This document discusses Bio-CNG (biodegradable compressed natural gas), which is produced from biogas through additional processing. Biogas is produced from biomass and contains primarily methane and carbon dioxide. To produce Bio-CNG, the biogas undergoes biological desulphurization to remove hydrogen sulfide, followed by upgrading using water scrubbers or pressure swing adsorption to increase the methane content. The methane-rich gas is then compressed to high pressures between 20-25 MPa and stored for use. Bio-CNG has advantages over fossil fuels as it is renewable, has a high calorific value suitable for vehicles, and produces lower greenhouse gas emissions. However, producing Bio-CNG also faces

1. BIO-CNG
S K Singh
Centre for Energy Studies
IIT Delhi

2. Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Composition of BIO-CNG
3. Preparation
4. Properties
5. Advantages
6. Disadvantages and Challenges
7. Status Quo

3. Introduction:
● Biodegradable Compressed Natural Gas
● Biogas is produced from Biomass
● Subsequent Processing gives BIOCNG
● Renewable Source of Energy

4. ● First BIO-CNG plant: Dane County, Wisconsin; December 2010
● Set up by Cornerstone
● First BIOCNG plant of India : Pune;2016 by Primove

5. Composition:
Constituents of BioGas

6. Constituents %Composition
CH4 92-95
CO2 2-4
H2S ~0
Constituents of BioCNG

7. Head to Head: Biogas vs BioCNG

8. Preparation:

9. Processes at the Bio CNG plant:
Biological Desulphurization: To remove H2S by Thiobacillic action

10. Upgradation:
With Water Scrubbers:

11. Pressure Swing Adsorption: Used to separate some gas species from a mixture of gases
under pressure with a Zeolite or Coke adsorbent

12. Compression and Storage:
The Methane laden Gas coming out of Upgradation process is compressed to high
pressures of 20-25 MPa and stored in bottles or storage tanks, ready for dispatch

13. Properties:
● Colorless and Odorless
● At pressures of 20-25 Mpa
● High Calorific Value of 52KJ/Kg
● Doesn’t produce smoke
● Ignition temperature around 500 degrees Celsius

14. Advantages and Opportunities:
● Renewable Source of Energy
● High Calorific value, ideal for usage in Automobiles
● Can replace CNG for all practical purposes in the coming years
● Would cost half of what fossil fuels cost once system is up and running
● Large amounts of waste generated in India

15. Greenhouse gases emissions: (in percentage CO2 equivalents)
Petrol Diesel BioCNG

16. Superior to BioGas and CNG!
● 167% higher calorific value and nearly 30% more Methane content
● Lesser emissions than BioGas
● Lesser presence of gases like CO2, H2S,moisture and other Impurities
● More efficient production process than BioGas
● Renewable source of energy unlike CNG

17. Disadvantages and Challenges:
● High Initial Fixed Investment
● Lack of Skilled Professionals
● Lesser Driving range
● Requires a lot of boot space in Vehicles
● Building of Efficient Pipelines for transportation

18. ● Improper Purification can lead to corrosion of metal parts in Vehicles
● Sources of feed materials not consistent
● Lack of proper regulations and checks on Industries

19. Status Quo in India:

21. ● National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India setting up a
plant in Azad Mandi
● Punjab Bureau of Industrial Promotion setting up plant in Ludhiana
● GOI and Maharatna PSUs planning to pump in 70 billion rupees

22. References:
1.https://www.cag.org.in/blogs/potential-bio-compressed-natural-gas-bio-cng
2.https://renewablewatch.in/2018/08/19/biogas-bio-cng/
3.https://www.pmc.gov.in/en/biogas-initiative
4.Wikipedia