This document discusses self-directed learning (SDL), where learners take initiative and responsibility for planning, executing, and evaluating their own learning. SDL is typically used by adult learners and involves self-management and self-monitoring of cognitive strategies. It aims to enhance adult learning abilities, promote transformational learning and social action. Key aspects of SDL include learning preparation, doing activities, reflecting, and moving forward. SDL learners are motivated, persistent, independent, and goal-oriented. While time-consuming, SDL allows learners to be effective and view problems as challenges.

1. .
.

2. Learning efforts, self-planned
learning (Tough, 1978),
self-regulated learning
(Zimmerman,1990).
 Last stage of learning-usually
reserved for the adult learner.
Learner takes the initiative in the
planning executing, and the
evaluation of their own learning.

3. views learners as responsible owners
and managers of their own learning
process. Self directed learning
integrates self management
(Management of context, including
the social setting, resources and
action) with self monitoring (the
process whereby the learners
monitor, evaluate and regulate their
cognitive learning strategies).
Bolhuis, 1996 & Garrison, 1997

4.  Enhance ability of adults to be
more self-directed in learning
(humanistic approach)
 Foster transformational
learning
 Promote social action

5.  I. Learning by Preparing
 II. Learning by Doing
 III. Learning by Reflecting on Doing
 IV. Learning by Moving Forward:

6. 1-Linear Model
2- Interactive Model
3- Instructional model

7. 1. Time management/Family
obligations
2. Cost of traditional learning
3. Transportation
4. Learner’s own learning styles
5. Prefer informal learning
structure.
6. Ability to plan programs to fit
the learner

8. Graduations
Birthdays
Studying!
What’s for dinner?
Fun in the sun!

9. Workshops
Instructional
Technology (IT)
computer classes
Cooking lessons
Jewelry lessons
 Hourly
 Daily
 weekend rates
 Course rate
.

10. Have you ever been late to class
because of a traffic jam that was
unexpected?
This accident occurred
on the way to an evening
class!

11. .
This learner prefers to
study outside in nature.
She enjoys listening
to music.
This man prefers
to learn right from the
cookbook late at
night.

12. .

13. Allows learners to be more
effective learners and social
beings
Curious and willing to try new
things.
They can view problems as
challenges, desire change, and
enjoy learning

14. Motivated and persistent,
independent, self-disciplined,
self-confident and goal-oriented.
A greater awareness of their
responsibility in making learning
meaningful and monitoring
themselves
Encourages students to develop
their own rules and leadership
patterns

15. Possible for frequent errors.
Quite time consuming.
It needs an organized
manner of planning; inquiring
skills, decision making and
self evaluation of work.

16.  How will the elementary school student use
SDL skills to their advantage?
 Car salesman?
 Small business owner?
 College student?
 Medical professional?
 Teachers/Professors?
 You?

17.  Do you consider yourself a self-directed
learner?
 Why do you think you are a self-directed
learner?

18.  Knowles, M.S. (1970). The modern practice of adult education, from pedagogy to andragogy revised and updated.
Retrieved from
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 Merriam, S. B. (2001). Andragogy and self-directed learning: pillars of adult learning theory. New Directions for Adult
and Continuing Education. 89.p. 3-13.
 Merriam, S.B., Caffarella, R.S., & Baumgartner, L.M. (2007). Learning in adulthood a comprehensive guide. San
Francisco, CA: Jossy- Bass
 Roberson, D.N., Merriam, S.B., (2005). The self-directed learning process of older, rural adults. Adult Education
Quarterly,55(4). 269- 287. doi: 10.1177/0741713605277372.
 Tough, A., (1978). Major learning efforts: recent research and future directions. Adult Education Quarterly, 28(4), 250-
263. doi:10.1177/074171367802800403.