The document discusses Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which use information and communication technology to enhance transport safety, productivity, reliability, and environmental performance. It details various intelligent transport technologies such as inductive loop detection and video vehicle detection, as well as applications including emergency vehicle notification, automatic road enforcement, and dynamic traffic management. The emphasis is on addressing issues like traffic congestion and pollution through advanced technologies and applications.

1. Intelligent
Transportation
System
By -
Durgesh Mishra
Gopal Tekkar
Prabhat Kumar

2. Contents
Introduction
Why ITS?
Intelligent Transport
Technologies
Intelligent Transport
Applications

3. Introduction
• The term Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) refers to
information and communication technology, applied to transport
infrastructure and vehicles, that improve transport outcomes
such as:
➢Transport Safety
➢Transport Productivity
➢Travel Reliability
➢Informed Travel Choices
➢Social Equity
➢Environmental Performance
➢Network Operation Resilience

4. Why ITS?
Interest in ITS comes from the problems caused by
Traffic congestion :-
❖ Efficiency of transportation infrastructure
❖ Increased motorization,
❖ Urbanization, and
❖ Increases travel time,
❖ Air pollution, and fuel consumption.

8. Intelligent Transport Technologies
Inductive Loop Detection
Video Vehicle Detection
ons
Computational Technologies
Floating Car Data/Floating Cellular Data

9. Wireless Communications
DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication)
❖It offers communication b/w the vehicle and roadside in specific
location (for example Toll Plaza, Electronic Fee Collection).
❖Sub-set of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology.
CALM (Continuous Air Interface Long And Medium
Range)
❖It provides communication b/w the vehicle and roadside using a
variety of communication media
❖Applications are Vehicle Safety and Information.

11. Computational Technologies
❖ Microprocessor modules with hardware memory management
❖ Real-Time Operating Systems.
❖ Model-based process control,
❖ Artificial Intelligence, and Ubiquitous computing.

13. Floating Car Data/Floating
Cellular Data
❖ "Floating car" data collection is a set of relatively low-cost methods
for obtaining travel time and speed data for vehicles traveling along
streets, highways, freeways, and other transportation routes.
❖ Broadly speaking, two methods have been used to obtain the raw
data:
▪ Vehicle Re-Identification
▪ GPS Based Methods

14. Vehicle Re-identification
• Sets of detectors mounted along the road.
• A unique serial number for a device in the vehicle .
• Travel times and speed are calculated by comparing the
time at which a specific device is detected by pairs of
sensors. This can be done using the
❖ MAC (Machine Access Control) addresses from
Bluetooth devices.
❖RFID serial numbers from Electronic Toll Collection
(ETC).
.

16. Sensing Technologies
❖RFID (Radio Frequency Identification),
❖Inexpensive intelligent beacon sensing technologies,:-
Have enhanced the technical capabilities that will facilitate
motorist safety benefits for intelligent transportation systems
globally.
❖Sensing systems for ITS are vehicle- and infrastructure-based
networked systems.
❖Pavement Loop :- Are use to sense the presence of vehicle
demand at parking lot entrances.
❖Pressure Pad :- Are used to sense the presence of pedestrians
waiting to cross a roadway.

18. Inductive Loop Detection
❖ Inductive loops can be placed in a roadbed to detect vehicles as they
pass through the loop's magnetic field.
❖ The simplest detectors simply count the number of vehicles during a
unit of time (typically 60 seconds) that pass over the loop.
❖ While more sophisticated sensors estimate the speed, length, and
weight of vehicles and the distance between them.
❖ Loops can be placed in a single lane or across multiple lanes, and
they work with very slow or stopped vehicles as well as vehicles
moving at high-speed.

20. Video Vehicle Detection
❖ Used in automatic number plate recognition.
❖ Video from black-and-white or color cameras is fed into
processors that analyze the changing characteristics of the
video image as vehicles pass.
❖ The cameras are typically mounted on poles or structures
above or adjacent to the roadway.

24. Intelligent Transport Applications
Emergency Vehicle Notification Systems
Automatic Road Enforcement
Variable Speed Limits
Collision Avoidance Systems
Dynamic Traffic Light Sequence

25. eCall

26. Automatic Road Enforcement
❖ Speed cameras that identify vehicles traveling over the legal speed
limit. Many such devices use radar to detect a vehicle's speed or
electromagnetic loops buried in each lane of the road.
❖ Red light cameras that detect vehicles that cross a stop line or
designated stopping place while a red traffic light is showing.
❖ Bus lane cameras that identify vehicles traveling in lanes reserved
for buses. In some jurisdictions, bus lanes can also be used by taxis
or vehicles engaged in car pooling.
❖ Level crossing cameras that identify vehicles crossing railways at
grade illegally.
❖ Double white line cameras that identify vehicles crossing these
lines.
❖ High-occupancy vehicle lane cameras for that identify vehicles
violating HOV requirements.

27. Automatic speed enforcement gantry or "Lombada Eletrônica" with ground sensors at Brasilia,
D.F.

28. Variable Speed Limits

29. Collision Avoidance Systems