1) The document describes the major arteries of the systemic circulation, including branches off the aorta such as the coronary, carotid, and brachial arteries. 2) It also details important veins that drain blood from the head, neck, arms and abdomen, including the internal and external jugular veins, brachial veins, and hepatic portal vein. 3) The hepatic portal system is summarized as carrying nutrient-rich blood from the abdominal viscera to the liver through the hepatic portal vein and its tributaries, before the blood continues to the inferior vena cava and heart.

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systemic arteries
Section 6, chapter 15

2. Arterial Divisions
•Aorta - Main trunk of the systemic circulation.
•Divisions of the aorta
•Aortic root = attachment to heart
•Ascending Aorta
•Aortic arch
•Thoracic aorta
•Abdominal aorta

3. Structures at the aortic root
1. Aortic Valve
2. Aortic Sinus - Swelling at aortic root
3. Aortic Bodies
• Chemoreceptors - monitor CO2 & O2 levels in blood
4. Right and left coronary arteries

4. Coronary Arteries
Right Coronary Artery branches
• Posterior interventricular artery:
• supplies walls of both ventricles
• Marginal artery:
• supplies right atrium and right ventricle
Left Coronary Artery branches
• Anterior interventricular artery:
• supplies walls of both ventricles
• Circumflex Artery:
• supplies left atrium and left ventricle
Blocked coronary artery = myocardial infarction

5. Branches of Aortic Arch
1. Brachiocephalic artery
• Right common carotid artery:
supplies right neck and head
• Right subclavian artery:
supplies right arm
2. Left common carotid artery
• supplies left neck and head
3. Left subclavian artery
• Supplies left arm

6. Branches of Thoracic Aorta
Grant’s Anatomy. Branches of the thoracic aorta
1. Bronchial Arteries – supplies bronchi
2. Pericardial artery – supplies pericardium
3. Esophageal arteries – supplies esophagus

7. Branches of Abdominal Aorta
Phrenic arteries
• supply diaphragm
Celiac Trunk
1. Gastric a. - supply stomach
2. Splenic a. – supply spleen & pancreas
3. Hepatic a. – supplies liver with O2 blood
Suprarenal a.
• Supplies adrenal glands
Superior Mesenteric a.
• Supplies small intestine

8. Branches of Abdominal Aorta
Renal arteries
• Supplies kidneys
Gonadal arteries.
• Male = testicular arteries
• Female = Ovarian arteries
Lumbar arteries
• Supplies skin and muscles of lower back
Inferior mesenteric artery
• Supplies most of large intestine

9. Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck
Divisions of Common Carotid Arteries
1. External Carotid Arteries
• Supplies blood to
face, neck, and scalp
2. Internal Carotid Arteries
• Supplies blood to brain
•
Provides 75% of blood to
brain
Carotid Sinus - point of bifurcation
• Carotid bodies – chemoreceptors
• Carotid baroreceptors
• Common site of stenosis (narrowing)

10. Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck
Branches of Internal Carotid Artery
1. Ophthalmic artery
• supplies eyes
2. Anterior cerebral artery
• supplies medial surface of brain
3. Middle cerebral artery
• Supplies lateral surface of brain
Internal carotid arteries

11. Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck
Vertebral Arteries
• Provides 25% of blood supply to
brain
• Branch from subclavian arteries
• Pass through transverse
foramen of cervical vertebrae
•Enter skull through foramen
magnum

12. Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck
Basilar Artery
• Both vertebral arteries merge to form a basilar
artery at the base of the brain.
• Supplies blood to brainstem
• Branch: Posterior cerebral artery
•Supplies occipital and temporal lobes

13. Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck
Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)
• Joins the internal carotid arteries with basilar artery at base of brain
• Provides anastomoses (alternate routes) for blood flow

14. Arteries to the Shoulder
and Upper Limb
Axillary Artery
• Arises from subclavian artery
Brachial Artery
• Continuation of axillary artery
• Used for measuring blood pressure
Ulnar Artery
• Continues along medial arm to wrist
Radial Artery
• Continues along lateral arm
to wrist
• Convenient vessel for taking
your pulse

15. Veins that drain the head
and neck
External Jugular Veins
• Drains blood from face, scalp, and neck
Internal Jugular Veins
• Drains blood from brain and
deep face
• Arise from dural sinuses
Dural Venous Sinuses
• Located between 2 layers of dura mater
• Major CSF draining pathway from brain

16. Veins that drain the arm
Ulnar & Radial Veins
• drain forearm and hands
• Merge for form brachial veins
Basilic Vein
• Located on medial aspect of arm
• Joins the brachial vein near the axilla
Axillary Vein
• Formed from the merging of basilic and
brachial veins
Cephalic Vein
• Courses upward on the lateral arm
• Joins axillary vein to form subclavian vein
Median Cubital Vein
• Joins basilic and cephalic veins at elbow
• Often the site of venipuncture

17. Hepatic Portal System
Portal System – drains blood
from one capillary bed into a
second capillary bed.
Hepatic Portal Vein (HPV)
• Carries nutrient rich blood
from abdominal viscera to
the liver for processing

18. Hepatic Portal System
Tributaries of Hepatic Portal Vein
• Gastric vein – blood from stomach
• Splenic vein – blood from spleen &
pancreas
• Superior mesenteric vein – blood
from small intestine
• Inferior mesenteric vein – blood
from large intestine
Pathway of Hepatic Portal System
Abdominal
Sinusoids
viscera
HPV
of Liver
Hepatic Vein
Inferior
Vena Cava
heart
End of Chapter 15