Sandomierz is an historic city in Poland situated on loess hills along the Vistula River. It contains over 120 architectural monuments from different eras, including the Gothic Opatowska Gate and Church of St. James. Natural attractions include the Queen Jadwiga Gorge, a half kilometer ravine, and Pepper Mountains, the oldest mountains in Europe. The city is also known as the filming location for the popular TV series "Father Matthew".
Presentation is about the Perlis of Polish Architecture, Natural Wonders and Modern Architecture. It presents some monuments and wonders, which have Historical and cultural value in Poland
Presentation is about the Perlis of Polish Architecture, Natural Wonders and Modern Architecture. It presents some monuments and wonders, which have Historical and cultural value in Poland
Construct Validity of the School Academic Optimism Scale among Elementary Sch...Jessica Harlan
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Foreign Relations: Perceived Impact on Kenya’s DevelopmentIpsos
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. Sandomierz is one of the oldest, most beautiful and
historically important Polish cities. It is situated on the loess
hills. More than 120 monuments of architecture from different
eras preserved here .Sandomierz is closely related to Polish
historical events. Natural attraction of the city are Pepper
Mountains, classified as the oldest mountains in Europe.The
Queen Jadwiga gorge stretching over a distance of half a
kilometer is frequently visited by tourists.
3. Queen Jadwiga Gorge is
located in the south-western
part of the city. The gorge
begins near the church of St.
Paul on the Hill. It is a vast
loess ravine, the most
interesting and most beautiful
in the city. It was created as a
result of water erosion. It is
worth seeing. The length of
the gorge is about 500m. The
maximum height is more than
10m.
4. Pepper Mountains are part of
the Sandomierz Upland close
to the Vistula River valley.
Pepper Mountains are
protected as a nature reserve.
The reserve has a varied
landscape with numerous
escarpments and gorges. In
Pepper Mountains there are
very old rock outcrops that
have arisen over 500mln years
ago. Near the mountains
there is a lake.
5. Opatowska Gate is a Gothic
gate built in the 2nd half
XIVcentury, with the help of
Casimir the Great, as part of
the city walls. In the years
1928-1929 Opatowska gate was
covered with reinforced
concrete ceiling and opened
to the public. At the moment
you can climb to the top of the
gate to admire the beautiful
view of the city and its
surroundings.
6. The Church of St. James, also
known as the Shrine of Blessed
Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs,
Monastery of Dominicans , Shrine
of Our Lady of the Rosary ( is one
of the oldest brick churches in
Poland, probably in Europe) and
the second oldest Dominican
monastery in Poland . This church
is unique, built in Romano-
Gothic style. The Roman ceramic
decorations on the outside walls
are unusual and beautifully done.
It is one of the most important
churches in Poland.
7. Sandomierz City Hall - was
built shortly after the invasion
of the Lithuanians in 1349. The
southern part is the oldest and
comes from this period. In the
sixteenth century it was rebuilt
in the form of an elongated
rectangle, then topped with a
three-zone attic. The corners of
the attic are decorated with the
head of the four states. The
tower was built in the
seventeenth century. On the
southern wall of the town hall
there is a sundial. At 12.00
people can hear the bugle call
of Sandomierz from the town
hall tower.
8. Cathedral Basilica of the Nativity
of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a
Gothic church built around 1360,
it expanded in the first half of the
fifteenth century. The baroque
facade of the church comes from
1670. The walls of the aisles are
decorated with paintings from
1708-1737, painted by K. de Prevot,
representing, among others
slaughter of Sandomierz people
by the Tatars and ritual murder.
In the cathedral there are
numerous tombs. Valuable
souvenirs related to the history
are kept in the cathedral treasury.
9.
10. The Royal Castle is a
medieval buildning in
Sandomierz. It was built on
the coast of the Vistula
River by Casimir III the
Great and extended in 16
century. Primary building
was blown up in 1656,
leaving only the west wing.
About the year 1825 the
building was adapted to
prison (located here until
1959). Nowadays there is a
District Museum inside the
castle.
11. Zegota- the castellan of
Cracow built a wooden
church and hospital of
St. Spirit. Originally it
was a Gothic church of
the fifteenth century. It
was rebuilt in the
Baroque style in the
second half of the
seventeenth century.
12. Church of St. Michael
the Archangel (formerly
PP. Benedictine) was
built in the years 1686-
1692 by the Zamość
architect John Michael
Link. It was consecrated
in 1692 by Kraków
Bishop John
Malachowski. In 1903,
the buildings, including
the church were taken
over by the Seminary.
13. The synagogue is a baroque
building built in its present
form in 1758, with a later
extension to the north in
the first half of the
nineteenth century . It was
devastated during World
War II. It was renovated
and adapted to the needs
of the National Archives in
the 60s.
14. St. Paul’s church is a
Gothic building ,
built between 1426-
1434.It was enlarged
and rebuilt in the
seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries.
It had early Baroque
and the Baroque
interior.
15. Bishop's Palace was built in
1864. The building is
rectangular, two-storey,
decorated with a small
upper attic. In front of the
main entrance there is a
symbolic garden with a
metal fence. At the back of
the palace there is a bigger
garden surrounded by a
high wall.
16. The Underground Tourist Route
is the system of old fourteenth
and fifteenth century cellars
where merchants from
Sandomierz storaged their
goods. It was created by
combining the old underground
cellars and warehouses. The
route leads under eight
buildings. Sandomierz
dungeons are shrouded in
legend. Halls and chambers
under the town are known for
mysteries. The most famous
legend is about Halina
Krępianka , who was burried
with the Tartars in the secret
corridors.
.
17. "Father Matthew" the most popular TV series is shot
in Sandomierz .The Series tells the adventures of the
Roman Catholic priest who, after returning from a
mission in Belarus is sent to a small parish. He solves
mysteries and helps the local police. He also provides
help to his parishioners, as well as to all those who
are in need. The film shows the most beautiful places
in Sandomierz.
18. Sandomierz was called "Little Rome".This simllarity is emphasized mailny by
older residents. Both Rome and Sandomierz lie on seven hills. Moreover, there
are tunnels and dungeons under two cities. And finally, both cities have various
and beautiful history.
According to one story in order to check your future or even predict a kind of
death, you should go to the cathedral and find the martyr born on the same date
as yours. There are 12 pictures- as many as months. Each of them presents the
number of hartyr corresponding to the number of days.
In front of St. James church old lime trees grow. According to the legend, St.
Jacek Odrowąż planted them making a miracle, because he planed them upside
down and the trees began to grow.
19. Thank you for your attention.
created by Aleksandra Sideł