Running requires greater balance, muscle strength, and joint range of movement than walking. There are three phases to the running cycle: stance, swing, and float. During running, the ground reaction force can increase to 250% of body weight. The kinematics of running involve hip flexion at heel strike and extension at toe off, knee flexion during loading and extension before toe off, and ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike and plantarflexion throughout stance phase. Key muscles like gluteus maximus, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius are active at different parts of the running cycle to provide shock absorption, balance, forward propulsion, and control of changes in direction.
Muscle energy technique, a manual therapy technique with a long term history and 8 variations which can be used in various condition to treat muscle as well as joints. This slide show consists of detailed history, variations/types and summary of MET in detail.
Posture - a perquisite for functional abilities in daily life. Posture is a combination of anatomy and physiology with inherent application of bio-mechanics and kinematics. Sitting, standing, walking are all functional activities depending on the ability of the body to support that posture to carry out each activity. Injuries and pathologies either postural or structural can massively change the bio-mechanics of posture and thus affect functional abilities.
Brian Mulligan described novel concept of the simultaneous application of therapist applied accessory mobilizations and patient generated active movements
this slideshow describes about the hip joint anatomy, biomechanics and its pathomechanics along with angles of hip joint. the slide show also briefs about the pelvic femoral rhythm in daily activities
Basic Introduction about Joint Mobilisation and Manipulation, This article gives clear notes for the students to understand the Mobilisation techniques.
THis PPT will give you knowledge about the principles of shoulder; articulating surface, motions, ligamentous structure and musculature structure that related to shoulder region.
As a runner transitions through the gait cycle, which comprises distinct phases such as initial contact, midstance, terminal stance, and swing, various biomechanical factors come into play which are different from the normal gait cycle.
Muscle energy technique, a manual therapy technique with a long term history and 8 variations which can be used in various condition to treat muscle as well as joints. This slide show consists of detailed history, variations/types and summary of MET in detail.
Posture - a perquisite for functional abilities in daily life. Posture is a combination of anatomy and physiology with inherent application of bio-mechanics and kinematics. Sitting, standing, walking are all functional activities depending on the ability of the body to support that posture to carry out each activity. Injuries and pathologies either postural or structural can massively change the bio-mechanics of posture and thus affect functional abilities.
Brian Mulligan described novel concept of the simultaneous application of therapist applied accessory mobilizations and patient generated active movements
this slideshow describes about the hip joint anatomy, biomechanics and its pathomechanics along with angles of hip joint. the slide show also briefs about the pelvic femoral rhythm in daily activities
Basic Introduction about Joint Mobilisation and Manipulation, This article gives clear notes for the students to understand the Mobilisation techniques.
THis PPT will give you knowledge about the principles of shoulder; articulating surface, motions, ligamentous structure and musculature structure that related to shoulder region.
As a runner transitions through the gait cycle, which comprises distinct phases such as initial contact, midstance, terminal stance, and swing, various biomechanical factors come into play which are different from the normal gait cycle.
Human Gait Cycle and its Biomechanical EvaluationRishiRajgude
The gait cycle is a highly coordinated process involving the interaction of various muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints to facilitate efficient and stable locomotion. Understanding the components and timing of the gait cycle is crucial for assessing normal and abnormal walking patterns, diagnosing gait disorders, and designing effective interventions to improve mobility and function.
Includes detailed description of BIOMECHANICS & PATHOMECHANICS OF KNEE JOINT AND PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT with recent evidences . Hope you find it useful!!
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
2. Running vs Walking
• Walking has a greater stride width.
• Running has a narrower stride width.
• Running has a greater stride and step length.
3. • Running is similar to walking in terms of loco motor activity.
However, there are key differences. Having the ability to walk
does not mean that the individual has the ability to run.
Running requires:
• Greater balance
• Greater muscle strength
• Greater joint range of movement
4. There are three phases to the running cycle:
1. Stance
2. Swing
3. Float
5.
6. • There is a need for greater balance because the double
support period is not present when running.
• There is also the addition of a double float period during
which both feet are off the ground, not making contact with
the support surface.
• The amount of time that the runner spends in float, increases
as the runner increases in speed.
• The muscles must produce greater energy to elevate the head,
arms and trunk (HAT) higher than in normal walking, and to
support HAT during the gait cycle. The muscles and joints,
must also be able to absorb increased amounts of energy to
control the weight of HAT.
• During the running gait cycle, the Ground reaction force (GRF)
at the center of pressure(COP) have been shown to increase
to 250% of the body weight.
7. KINEMATICS – JOINT MOTION
HIP JOINT:
• Beginning of stance phase - hip is in about 50° flexion at heel strike,
continuing to extend during the rest of the stance phase. It reaches
10° of hyperextension after toe off.
• The hip flexes to 55° flexion in the late swing phase.
• Before the end of the swing phase, the hip extends to 50° to prepare
for the heel strike.
KNEE JOINT:
• The knee flexes to about 40° as the heel strikes, then flexes to 60°
during the loading response
• The knee begins to extend after this, and reaches 40° flexion just
before toe-off.
• During swing phase and the initial part of the float period, the knee
flexes to reach maximum flexion of 125° during the mid swing.
• The knee then prepares for heel strike by extending to 40°
8. ANKLE JOINT:
• The ankle is in about 10° of dorsiflexion when the heel strikes,
and then dorsiflexes rapidly to 25° DF.
• Plantarflexion happens almost immediately, continuing
throughout the rest of the stance phase of running, and as it
enters swing phase also.
• Plantarflexion reaches a maximum of 25° in the first few
seconds of of swing phase.
• The ankle then dorsiflexes throughout the swing phase to 10°
in the late stage of swing phase, preparing for heel strike.
• The lower limb medially rotates during the swing phase,
continuing to medially rotate at heel strike.
• The foot pronates at heelstrike.
• Lateral rotation of the lower limb stance leg begins as the
swing leg passes by the stance leg in mid stance position.
9.
10. MUSCLE ACTIVITY
• Gluteus maximus and gluteus medius are both active at the
beginning of stance phase, and also at the end of swing phase.
• TFL is active from the beginning of stance, and also the end of
swing phase. It is also active between early and mid swing.
• Adductor Magnus is active for about 25% of cycle, from late
stance to early part of swing phase.
• Iliopsoas activity occurs during swing phase for 35-60% of
cycle.
• Quadriceps works in an eccentric manner for the initial 10% of
the stance phase. Its role is to control knee flexion as the knee
goes through rapid flexion. It stops being active after the first
part of the stance phase, there is then no activity until the last
20% of swing phase. At this point it becomes concentric in
behaviour so it can extend the knee to prepare for heel strike.
11. • Medial Hamstrings become active at the beginning of the
stance phase(18-28% of stance), they are also active
throughout much of the swing phase. They act to extend the
hip and control the knee through concentric contraction. in
late swing, the hamstrings act eccentrically to control knee
extension and take the hip into extension again.
• Gastrocnemius muscle activity starts just after loading at heel
strike, remaining active up until 15% of the gait cycle (this is
where its activity begins in walking). It then re-starts its
activity in the last 15% of the swing phase.
• Tibialis anterior muscle is active through both stance and
swing phases in running. The swing phase when running, is
62% of the total gait cycle, compared to 40% when walking, so
TA is considerably more active when running. Its activity is
mainly concentric or isometric, enabling the foot to clear the
support surface during the swing phase of the running gait.
12. KINETICS
Winter and Bishop outlined the major goals associated with
athletic events.
1. Shock absorption and control of vertical collapse during any
weight acceptance phase.
2. Balance and posture control of the upper part of the body.
3. Energy generation associated with forward and upward
propulsion.
4. Control of direction changes of the center of mass of the
body.
13. Center of Pressure (COP)
• Pressure is initially focused on the lateral border of the heel.
• It moves rapidly to the medial aspect of the heel and to the
forefoot where two peaks of pressure of nearly equal
magnitude under the first and second metatarsal heads are
seen.
14. GROUND REACTION FORCE
• Antero-posterior , vertical and medio-lateral GRF can be
measured through traditional force platforms or an
instrumented treadmil.
15. • The Kinetic chain can be described as a series of joint
movements, that make up a larger movement.
• Running mainly uses sagittal movements as the arms and legs
move forwards.
• There is also a rotational component as the joints of the leg
lock to support the body weight on each side.
• There is also an element of counter pelvic rotation as the
chest moves forward on the opposite side.
• This rotation is produced at the spine, and is often referred to
as the spinal engine. This counter rotation enables the spinal
forces to be dissipated as the foot hits the ground.