10. Primer
Sealer
Synthetic polymer points/ pellets
Lower temperatures than GP
Miner et al.
Nielsen & Baumgartner
Shipper et al.
11. Susceptibility to degradation- Tay et al.
Interfacial strength analysis: Gesi et al.
Stratton et al,Von Fraunhofer et al.
Wang et al.
Epley et al.
Williams et al.
Karr et al.
J Endod 2007; 33: 749-752
13. “GETAH”: gum
“PERTJA”: name of the tree in Malay
language
JohnTradescant: 1656- ‘ MazerWood’
Dr. William Montgomerie: Gold medal in
1843
Ernst Werner von Siemans: 1848
Prakash et al. Gutta- percha: An untold story- ENDODONTOLOGY
14. Alexander Cabriol & Duclos: first GP patent
Hamock & Bewley: 1845
James Paterson: 1845- hand moulded golf
balls ‘Gutties’
Field of Medicine
Prakash et al. Gutta- percha: An untold story- ENDODONTOLOGY
15. EdwinTruman: Temporary filling material
Hill’s stopping: 1847
Bowman: 1867- root canal filling material
Perry: 1883
S.S. White company: 1887
Rollins: 1893
Prakash et al. Gutta- percha: An untold story- ENDODONTOLOGY
16. Callahan: 1914
Ingle & Levine: 1959
Standardized GP: 2nd International
Conference at Philadelphia – 1959
ISO: 1976
ADA # 78
Prakash et al. Gutta- percha: An untold story- ENDODONTOLOGY
17. Rubber trees :Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia,
Brazil
Mimusops globsa, Manilkara bidentata,
Blanco genus
Palaqium gutta, Isonanadra gutta,
Dichopis gutta
Prakash et al. Gutta- percha: An untold story- ENDODONTOLOGY
21. Crude form
Gutta : 75- 82 %
Alban: 14- 16%
Fluavil: 4-6 %
Tannin, salts, saccharine substances
Prakash et al. Gutta- percha: An untold story- ENDODONTOLOGY
22. 19% to 22% Balata
59% to 75% zinc oxide
Waxes
Coloring agents
Antioxidants
Metallic salts
J.L. Gutmann. Root Canal Obturation: An Update. www.ineedce.com
23. Dental GP- not mostly GP
ZnO: 50-79%
Heavy metal salts: 1- 17 %
Wax or resin: 1- 14%
Actual GP: 19- 22%
Obturation of Root Canal Systems- Endodontics: Colleagues for Excellence- Fall 2009
30. Coagulation
Obach’s technique
Aging: rejuvenation
Prakash et al. Gutta- percha: An untold story- ENDODONTOLOGY
31. ISO sizes
0.04 & 0.06 taper
Traditional sizes
Pellets
32. Low humidity
Effects of high
humidity
Senia et al.- 5.25%
NaOCl – 1 minute
Short et al.
Valois et al.
Gomes et al.
33. Solid core Gutta-percha points
- Standardized
- Non standardized
Thermo mechanical compactibleGP
Thermo plasticizedGP
- Solid core system
- Injectable form
MedicatedGutta-percha
Prakash et al. Gutta- percha: An untold story- ENDODONTOLOGY
34. Toxicity
Sjogren et al.
Serene et al.
Cross reactivity
Costa et al. , Hamann et al.
Solubility
35. Plasticity at relatively low temperatures
Heat cycling
Shrinkage: 1-2 %
Relative inability to transmit heat for
softening and 3D molding
SimonsW. Revolutionary Advances, Part 3: Pursuit of the 3-D cork. DentistryToday. 2015
Obturation of Root Canal Systems- Endodontics: Colleagues for Excellence- Fall 2009
36. Natural
Inert
High biocompatibility
Dimensionally stable
Thermoplastic
Compactable
Radiopaque
Dissolvable
Antibacterial activity
SimonsW. Revolutionary Advances, Part 3: Pursuit of the 3-D cork. DentistryToday. 2015
37. Distorted by pressure
Forced through the apical foramen if too
much pressure is used
Not rigid
A sealer is necessary
Carrotte P. Endodontics: Part 8. Filling the Root Canal System. British Dental Journal 197, 667- 672
(2004)
38. Smart materials-
Designed materials that have one or more properties
that can be significantly changed
in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as
stress, temperature, moisture, pH, and electric or
magnetic fields
Badamill & Ahuja. Biosmart Materials: Braeaking New Ground in Dentistry. Hindawi Publications.
Vol. 2014
43. ZnO
Russian Red
Trailement SPAD
MTA
Paraformaldehyde
44. Eastern Europe, Asian & Pacific rim nations
Orstavik
http://www.dentstal.com
Powder:
Dexamethazone 20mg
Resorcin 11g
Zinc oxide 50 g
BaSO4 29g
Liquid:
Formaldehyde solution 10 ml
Catalyst:
Resorcin 20g
HCl 2 ml
Aqua destillata about 1000m
45. Conventional core filling materials cannot be
used
Drawbacks: Somewhat difficult handling
characteristics
Extended setting time of at least 3 hours or
more
47. Whitworth J. Methods of Filling Root canls: Principles & Practices. EndoTopics. 2005, 12, 2- 24
48. Angelo Sargenti- Early 1950s
Sargenti Paste
N2
N2 Normal
N2 Medical
N2 Universal
N2 Apical
RC-2B
RC-2W
TCM
White One-Step Endodontic Formula
Endodilato
Barrett S. BeWary of Sargenti Paste. Dental Watch. 09. 01. 2014
49. Easier and faster to place
Release HCHO
Serious injuries to surrounding tissues
50. Brewer D.L.
SchwartzeT.
Position statement by AAE in 1991
No FDA approval
Proponents: 1969- American Endodontic
Society
Sargenti Opposition Society: 2008
52. ‘A radiopaque dental cement used, usually in
combination with a solid or semi-solid core
material, to fill voids and to seal root canals
during obturation’
- Glossary of EndodonticTerms
54. 1. It should be tacky when mixed to provide
good adhesion between it and the canal wall
when set.
2. It should make a hermetic seal.
3. It should be radiopaque so it can be
visualized in the radiograph.
4.The particles of powder should be very fine
so they can mix easily with the liquid.
5. It should not shrink upon setting.
6. It should not stain tooth structure.
55. 7. It should be bacteriostatic or at least not
encourage bacterial growth.
8. It should set slowly.
9. It should be insoluble in tissue fluids.
10. It should be tissue tolerant, that is,
nonirritating to periradicular tissues.
11. It should be soluble in a common solvent, if
it is necessary to remove the root canal
filling
56. 12. It should not provoke an immune response
in periradicular tissues. ( Block et al.)
13. It should be neither mutagenic nor
carcinogenic. ( Harnden & Lewis)
57. The sealer should adhere to the obturating
material, usually gutta percha, when placed in
the canal, and should adhere to the canal wall
with its irregularities to completely fill the canal
space.
Gatewood R.S. Endodontic Materials. Dent Clin N Am 51 (2007) 695–712
58. The core material itself does not provide an
adhesive seal to the canal wall.To create
and maintain a fluid-tight seal of the
canal is a prime requirement of a sealer
Gatewood R.S. Endodontic Materials. Dent Clin N Am 51 (2007) 695–712
59. The sealer should contribute to the
radiopacity of the root filling for
visualization on radiographs and
evaluation of obturation of lateral canals
and apical ramifications.
Gatewood R.S. Endodontic Materials. Dent Clin N Am 51 (2007) 695–712
60. Any shrinkage of the sealer would tend to
create gaps at the dentin interface or
within the core material, compromising
the seal.
Components of sealer should not leach into
dentin leading to coronal or cervical
discoloration of the crown
Gatewood R.S. Endodontic Materials. Dent Clin N Am 51 (2007) 695–712
61. This property is desirable, but increasing
the antibacterial qualities of a sealer also
increases its toxicity to host tissues.
Should set slowly. A sealer must have ample
working time to
allow for placement during obturation
and adjustment in the case of immediate
post-space preparation.
Gatewood R.S. Endodontic Materials. Dent Clin N Am 51 (2007) 695–712
62. Stability of sealer when set is a prime factor
in maintaining a hermetic seal over time.
This is compromised if fluid contact
causes dissolution of the sealer.
Biocompatibility of the sealer promotes
periradicular repair. Most sealers tend to
be more tissue-toxic in the unset state
and considerably less toxic when fully
set.
Gatewood R.S. Endodontic Materials. Dent Clin N Am 51 (2007) 695–712
63. To allow for retreatment or post-space
preparation, the sealer and the core
material should be removable.This can
be facilitated by using a solvent.
Gatewood R.S. Endodontic Materials. Dent Clin N Am 51 (2007) 695–712
88. Orstavik
ANSI/ADA & ISO
Flow,WT, ST
Radiopacity
Solubility & disintegration
Dimensional change following setting
Biologic tests, Usage tests , Antibacterial
testing
Clinical test
89. Juhasz et al.-Sealapex allowed more leakage
than Pulp Canal Sealer
Cobankara et al.- Sealapex
Orucoglu et al. Diaket + cold lateral
compaction
Saleh et al.
Pommel et al.
Lee et al.
Tagger et al.
90. Miletic et al.
Spangberg & Pascon
Economides et al.
Huumonen et al.
91. Orstavik
Lacey et al.
McMichen et al
Tagger et al.
Orstavik. EndodonticTopics 2005, 12, 25–38
92. Nielsen et al.
Anaerobic: Ketac-Endo
& Resilon
Aerobic: KerrTubli Seal
& Ketac Endo
Roth’s 801 & 811-
slowest
Kazemi et al:
- ZOE: 4 hours
- Endomethasone: 9 hrs
- Endo-Fill: 2.5 hrs
- AH-26: 12 hrs
Orstavik et al.
Flow as a function of
time
ZOE sealers
93. ZOE & Ca(OH)2
Schafer & Zandbiglari
AH plus
Kazemi et al.
ZOE sealers
Endo- Fill : least
Endo- Fill & AH- 26-
lower rates
94. Minimum: 3mm Al
Std. GP points: 6mmAl
Orstavik. EndodonticTopics 2005, 12, 25–38
97. Sipert et al.
Pizzo et al.
Williamson et al.
Siqueira and Goncalves
Leonardo et al.
Kayaoglu et al.
Aravind et al.
JCD. Iss. 9(1): 2006