and exclusive use of potential common track,
according to established schedules along designated
routes or lines with specific stops.
 It is designed to move large numbers of people at one
time.
WHAT IS MRTS?

5. HISTORY
 The world’s first mass rapid transit system was the partially
underground Metropolitan Railway which opened as a
conventional railway in 1863,and now forms a part of the
London Underground.
 The first BRT system in the world was the OC Transportation
system in Ottawa, Canada.
 Among the operational ones, the first monorail transit system
was started in Wuppertal and Dresden in Germany in the
year 1901.
 1984 - The first rapid transit system in India was the Kolkata
Metro
 2006 - Pune was the first city in India to experiment with a
Bus Rapid Transit system
 2014 -The Mumbai Monorail, which opened on 2 February
2014 is the first operational monorail in India

6. ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS
 Civil engineers handle the design, construction
and operation of railroads and mass transit
systems that use a fixed guideway.
 To determining horizontal and vertical
alignment design, station location and design,

7. WHY MRTS?
 They ensure clean, efficient, affordable, effective and
safe public transportation system
 They are flexible, easily accessible, and efficient and
also cost effective
 Meant for transport of large number of passengers at
quick intervals.
 Quick acceleration and maximum speed attained for
rapid transport
 Higher standing capacity as compared to sitting capacity.
The average standing time during the journey is less
than 20 minutes
 Comfortable environment either by natural or forced
ventilation, control of CO2 along with air conditioning.
 Frequent service or less waiting time at Railway Station

8. NETWORK DESIGN
PARAMETERS

10. TYPES OF MRTS NETWORKS

11. TYPES OF MRTS
Bus Rapid Transit System
Metro Rail Transit System
Mono-Rail Transit System
Light Rail Transit System

12. BUS RAPID TRANSIT
SYSTEM

13.  Bus Rapid Transit is a form of customer orientated
transit combining stations, vehicles, planning, and
intelligent transport systems elements into an
integrated system with a unique identity.
 Bus Rapid Transit typically involves bus-way
corridors on segregated lanes–either at-grade or
grade separated and modernised bus technology.

14. BRTS COMMONLY
INCLUDES:
 Rapid boarding and
alighting
 Efficient fare collection
 Comfortable shelters and
stations
 Clean bus technologies
 Sophisticated marketing
identity
 Excellence in customer
service.

15. MAJOR ELEMENTS OF BRTS
 Running ways:

16. o Stations :

17. Vehicle:

18.  Off-bus fare collection:

19.  Intelligent transportation System (ITS):

23. CASE STUDY ON :
AHMEDABAD BRTS

24. ABOUT JANMARG
 Janmarg, also known as Ahmedabad BRTS, is a bus rapid
transit system in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. It is operated
by Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited, a subsidiary of
Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation and others. It is
designed by CEPT University. It was inaugurated in
October 2009. The network expanded to 89 kilometres (55
mi) by December 2017 with daily ridership of 3,49,000
passenger.
 Ahmedabad has a population of more than 6.3 million and
an extended population of 7.2 million. It is the sixth largest
city and seventh largest metropolitan area of India.
Keeping in the view of increasing population and need of
expansion of public transport, the bus rapid transport
system was envisioned.

25. Completing Network
Building River Bridges
‐ Vasana‐Pirana &
Wadaj‐Dudheshwar
Clearing right of ways &
encroachment removal
Utility Survey and
Integration
Building storm water
drains &
PRECURSORS TO BUILDING
INFRASTRUCTURE

27. SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
System Types
 Closed system – trunk and feeder services selected
 Open system considered but not selected
Running Way
 Centre Running
 Curb Running
 Mixed Traffic
Stations
 Aesthetically designed, accessible level boarding
 Near side (before intersection)
 Two buses at each side
 Far side

30. ANJALI JUNCTION BEFORE JANMARG

31. ANJALI JUNCTION AFTER JANMARG

32. METRO RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM

33.  Metro rails are rail-based, mass rapid transit systems
that operate on an exclusive right-of-way, which is
separated from all modes of transport in an urban area.
 Most often, the right-of-way is either underground or
elevated above street level.
 These systems generally operate at an average speed
of 20–35 km/h, and are characterized by their high
capacity (50,000–75,000 passengers per hour, per
direction) and high frequency of operation.
 The capital cost of construction is between 20–30 times
that of the Bus Rapid Transit system, depending on
whether the metro systems are underground or elevated
.

34. CASE STUDY ON:
DELHI METRO

35. ABOUT DELHI METRO
 The Delhi Metro is a metro system serving Delhi and
its satellite cities of Faridabad, Gurgaon, Bahadurgarh,
Noida and Ghaziabad in the National Capital Region of
India.
 The Delhi Metro is the largest and busiest metro in
India by a considerable margin, and the world's 9th
longest metro system in length and 16th largest in
ridership
 Planning for the metro started in 1984 when the Delhi
Development Authority and the Urban Arts
Commission came up with a proposal for developing a
multi-modal transport system for the city. Delhi Metro
Rail Corporation (DMRC) was incorporated in May
1995, construction started in 1998, and the first

36. Transit type Rapid transit / Metro
Number of lines 8 color coded lines
Number of stations 214
Daily ridership average 2.76 million
Annual ridership 1 billion (FY 2016–17)
Began operation 24 December 2002; 15 years ago
Operator(s) Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd
(DMRC)
Number of vehicles 270 Trains[5]
Train length 6/8 coaches [5]
Technical System length
296 km (184 mi)[5] Track gauge
1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) (Indian gauge;
phase 1)
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) (Standard
gauge)
FEATURES

37. PREPARATION OF
CONSTRUCTION
1.Planning
 Planning the route,locating the stations
 Selecting the construction methods
2.Geotechnical Investigation
 Investigating soil structure, soil strength, permeability,
groundwater condition etc.
 Collecting samples/non-destructive tests.
3.Geodesy:
 Laying out-using coordinate system or reference system
 Geometrical control

38. CONSTRUCTION
METHODOLOGY
 The structural form adopted for the elevated (i.e.
viaduct) constructed so far by the DMRC is
comprises of Pile foundation –Group of bored piles
of dia 1.0,1.2m and 1.5m
 Required concrete pile cap ,pier and cross heads
(Cast in situ/ precast pier heads.
 Types of pre-concrete pre-stressed concrete
1. Single segmented U block
2. Single Segmental Box
3. Segmental Box
4. Segmental U
5. Full U girder

39. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS:
 The construction equipments are selected based on the
size of the project, the environment of site (built-up area),
safety and quality and minimum inconvenience to the
general public and existing traffic flow.
 The major equipments used in this project are gantry
cranes, piling rigs, power generators, transit mixers,
batching plants, RMs units wheel loaders, stone
crushers, launching girders, etc.
 Building super structure: It is made up of pre-cast
segmental technology.

41. Grade of concrete and steel: For construction of
various structures the following grades of concrete
and steel is used:
 M-30 : Pile cap and open foundation
 M-40 : Piers
 M-45 : All pre-cast elements for Viaduct and stations
 M-30 : Other Miscellaneous structures
 HYSD 415 or TMT steel RECC Works
 High tensile steel strands with configuration 12 T 13 or 19

42. Design stipulations
 Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 45 N /
mm2
 Maximum size of aggregates = 20 mm
 Degree of workability = Very Good
 Compaction factor = 0.75
 Degree of quality control = Very good
 Pile integrity test is conducted to assess the condition of the
pile
Pile Construction Procedure in Brief:
 Pre tube driving,
 Boring pile hole,
 Reinforcement cage fabrication,
 Lowering of cage in to the bore

43. TBM TECHNOLOGY FOR METRO
TECHNOLOGY
 Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) technology is now well
accepted in Indian metro rail construction since it
inception from phase 1 Delhi metro, different type of TBM
are used against different soil condition.
 Different type for various soil conditions :- Earth pressure
machine, slurry machine, hard rock machine, mix shield &
road header.

44. A CROWDED METRO STATION IN DELHI

45. DELHI METRO RAIL NETWORK

46. MONO RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM

47.  A Monorail is a railway in which the track consists of a
single rail.
 Monorails have found applications in airport transfer and
medium capacity metros.
 The first monorail prototype was made in Russia in 1820 by
Ivan Elmanov.
 In other words, It is an elevated railway system with
suspended wagons.
 Unlike Light rail systems, monorails are always separated
from other traffic and pedestrians.
 Modern monorails depend on a large solid beam as the

48. LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM

49.  Tramways or light rail transit (LRT) is a medium capacity
mode of mass rapid transport which straddles between the
heavy capacity Metro rail and the low capacity bus
services.
 It is a form of rail transit that utilizes equipment and
infrastructure that is typically less massive than that used
for heavy rail modes i.e. commuter/regional, and metro
rail/subway.
 A few modes such as people movers and personal rapid
transit could be considered as even "lighter".

50. MRTS & IT’S
IMPACT

51.  Environmental Impacts
1. Mass transit is believed to be more environmental
friendly than other public transport facilities.
2. Private vehicles emit about twice as much
carbon monoxide and other volatile organic
compounds than public vehicles.
3. Mass transit reduces the number of cars on the
road which in turn reduces the pollution caused by
individual cars.
 Social Impacts of Mass Transit
1. All members of the society irrespective of their
financial status, religion or cast are able to travel
which enhances the social integrity of the country.
The necessity of a driving license is also eliminated.

52.  Economic Impacts of Mass Transit
1. Mass transit development can both improve the
usefulness and efficiency of the public transit system as
well as result in increased business for commercial
developments and thus serves to improve the economy
of the country.
2. Transit systems also have an indirect positive effect on
other businesses.
3. Mass transit systems offer considerable savings in
labor, materials, and energy over private transit
systems.
4. Also mass transit allows a higher amount of load to be
transported to far away destinations in lesser time
because of its reasonable capacity than private vehicles.
5. Because of their larger capacity offering them to carry
high efficient engines they also help in saving fuels.

53.  Other Positive Impacts:
 Reduces congestion
The main idea behind mass transit is to reduce
the number of vehicles on the road by providing a
larger facility which carries higher number of
passengers thus eliminating congestion.
 Saves Time
Mass transit reduces the travel time to a great
extent as it moves at high speeds and stops only
at specific spots.
 Cost Effective
Mass transit is comparably cheaper than other
modes of public transport.