The document defines and provides examples of different types of joint movements including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction, supination, pronation, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, eversion, and inversion. Flexion decreases a joint angle while extension increases it. Abduction and adduction refer to movement away from or towards the midline, respectively. Rotation involves movement around a central axis while circumduction follows a circular path.

1. Section 2, Chapter 8
Types of Joint Movements

2. Types of Joint Movements
Movement at a joint occurs when a muscle contracts and its
fibers pull its moveable end (insertion) towards its fixed end
(origin).
Abduction = movement away from the midline
(think of someone being abducted, or taken away)
Adduction = movement towards the midline
(think of adding together)

3. Types of Joint Movements
Flexion = decreases the angle of a joint
• Bend elbow
Extension = increases the angle of a joint
• Extend elbow
Hyperextension = extension beyond the
anatomical position
• bend hand back, bend head back beyond
anatomical position

4. Types of Joint Movements
Rotation = movement around a central axis
• Twisting the head from side to side
Circumduction = movement so end
follows a circular path
• moving the finger in a circular motion
without moving the hand.

5. Types of Joint Movements
Supination = turning the hand so the palm
faces upward or anteriorly
Example: turning a doorknob
clockwise with your right hand.
Pronation = turning the hand so the palm
faces downward or posteriorly
Dorsiflexion = movement at the ankles
that points toes towards the sky
Plantar flexion = movement at the ankles
that points toes towards the ground

6. Types of Joint Movements
Elevation = raising a part
• Shrugging the shoulders
Depression = lowering a part
• Drooping the shoulders
Protraction = moving a part forward
• thrusting head forward
Retraction = moving a part backward
• pulling the head backward

7. Types of Joint Movements
Eversion = turning the foot so the planter
surface faces laterally
Inversion = turning the foot so the plantar
surface faces medially
End of Chapter 8, Section 2