Biomass Energy Resourses; Mechanism of green plant
photosynthesis, effiency of conversion, solar energy plantation,
Biogas- Types of Biogas plants, factors affecting production
rates, Pyrolysis, Gasifess Types & Classification of vegetable
oils a a liquid fuel and their properties, esterification process,
formation of Biodiesel, Biodiesel & its properties, suitable species
for Biodiesel formation and its cultivation, byproduct formation
during esterification, Biodiesel economics.
A short introduction to Gasification process and a brief description on various types of Gasifiers used in industries to obtain fuel and energy through this presentation.
References:-
1. http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/01/types-gasifier/
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasification
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkHKXz3VaFg
4. https://www.google.co.in/
Gasifiers are generally classified according to the fluidization regime in the gasifier; moving bed, fluidized bed, and entrained flow. This chapter provides examples of each type of gasifier. The Lurgi gasifier is the oldest gasifier technology that is still widely used in commercial practice.
Biomass Energy Resourses; Mechanism of green plant
photosynthesis, effiency of conversion, solar energy plantation,
Biogas- Types of Biogas plants, factors affecting production
rates, Pyrolysis, Gasifess Types & Classification of vegetable
oils a a liquid fuel and their properties, esterification process,
formation of Biodiesel, Biodiesel & its properties, suitable species
for Biodiesel formation and its cultivation, byproduct formation
during esterification, Biodiesel economics.
A short introduction to Gasification process and a brief description on various types of Gasifiers used in industries to obtain fuel and energy through this presentation.
References:-
1. http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/01/types-gasifier/
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasification
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkHKXz3VaFg
4. https://www.google.co.in/
Gasifiers are generally classified according to the fluidization regime in the gasifier; moving bed, fluidized bed, and entrained flow. This chapter provides examples of each type of gasifier. The Lurgi gasifier is the oldest gasifier technology that is still widely used in commercial practice.
BIOMASS GASIFICATION,gasification and gasifier.
A slide about biomass gasification including brief description about thermo-chemical conversion process and applications
Bioenergy draws on a wide range of potential feedstock materials: forestry and agricultural residues and wastes of many sorts, as well as material grown specifically for energy purposes. The raw materials can be converted to heat for use in buildings and industry, to electricity, or into gaseous or liquid fuels, which can be used in transport, for example. This degree of flexibility is unique amongst the different forms of renewable energy.
Composition analysis of biomass for biofuels ICRISAT
Composition of biomass feedstocks is highly variable. High throughput and accurate characterization of biomass feedstocks is a necessity for any biomass-to-biofuels conversion program as it enables evaluation of conversion yields and process economics.
BIOMASS GASIFICATION,gasification and gasifier.
A slide about biomass gasification including brief description about thermo-chemical conversion process and applications
Bioenergy draws on a wide range of potential feedstock materials: forestry and agricultural residues and wastes of many sorts, as well as material grown specifically for energy purposes. The raw materials can be converted to heat for use in buildings and industry, to electricity, or into gaseous or liquid fuels, which can be used in transport, for example. This degree of flexibility is unique amongst the different forms of renewable energy.
Composition analysis of biomass for biofuels ICRISAT
Composition of biomass feedstocks is highly variable. High throughput and accurate characterization of biomass feedstocks is a necessity for any biomass-to-biofuels conversion program as it enables evaluation of conversion yields and process economics.
Production of Syngas from biomass and its purificationAwais Chaudhary
This project includes production of syngas from biomass and its purification. Firstly we discuss feasibility and availability of raw material. Then we have literature survey. A lot of techniques are there to produce syngas, we have discuss process selection. Environmental considerations are also have been discussed. Piping and instrumentation (P&ID) diagrams also have been attached. At the end we've our conclusion and our recommendations.
Biomass gasification is a chemical process that convert
biomass into useful convenient gaseous fuel. It has emerged as a promising technology to fulfill the increasing energy demands of the world as well as to reduce significantly the volume of Biomass waste generated in developing societies.
Gasification produce gases like CO,CO2, H2 and CH4; these gas released are called Syngas.
Gasification technology can be used for:
Household Fuel
Electricity and Steam Generation
In internal combustion engines as a fuel
In a gasifier, the biomass undergoes several different processes like drying, pyrolysis, combustion and gasification process
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
3. Biomass Composition
Four main groups of compounds.
1. Water
2. Inorganic compounds (called ash): K, Ca, Mg, P, S, N, Si,...
3. Extractives: non-structural compounds which can be leached using solvents
• Sugars and starch
• Lipids (oils and fats), waxes and resins
• Proteins and peptides
4. Cell wall: structural compounds consisting of three kinds of polymers:
Hemicellulose, Cellulose, Lignin.
5. Properties of Biomass
Physical
• Density
• Particle and Bulk : in designing the logistic system for biomass handling and transport
• Thermal (conductivity and specific heat)
• In thermochemical conversion processes, biomass are subject to heat conduction across and along
their fiber
• Morphology (particle size, sphericity)
• affects the mixing, surface area for heat transfer and the flow behavior of biomass particles
Chemical
• Proximate Analysis
• Ultimate Analysis
6. Basis of Analysis
Four basis of analysis commonly used for expressing biomass analysis results
1. As received basis
• based on the total weight of sample as it arrived at the laboratory and prior to any pre-treatment
2. Air dried basis
• based on the condition in which the sample is in equilibrium with atmospheric humidity
• It neglects the presence of moisture other than inherent moisture
3. Dry basis
• based on the condition in which biomass is free from moisture
4. Dry ash free basis
• based on a condition in which the sample is considered free from all moistures and ash
7. Proximate Analysis
• It is the determination of weight percentages of
• moisture content
• volatile matter
• ash content
• fixed carbon
• It is based on weight loss after oven treatment at certain temperatures
• Many methods – ASTM Standard, European Standard
8. Proximate Analysis
1. Water content (moisture content, MC):
• Important property in thermochemical conversion: water has to be
evaporated (except in hydrothermal processes) and requires latent heat
• Weighed sample is heated at 105 ± 3 °C in a muffle for at least 3 h but not
longer than 72 h and weighed after cooling
• The process is repeated until its weight remains unchanged
• Freely available water = water available above equilibrium concentration
(e.g : Pine: 9 wt.% equilibrium concentration water at Tair = 20°C and RHair = 0.5)
• Bound water(= total moisture content – free water) is the water bound to the
cell wall constituents.
9. Proximate Analysis
2. Ash content :
• Ash is the incombustible solid mineral matter in fuel (the inorganic remnant after
combustion)
• It mainly contains of oxides of Si(silica), Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Ti, Na, K
• Measured by combusting the dried biomass sample in a muffle furnace at 575 ± 25 °C
for 3 h, cooled and weighed, followed by a further 1 h at 575 ± 25 °C until sample
mass varies by less than 0.3 mg from previous weighing
• High levels of alkali/alkaline metals, higher concentrations of chlorine lead to
deposition of corrosive ash in biomass-fired boilers
• Properties of the biomass ashes is helpful to predict the tendency to form deposits in
the boiler components and composition of char produced in pyrolyser and gasifier
10. Proximate Analysis
3. Volatile matter (VM) :
• The condensable vapor and permanent gases (exclusive of water vapor)
released from biomass when it is heated
• The dried biomass sample is put in a covered crucible to avoid contact with air
during devolatilization(in an inert atmosphere)
• Then the covered crucible is placed in a furnace at 950 °C and heated for 7
minutes. Later, the crucible is taken out, cooled in a desiccator, and weighed
• The weight loss due to devolatilization is the volatile matter content
• According to Chouhan and Sarma, higher volatile matter content implies
increased amount of bio-oil production via pyrolysis
11. Proximate Analysis
4.Fixed Carbon:
• The solid combustible residue that
remains after biomass is heated and
the volatile matter is expelled
• Determined as :
FC = 100 – Ash – MC – VM
13. Thermogravimetric Analysis
• It gives a continuous record of the weight loss of the sample being heated
• It can be used to predict optimum pyrolysis temperature ranges and expected
char yields
• It can be used to perform proximate analysis
• Klass obtained that the differences between the results from the ASTM
standard and TGA methods were small
15. Ultimate Analysis
• Ultimate analysis is more specific in that it analyzes the elemental composition
of the organic portion of materials
• The compositions of C,H,N,S,O are determined on a mass percent basis
• Results are usually expressed on dry biomass basis or dry ash free basis
• It is usually performed by using elemental analyzers through the combustion of
a weighed biomass sample in a controlled atmosphere
• C,H,N are converted into CO2, H2O, N2 respectively for quantification
• Usually, oxygen is calculated from the difference (100-C-H-N-S)
16. Ultimate Analysis
Sulphur :
• Results in SOx emissions during combustion
• Biomass: typically < 0.1 wt.% , however fossil fuels > 1 wt.%
• Combustion of fossil fuels requires active removal of SOx from the flue gases
Nitrogen :
• yields NOx emissions during combustion and latter passed over heated high
purity copper resulting in N2
• Usually, N content is low in fossil fuels but can be high (> 1 wt.%) in certain
biomass feedstocks due to the presence of proteins
17. Ultimate analysis
• O/C and H/C ratios on Van-Krevelen diagram
• The atomic ratios of O/C and H/C determine
the fuel quality of biomass, biomass-derived
products and fossil fuels
• If O/C ↑ then HHV ↓. If H/C ↑ then HHV ↑
•
18.
19. Heating Value
• Heating value represents the heat released when the chemical compound is
stoichiometrically combusted.
• It is usually expressed as Higher Heating Value (HHV) and/or Lower Heating
Value (LHV).
• While measuring HHV, the products of combustion are cooled to the initial
temperature of the compound. In LHV, the water produced during combustion is
not condensed.
• HHV = LHV + latent heat (heat of evaporation at 25°C) of water vapor in the
combustion gases
20. Heating Value
• It is measured by means of a bomb calorimeter
• HHV can be estimated based on the known elemental
composition (C,H,N,O,S and ash in wt.%) of the biomass
(the so-called Dulong formula),
HHV(in kJ/kg) = 349.1C +1178.3H +100.5S -103.4O-15.1N -21.1ash
21. Conclusions
• Proximate Analysis determines weight percentage of moisture content, volatile
matter, ash and fixed carbon
• Ultimate analysis is more specific in that it analyzes the elemental composition of
the organic portion of materials
• Heating value represents the heat released when the chemical compound is
stoichiometrically combusted