The document defines different types of exercises including active, passive, active assistive, aerobic, isometric, and isotonic exercises. It also lists the benefits of exercises such as improving cardiovascular function, mobility, and reducing blood pressure. The document provides general rules for exercises and defines different types of movements including flexion, extension, abduction, and rotation. It lists examples of movements for different body parts like shoulders, elbows, wrists, fingers, hips, and ankles.

2. Exercises is any physical activity involving
muscles that elevates heart rate above
resting levels.

3.  Active-performed by the client without assistance. Eg-deep
breathing,coughing exercises
Foot exercises etc
 Passive-exercises are carried out by the nurse without assistance
from the patient.
 Active assistive -exercises are performed by the patient with the
assistance from the nurse.
 Aerobic –Rhythmic form of physical exercises which improve the
cardiovascular fitness, improve general functional ability
 Isometric exercises-exercises are performed by the client by
contracting or relaxing muscles while keeping the part in fixed
position (lifting a weight above ground)
 Isotonic exercises-exercises in which opposing muscles contracts
and there is a controlled movement (walking ,running)
 Range of motion exercises-maintain joint movement and maintain or
increase flexibility.

4.  Normalize the glucose tolerance
 Improves gait and balance
 Improves cardiovascular function
 Increases energy
 Promotes bone density
 Improves mobility
 Promotes weight loss
 Reduces BP
 Lowers cholesterol
 Improves sleep

5. GENERAL RULES
1. Use good body mechanics
2. Expose only body parts being exposed
3. Support extremity being exercised
4. Move each joint slowly, smoothly and
gently
5. Return the joint to the neutral position
after the movement
6. Do each exercises 10 times

6.  Abduction-moving a body part away from the
midline
 Adduction-moving a body part toward the midline
 Flexion-bending a body part
 Extension-straightening a body part
 Hyperextension-excessive straightening of body
part
 Rotation-moving in a circle at a joint
 -internal & external-towards body’s midline and
away from the body’s midline

7.  Pronation-turing a body part to face downward
 Supination-turning a body part to face upward
 Inversion-turning the feet inward so the toes are pointing towards
the midline
 Eversion-turning the feet outward, so toes are pointing away from the
midline or movement of soles laterally, so that the soles face away
from each other.
 Dorsiflexion-bending of the foot at the ankle in the direction of the
dorsum (superior surface)-standing on heels
 Plantar flexion-bending of the foot at the ankle joint in the direction of
the plantar (inferior surface)-standing on toes
 Lateral flexion -Movement of a body part to the side is called lateral
flexion. This type of movement is commonly associated with the
neck and spine.

8. Circumduction-moving of a body part in
widening circles. it occurs as a result of
continuous sequence of flexion, abduction,
extension and adduction
Eg-moving the humorous in circle at the
shoulder joint
Opposition-it is the movement of the thumb
across the palm to touch finger tips on the
same hand as touch thumb to each finger.

9.  Neck- flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral
extension
 Shoulder- flexion, extension, hyperextension,
abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external
rotation, circumduction
 Elbow-flexion, extension
 Forearm- supination,pronation
 Wrist-flexion,extension,
hyperextension,abduction,adduction
 Fingers- flexion, extension, hyperextension,
abduction, adduction


10. Thumb- flexion,extension, abduction,
adduction,opposition
HIP-Flexion,extension,hyperextension,
adduction, internal rotation, external
rotation, circumduction
KNEE-Flexion,Extension
Ankle- dorsal flexion, plantar flexion
Foot- inversion, eversion
Toes- flexion, extension, abduction,
adduction