Asimiyu Mohammed JINADU Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, Nigeria, Federal Republif of

1. RURAL HAZARDS AND VULNERABILITY
ASSESSMENT IN THE DOWNSTREAM SECTOR
OF SHIRORO DAM, NIGERIA
By
Prof. A.M Jinadu
Centre for Disaster Risk Management & Development
Studies, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
E-mail: jinaduola@futminna.edu.ng

2. Introduction
• In many parts of the developing world, poor communities
often occupy hazard prone areas for number of reasons.
 Poor access to land and shelter
 Economic disadvantage and poverty
 Search for livelihoods and struggle for economic survival
• Rural communities occupying river flood plains suffer from
the negative impacts of downstream flood disaster such as:
 Loss of crop and agricultural land
 Soil degradation
 Home and property destructions
 Ill health etc.

3. Introduction
• Such communities have low coping capacity as a result of
 High level of illiteracy and low technological skill
 Poverty and high dependency ratio
 Lack of basic infrastructure
 Absence of local disaster management institutions and local
disaster plan
• They are less protected against the impacts of disaster.
• To make matter worse, disaster management efforts in these
countries focus mainly on urban areas to the neglect of rural
settlements.

4. Research setting
• Nigeria is a tropical country situated in the
West coast of Africa.
Longitudes 30 and 140 East
Latitudes 40 and 140 North
Population over 140 million
Area 923,768sq km
Coats line 843 km
Seasons Dry and Wet seasons

6. Research setting
• The two villages studied are situated in Niger State,
Nigeria:
(i) Gussoro Village Longitude 06°44.071´ East
Latitude 09°59.113´North
(ii) Gurmana Longitude 100.5’ East
Latitude 06°37’ North
• They are situated downstream of Shiroro hydroelectric
dams built on River Kaduna in Niger State, Nigeria.
• The river flood plain has rich alluvial soils with great
agricultural potentials.

8. Hazards Vulnerability Assessment
• Hazards identified in the Villages are:
Flood
Disease epidemics
Erosion
Dilapidated buildings
Land degradation.
These hazards occur as a result of both natural
factors and the living habit of the people

9. Flooding and Epidemics hazards
Gurmana village located on river Bank Poor toilet and sanitation at Gusoro

10. Health Hazard and Poor health facilities
Shallow well (water source) at Gurmana Poor Village clinic at Gurmana

11. Risk of Building Collapse and land Degradation
Risk of building collapse at Gusoro Land degradation at Gusoro

12. Table 2: Hazard Severity, Probability and Priority Ranking
Identified hazards Risk level Likelihood impacts Priority
ranking
Flood Medium Highly probable Significant 2nd
Erosion Medium Probable Moderate 3rd
Disease epidemics High Highly probable Significant 1st
Building Collapse Medium Probable Moderate 3rd
Land degradation Medium Probable Moderate 3rd

13. Indices of Vulnerability
High illiteracy level with 61% having no formal
education
High poverty level with 45% living below 1.08
dollar/ day
Low access to credit facilities( only 13.0% have
access)
High dependency ratio with 49.93% (below 10 and
over 60 years)
Large household size (with 68.5% having between
7 and 20 members).

14. Indices of Vulnerability
 Unsanitary shallow wells and rivers as sources of
drinking water for 80.02% of residents
 59.28% of residents used shallow pit latrines while
others used open defecation
 Poor access to healthcare facilities (only 2 non-
conventional dispensaries and one clinic with no
facilities and two low skill personnel)
 Difficult access (poor earth roads with rugged terrain)
 No disaster plan, village committee and disaster
management institution

15. Added ValueRecommendations
• The research outputs was presented to the local disaster
management agency as:
- Advocacy tool, suggesting a re-orientation of disaster management focus
and efforts in Nigeria to include the rural areas.
- Inputs for integrated CBDRR programme in the rural areas of the State.
• Recommendations for promoting DRR and community
resilience in the study area.
- Provision of health and water facilities
- Disaster education and basic hygiene training
- Access to credit facilities for poverty reduction
- Alternative livelihood programmes to attract residents to safer areas.

16. Added ValueRecommendationsConclusion
• The existing high level of access to radio and GSM to be used
by Niger State Emergency Management Agency (NSEMA) to:
- Mount vigorous advocacy disaster education programme in the area.
- Disseminate disaster information to create awareness in the rural areas
 The study shows that Gusoro and Gurmana, just like
many other villages in the downstream sector of Shiroro
Dam are vulnerable to hazards and are at the risk of
disasters. The villages have low coping capacity and are
in need of serious DRR programmes to reduce the level
of risk and build the resilience of the communities to
natural and man-induced disasters.

17. THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENSION
&
GOD BLESS