The document discusses Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which use information and communication technologies to improve transportation outcomes such as safety, productivity, reliability and more. ITS technologies can include wireless communications, computational technologies, floating car data collection using cellular signals, and sensing technologies like inductive loops and video detection. The document outlines several ITS applications including emergency notification systems, automatic road enforcement, collision avoidance systems and more. Benefits of ITS include reduced accidents, time savings, lower emissions and costs.

1. Intelligence Transport System
Himanshi Singh

2. Contents
 Introduction
 Why ITS?
 Intelligent Transport Technologies
 ITS Application
 Ecall
 Automatic Road Enforcement
 Benefits of ITS
 Collosion Avoidance System
 Vedio illustrating ITS

3. Introduction
 The term Intelligent Transportation Systems
(ITS) refers to information and communication
technology, applied to transport infrastructure
and vehicles, that improve transport outcomes
such as:
◦ Transport Safety
◦ Transport Productivity
◦ Travel Reliability
◦ Informed Travel Choices
◦ Social Equity
◦ Environmental Performance
◦ Network Operation Resilience

4. ITS, but why?
 Interest in ITS comes from the problems caused by
traffic congestion and a synergy of new information
technology for simulation, real-time control, and
communications networks.
 Many of the proposed ITS systems also involve
surveillance of the roadways.
 Further, ITS can play a role in the rapid mass
evacuation of people in urban centers after large
casualty events such as a result of a natural
disaster or threat.

5. Intelligent Transport
Technologies
Wireless
Communications
Computational
Technologies
Floating
Car/Cellular
Data
Video Vehicle
Detection
Inductive Loop Detection
& Sensing Technologies

6. Wireless Communications
 Radio modem communication on UHF and VHF
frequencies are widely used for short and long
range communication within ITS.
 Short-range communications (less than 450
meters) can be accomplished using IEEE 802.11
protocols.
 Longer range communications have been
proposed using infrastructure networks such as
WiMAX (IEEE 802.16), Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM), or 3G.

7. Illustration

8. Computational Technologies
 A typical vehicle in the early 2000s would have
between 20 and 100 individual networked
microcontroller/Programmable logic controller
modules with non-real-time operating systems.
 The current trend is toward fewer, more costly
microprocessor modules with hardware memory
management and Real-Time Operating Systems.
 The new embedded system platforms allow for
more sophisticated software applications to be
implemented, including model-based process
control, artificial intelligence, and ubiquitous
computing.

10. Floating Car/Celullar data
 "Floating car" or "probe" data collection is a set of
relatively low-cost methods for obtaining travel time
and speed data for vehicles traveling along streets,
highways, freeways, and other transportation
routes.
 Broadly speaking, three methods have been used
to obtain the raw data:
 Triangulation Method
 Vehicle Re-Identification
 GPS Based Methods

11. Cntd.
Floating car data technology provides advantages
over other methods of traffic measurement:
 Less expensive than sensors or cameras
 More coverage (potentially including all locations
and streets)
 Faster to set up and less maintenance
 Works in all weather conditions, including heavy
rain

12. Floating car data

13. Triangulation Method
 In the mid 2000s, attempts were made to use mobile phones
as anonymous traffic probes. As a car moves, so does the
signal of any mobile phones that are inside the vehicle.
 With more congestion, there are more cars, more phones,
and thus, more probes. In metropolitan areas, the distance
between antennas is shorter and in theory accuracy
increases.
 An advantage of this method is that no infrastructure needs to
be built along the road; only the mobile phone network is
leveraged.

14. Vechile re-identification
◦ This method requires sets of detectors mounted
along the road. In this technique, a unique serial
number for a device in the vehicle is detected at one
location and then detected again (re-identified) further
down the road. Travel times and speed are calculated
by comparing the time at which a specific device is
detected by pairs of sensors.
GPS Based Methods.
◦ An increasing number of vehicles are equipped with in-vehicle
GPS (satellite navigation) systems that have two-way
communication with a traffic data provider. Position
readings from these vehicles are used to compute vehicle
speeds.

15. Sensing Technologies
 Technological advances in telecommunications
and information technology, coupled with state-of-
the-art microchip, RFID , and inexpensive
intelligent beacon sensing technologies, have
enhanced the technical capabilities that will
facilitate motorist safety benefits for intelligent
transportation systems globally.
 Sensing systems for ITS are vehicle- and
infrastructure-based networked systems.

16. Illustration

17. Inductive Loop Detection
 Inductive loops can be placed in a roadbed to
detect vehicles as they pass through the loop's
magnetic field.
 While more sophisticated sensors estimate the
speed, length, and weight of vehicles and the
distance between them.
 Loops can be placed in a single lane or across
multiple lanes, and they work with very slow or
stopped vehicles as well as vehicles moving at
high-speed.

19. Video Vehicle Detection
 Traffic flow measurement and automatic incident
detection using video cameras is another form of
vehicle detection. This type of system is known as
a "non-intrusive" method of traffic detection.
 Video from black-and-white or color cameras is fed
into processors that analyze the changing
characteristics of the video image as vehicles pass.

20.  Most video detection systems require some initial
configuration to "teach" the processor the baseline
background image. This usually involves inputting
known measurements such as the distance
between lane lines or the height of the camera
above the roadway.

21. Intelligent Transport
Applications
 Emergency Vechile Notification System
 Automatic Road Enforcement
 Variable Speed Limits
 Collision Avoidance Systems
 Dynamic Traffic Light Sequence
 Emergency Management Service

22. eCall

23. Automatic Road Enforcement
 Speed cameras
 Red light cameras
 Bus lane cameras
 Level crossing cameras
 Double white line cameras
 High-occupancy vehicle lane cameras

24. Benefits of ITS
 Accident Cost Saving (44%)
 Time Saving(41%)
 Emission/Fuel Saving(6%)
 Opreating Cost Saving (5%)
 Agency Cost Saving (4%)
 Others (1%)

25. Collision Avoidance System
 A traffic collision avoidance system or traffic alert
and collision avoidance system (both abbreviated
as TCAS, and pronounced tee-kas) is an
aircraft collision avoidance system designed to
reduce the incidence of mid-air collisions between
aircraft.

26. Video

27. Q & A?