this presentation of mine is a brief overview of root canal obturation. It includes types of Obturating materials , their advantages and disadvantages , sealers . It also includes obturating techniques like lateral compaction , warm vertical compaction , thermoplasticized injection technique and carrier technique etc
This document provides information on root canal obturation materials. It defines obturation as the three dimensional filling of the entire root canal system as close to the cementodentinal junction as possible. The objectives and ideal requirements of root canal filling materials are described. Materials are classified and various materials used for filling root canals are discussed, including gutta percha, resilon, silver points, and various cements. The properties, advantages, and disadvantages of gutta percha are summarized. Recent advances in materials like medicated gutta percha and resilon are also outlined.
This document provides information on root canal obturation including the purpose, materials, techniques, and potential causes of failure. It discusses criteria for obturation such as absence of symptoms. Common obturation materials include gutta-percha, resins, and silver points used with sealers like zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and epoxy resin. Techniques covered are cold lateral condensation, warm lateral/vertical condensation, thermocompaction, and others. Potential causes of failure include inadequate apical, coronal, or lateral seals and over/under filling.
Recent advances in obturation techniques/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses root canal sealers, including their definition, requirements, functions, and classifications. It describes various common sealers such as zinc oxide eugenol sealers like Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer, Procosol, and Grossman Sealer. It also discusses non-eugenol sealers, medicated sealers, and calcium hydroxide based sealers. The document provides details on the composition, properties, advantages, disadvantages and uses of different sealers.
dental Monoblock obturation technique or concept in endodonticsAhmed Ali
dental Monoblock obturation technique or concept in endodontics which are classified into primary ,secondary & tertiary based upon resin , now the bioceramics
The document discusses the importance of root canal obturation and provides details on the process. It begins by defining obturation as filling the cleaned and shaped root canal space. A key goal is to hermetically seal the root canal system to prevent reinfection. The challenges include filling an irregular space that varies between teeth. Historically, materials like gold, gutta-percha and various pastes have been used. Proper preparation, including smear layer removal, affects the quality of sealing. Debate remains around how far to instrument and fill within the canal but terminating at the apical constriction or 1mm short of the radiographic apex is often recommended.
This document provides information on root canal obturation materials. It defines obturation as the three dimensional filling of the entire root canal system as close to the cementodentinal junction as possible. The objectives and ideal requirements of root canal filling materials are described. Materials are classified and various materials used for filling root canals are discussed, including gutta percha, resilon, silver points, and various cements. The properties, advantages, and disadvantages of gutta percha are summarized. Recent advances in materials like medicated gutta percha and resilon are also outlined.
This document provides information on root canal obturation including the purpose, materials, techniques, and potential causes of failure. It discusses criteria for obturation such as absence of symptoms. Common obturation materials include gutta-percha, resins, and silver points used with sealers like zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and epoxy resin. Techniques covered are cold lateral condensation, warm lateral/vertical condensation, thermocompaction, and others. Potential causes of failure include inadequate apical, coronal, or lateral seals and over/under filling.
Recent advances in obturation techniques/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses root canal sealers, including their definition, requirements, functions, and classifications. It describes various common sealers such as zinc oxide eugenol sealers like Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer, Procosol, and Grossman Sealer. It also discusses non-eugenol sealers, medicated sealers, and calcium hydroxide based sealers. The document provides details on the composition, properties, advantages, disadvantages and uses of different sealers.
dental Monoblock obturation technique or concept in endodonticsAhmed Ali
dental Monoblock obturation technique or concept in endodontics which are classified into primary ,secondary & tertiary based upon resin , now the bioceramics
The document discusses the importance of root canal obturation and provides details on the process. It begins by defining obturation as filling the cleaned and shaped root canal space. A key goal is to hermetically seal the root canal system to prevent reinfection. The challenges include filling an irregular space that varies between teeth. Historically, materials like gold, gutta-percha and various pastes have been used. Proper preparation, including smear layer removal, affects the quality of sealing. Debate remains around how far to instrument and fill within the canal but terminating at the apical constriction or 1mm short of the radiographic apex is often recommended.
Endodontic sealers a summary and a quick review Rami Al-Saedi
a slideshow presentation lectured and presented in Al-Sadr Specialized dental center in the continuing dental learning weekly lectures.
Rusafa medical institute- Baghdad- Iraq
lecturer: Dr. Rami Ahmed Jumaah (BDS)
Supervisor: Dr. Iman J. Ahmed (BDS: MSc)
The document provides an overview of esthetics with veneers. It discusses the definitions, history, indications and contraindications of veneers. It describes the processes of shade selection, tooth preparation including principles, rationale and types of preparation. It also discusses provisional restorations, cementation, maintenance and failures of veneers. Recent advancements discussed include feldspathic, lithium disilicate and minimally invasive veneers. In conclusion, veneers are a conservative treatment for improving aesthetics when done according to principles of preparation, cementation and maintenance.
This document discusses endodontic retreatment. It defines retreatment as removing root canal filling materials from a tooth to clean, shape, and re-obturate the canals. Reasons for retreatment include persistent or reinroduced intraradicular microorganisms, extraradicular infection, foreign body reaction, or true cysts. Evaluation involves clinical examination, radiographs, and assessing for symptoms like pain, swelling or sinus tracts. Success is defined as resolution of symptoms and periapical radiolucency, while failure is persistence or worsening of these signs.
The document discusses root canal obturation materials. It describes gutta-percha, which is the most commonly used solid-core filling material derived from rubber trees. Different forms of gutta-percha are discussed, including points, pellets, and variants containing medications. Alternative materials mentioned include Resilon, silver points, and various cements. Advantages and disadvantages of each material are provided.
Minimally invasive endodontics by Dr. JAGADEESH KODITYALAJagadeesh Kodityala
This document discusses principles of minimally invasive endodontics. It defines minimally invasive dentistry and lists the primary goals of endodontics as tooth retention and preventing/managing pulpal and periapical disease while preserving structural integrity. The document discusses strategies for minimally invasive access cavity preparation and shaping of the root canal space. It emphasizes the importance of conserving tooth structure, maintaining smaller canal sizes when possible, and avoiding excessive dentin removal to strengthen teeth and reduce fracture risks.
The document summarizes the key aspects of MOD onlay preparations including:
- MOD onlays provide cuspal protection and distribute occlusal forces over a wide area.
- Preparations involve capping functional cusps and shoeing non-functional cusps.
- Walls, occlusal bevels, tables, and counterbevels are prepared on capped surfaces. Shoe and occlusal bevel are prepared on shoed surfaces.
- Proximal portions are similar to inlay preparations with primary and secondary flares.
- Preparations are modified for different alloy types and Class IV/V materials.
This document provides an overview of gutta percha, including its discovery, historical uses, sources, evolution in dentistry, composition, chemistry, phases, properties, and commercial manufacture. Gutta percha is a natural polymer that has been used in dentistry as a root canal filling material since the 19th century due to its biocompatibility and ability to adapt to canal walls and provide a fluid-tight seal at the apex. It exists in alpha and beta crystalline forms that impact its viscosity and handling properties for different obturation techniques.
There are three main types of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures discussed in the document: splints, overcastings, and anterior and posterior prostheses. Splints are used to support and immobilize teeth, while overcastings are designed to avoid removing existing restorations by using adhesive resin cement. The document notes that while posterior resin-bonded prostheses generally have a standard D-shape design, anterior prostheses do not yet have a typical standard design. Resin-bonded retainers can also be used to splint teeth together, including mobile teeth.
This document discusses various obturation techniques for filling root canals including:
1. Cold lateral compaction, the most widely used technique, involves inserting a master cone coated with sealer followed by lateral compaction of accessory cones.
2. Warm vertical compaction uses heated pluggers to vertically compact gutta percha that has been softened with heat.
3. Carrier-based techniques like Thermafil involve heating and inserting a gutta percha coated metal core carrier into the canal.
The document provides details on how to perform each technique and their advantages and disadvantages. A variety of materials can be used for obturation including gutta percha, resins, and single cone techniques.
Rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth : Post & CoreNaveed AnJum
These days we often come across mutilated or badly broken teeth in our practice. However various factors are involved for a better prognosis of such a teeth. This presentation mainly focuses on post and core treatment of such a teeth.
Root canal treated teeth are more prone to fracture due to changes that occur during treatment like loss of tooth structure and changes to dentin collagen fibers. Posts are often used to restore these teeth and can be classified by their retention, composition, or shape. Fiber posts made of materials like carbon, silica or glass fibers have properties similar to dentin and improve stress distribution compared to metal posts. Bonding fiber posts requires an adhesive system and resin cement, but the root canal environment poses challenges to achieving optimal bonding due to factors like the dentin substrate, smear layer, chemicals used in treatment, and limited light penetration. Careful cleaning, selection of sealers, and final irrigation can help improve bond strength.
In this lecture I explain the basic concept of root canal filling or what called obturation. The lectures discuss different techniques used in that matter in step-by-step fashion and explanatory pictures.
It is directed to the level of undergraduate mind.
This document discusses post and core procedures for endodontically treated teeth. It covers objectives, indications, considerations for post length, diameter and design. Ideal post length is 1-2 mm shorter than the root and diameter should allow at least 1 mm of dentin surrounding the post. A ferrule is important to improve structural integrity. Post types discussed include custom cast metal posts, prefabricated metal posts like stainless steel and titanium, and non-metal options like carbon fiber, fiber-reinforced and zirconia posts. Fiber posts are more esthetic and flexible but have less strength than metal or zirconia posts. Proper diagnosis and treatment planning is required to select the best post and core for
This document discusses root canal curvatures and methods for determining their degree. It begins with an introduction on the importance of understanding root canal anatomy for successful endodontic treatment. It then covers causes of canal curvatures, various classification systems, and techniques for assessing curvature using periapical radiographs, cone-beam computed tomography, and angular measurement methods. The relationship between curvature degree and ledge formation risk is also addressed, as are canal characteristics often invisible on routine radiographs. The document concludes by emphasizing the challenges of treating severely curved canals and the need for accurate preoperative assessment and proper instrumentation.
Restoration of endodontically treated teethNivedha Tina
This document discusses various methods for restoring endodontically treated teeth. It covers the history of restoring pulpless teeth dating back to 1747. Key factors in selecting a restorative approach include the amount of residual root and crown structure remaining as well as the tooth's function and position. Methods discussed include direct composite restorations, indirect restorations, fiber posts, cast posts, and full crowns. The document also addresses the vulnerability of root filled teeth to fracture and emphasizes the importance of preserving tooth structure.
The document discusses endocrowns, which are adhesive restorations that extend into the pulp chamber as an alternative to post-core restorations. The objectives of endocrowns are to prevent microleakage, protect tooth structure, and restore form, function and aesthetics. Endocrowns consist of a 1-1.2mm circumferential butt margin and central retention cavity that provides stability through adhesive bonding. They are indicated when post-cores cannot be used or for limited interocclusal space and are fabricated through pressable or CAD/CAM techniques using lithium disilicate or resin-matrix ceramics.
Root canal sealers are used with obturating materials to seal the root canal system. They serve functions like filling irregularities, sealing lateral canals, and assisting with microbial control. Ideal sealers provide an excellent seal, adhere well to canal walls and filling material, are radiopaque, and more. Common types include zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and resin-based sealers. Resin sealers like AH Plus and AH 26 offer advantages like good adhesion, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility but must be mixed properly to avoid adverse reactions. Proper application of sealers within the canal is important to avoid irritation.
The document discusses various techniques for cleaning and shaping the root canal system during endodontic treatment. It describes the objectives and basic principles of root canal preparation, including removing debris and maintaining the original shape of the canal. Several techniques are summarized, such as step-back, crown-down, balanced force, and ultrasonic instrumentation. For each technique, the document outlines the steps and discusses advantages and disadvantages.
The document discusses the smear layer, which forms when tooth structure is cut. It is defined as debris produced when cutting enamel, dentin, cementum, or root canal walls. The smear layer consists of both organic and inorganic components from the tooth. It was first observed in the 1960s using electron microscopy. While some argue the smear layer protects by blocking dentinal tubules, others contend it should be removed since it can harbor bacteria. The morphology and topographical details of cut dentin and the smear layer are also described based on scanning electron microscope images.
This document provides information on root canal filling techniques and materials. It discusses the purpose of root canal fillings, which is to prevent bacterial spread and reinfection. Common instruments used include lentulo spirals and spreaders. Gutta percha points are the most widely used obturation material. Sealers are also essential to fill spaces and irregularities. Common sealers discussed include zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and resins. The document describes various root filling techniques such as single cone, lateral condensation, warm vertical compaction, and thermomechanical compaction. It emphasizes the importance of the coronal seal in preventing microleakage.
This document discusses root canal filling materials and techniques. It describes the purpose of root canal fillings to prevent bacterial spread and infection. Common filling materials include gutta-percha points, various sealers like zinc oxide-eugenol or calcium hydroxide, and techniques like cold lateral condensation, warm vertical condensation, and thermoplastic injection. Removing the smear layer before filling and providing a coronal seal are also discussed.
Endodontic sealers a summary and a quick review Rami Al-Saedi
a slideshow presentation lectured and presented in Al-Sadr Specialized dental center in the continuing dental learning weekly lectures.
Rusafa medical institute- Baghdad- Iraq
lecturer: Dr. Rami Ahmed Jumaah (BDS)
Supervisor: Dr. Iman J. Ahmed (BDS: MSc)
The document provides an overview of esthetics with veneers. It discusses the definitions, history, indications and contraindications of veneers. It describes the processes of shade selection, tooth preparation including principles, rationale and types of preparation. It also discusses provisional restorations, cementation, maintenance and failures of veneers. Recent advancements discussed include feldspathic, lithium disilicate and minimally invasive veneers. In conclusion, veneers are a conservative treatment for improving aesthetics when done according to principles of preparation, cementation and maintenance.
This document discusses endodontic retreatment. It defines retreatment as removing root canal filling materials from a tooth to clean, shape, and re-obturate the canals. Reasons for retreatment include persistent or reinroduced intraradicular microorganisms, extraradicular infection, foreign body reaction, or true cysts. Evaluation involves clinical examination, radiographs, and assessing for symptoms like pain, swelling or sinus tracts. Success is defined as resolution of symptoms and periapical radiolucency, while failure is persistence or worsening of these signs.
The document discusses root canal obturation materials. It describes gutta-percha, which is the most commonly used solid-core filling material derived from rubber trees. Different forms of gutta-percha are discussed, including points, pellets, and variants containing medications. Alternative materials mentioned include Resilon, silver points, and various cements. Advantages and disadvantages of each material are provided.
Minimally invasive endodontics by Dr. JAGADEESH KODITYALAJagadeesh Kodityala
This document discusses principles of minimally invasive endodontics. It defines minimally invasive dentistry and lists the primary goals of endodontics as tooth retention and preventing/managing pulpal and periapical disease while preserving structural integrity. The document discusses strategies for minimally invasive access cavity preparation and shaping of the root canal space. It emphasizes the importance of conserving tooth structure, maintaining smaller canal sizes when possible, and avoiding excessive dentin removal to strengthen teeth and reduce fracture risks.
The document summarizes the key aspects of MOD onlay preparations including:
- MOD onlays provide cuspal protection and distribute occlusal forces over a wide area.
- Preparations involve capping functional cusps and shoeing non-functional cusps.
- Walls, occlusal bevels, tables, and counterbevels are prepared on capped surfaces. Shoe and occlusal bevel are prepared on shoed surfaces.
- Proximal portions are similar to inlay preparations with primary and secondary flares.
- Preparations are modified for different alloy types and Class IV/V materials.
This document provides an overview of gutta percha, including its discovery, historical uses, sources, evolution in dentistry, composition, chemistry, phases, properties, and commercial manufacture. Gutta percha is a natural polymer that has been used in dentistry as a root canal filling material since the 19th century due to its biocompatibility and ability to adapt to canal walls and provide a fluid-tight seal at the apex. It exists in alpha and beta crystalline forms that impact its viscosity and handling properties for different obturation techniques.
There are three main types of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures discussed in the document: splints, overcastings, and anterior and posterior prostheses. Splints are used to support and immobilize teeth, while overcastings are designed to avoid removing existing restorations by using adhesive resin cement. The document notes that while posterior resin-bonded prostheses generally have a standard D-shape design, anterior prostheses do not yet have a typical standard design. Resin-bonded retainers can also be used to splint teeth together, including mobile teeth.
This document discusses various obturation techniques for filling root canals including:
1. Cold lateral compaction, the most widely used technique, involves inserting a master cone coated with sealer followed by lateral compaction of accessory cones.
2. Warm vertical compaction uses heated pluggers to vertically compact gutta percha that has been softened with heat.
3. Carrier-based techniques like Thermafil involve heating and inserting a gutta percha coated metal core carrier into the canal.
The document provides details on how to perform each technique and their advantages and disadvantages. A variety of materials can be used for obturation including gutta percha, resins, and single cone techniques.
Rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth : Post & CoreNaveed AnJum
These days we often come across mutilated or badly broken teeth in our practice. However various factors are involved for a better prognosis of such a teeth. This presentation mainly focuses on post and core treatment of such a teeth.
Root canal treated teeth are more prone to fracture due to changes that occur during treatment like loss of tooth structure and changes to dentin collagen fibers. Posts are often used to restore these teeth and can be classified by their retention, composition, or shape. Fiber posts made of materials like carbon, silica or glass fibers have properties similar to dentin and improve stress distribution compared to metal posts. Bonding fiber posts requires an adhesive system and resin cement, but the root canal environment poses challenges to achieving optimal bonding due to factors like the dentin substrate, smear layer, chemicals used in treatment, and limited light penetration. Careful cleaning, selection of sealers, and final irrigation can help improve bond strength.
In this lecture I explain the basic concept of root canal filling or what called obturation. The lectures discuss different techniques used in that matter in step-by-step fashion and explanatory pictures.
It is directed to the level of undergraduate mind.
This document discusses post and core procedures for endodontically treated teeth. It covers objectives, indications, considerations for post length, diameter and design. Ideal post length is 1-2 mm shorter than the root and diameter should allow at least 1 mm of dentin surrounding the post. A ferrule is important to improve structural integrity. Post types discussed include custom cast metal posts, prefabricated metal posts like stainless steel and titanium, and non-metal options like carbon fiber, fiber-reinforced and zirconia posts. Fiber posts are more esthetic and flexible but have less strength than metal or zirconia posts. Proper diagnosis and treatment planning is required to select the best post and core for
This document discusses root canal curvatures and methods for determining their degree. It begins with an introduction on the importance of understanding root canal anatomy for successful endodontic treatment. It then covers causes of canal curvatures, various classification systems, and techniques for assessing curvature using periapical radiographs, cone-beam computed tomography, and angular measurement methods. The relationship between curvature degree and ledge formation risk is also addressed, as are canal characteristics often invisible on routine radiographs. The document concludes by emphasizing the challenges of treating severely curved canals and the need for accurate preoperative assessment and proper instrumentation.
Restoration of endodontically treated teethNivedha Tina
This document discusses various methods for restoring endodontically treated teeth. It covers the history of restoring pulpless teeth dating back to 1747. Key factors in selecting a restorative approach include the amount of residual root and crown structure remaining as well as the tooth's function and position. Methods discussed include direct composite restorations, indirect restorations, fiber posts, cast posts, and full crowns. The document also addresses the vulnerability of root filled teeth to fracture and emphasizes the importance of preserving tooth structure.
The document discusses endocrowns, which are adhesive restorations that extend into the pulp chamber as an alternative to post-core restorations. The objectives of endocrowns are to prevent microleakage, protect tooth structure, and restore form, function and aesthetics. Endocrowns consist of a 1-1.2mm circumferential butt margin and central retention cavity that provides stability through adhesive bonding. They are indicated when post-cores cannot be used or for limited interocclusal space and are fabricated through pressable or CAD/CAM techniques using lithium disilicate or resin-matrix ceramics.
Root canal sealers are used with obturating materials to seal the root canal system. They serve functions like filling irregularities, sealing lateral canals, and assisting with microbial control. Ideal sealers provide an excellent seal, adhere well to canal walls and filling material, are radiopaque, and more. Common types include zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and resin-based sealers. Resin sealers like AH Plus and AH 26 offer advantages like good adhesion, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility but must be mixed properly to avoid adverse reactions. Proper application of sealers within the canal is important to avoid irritation.
The document discusses various techniques for cleaning and shaping the root canal system during endodontic treatment. It describes the objectives and basic principles of root canal preparation, including removing debris and maintaining the original shape of the canal. Several techniques are summarized, such as step-back, crown-down, balanced force, and ultrasonic instrumentation. For each technique, the document outlines the steps and discusses advantages and disadvantages.
The document discusses the smear layer, which forms when tooth structure is cut. It is defined as debris produced when cutting enamel, dentin, cementum, or root canal walls. The smear layer consists of both organic and inorganic components from the tooth. It was first observed in the 1960s using electron microscopy. While some argue the smear layer protects by blocking dentinal tubules, others contend it should be removed since it can harbor bacteria. The morphology and topographical details of cut dentin and the smear layer are also described based on scanning electron microscope images.
This document provides information on root canal filling techniques and materials. It discusses the purpose of root canal fillings, which is to prevent bacterial spread and reinfection. Common instruments used include lentulo spirals and spreaders. Gutta percha points are the most widely used obturation material. Sealers are also essential to fill spaces and irregularities. Common sealers discussed include zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and resins. The document describes various root filling techniques such as single cone, lateral condensation, warm vertical compaction, and thermomechanical compaction. It emphasizes the importance of the coronal seal in preventing microleakage.
This document discusses root canal filling materials and techniques. It describes the purpose of root canal fillings to prevent bacterial spread and infection. Common filling materials include gutta-percha points, various sealers like zinc oxide-eugenol or calcium hydroxide, and techniques like cold lateral condensation, warm vertical condensation, and thermoplastic injection. Removing the smear layer before filling and providing a coronal seal are also discussed.
This document discusses root canal obturation materials and procedures. It begins by defining obturation and outlining the objectives of root canal filling, including sealing the canal to prevent reinfection and promote healing. Ideal properties of filling materials are described. Materials are classified as solid core materials or sealers. Common solid core materials discussed are gutta percha and Resilon. Common sealers discussed include zinc oxide-eugenol, epoxy resin, and calcium silicate-based sealers. The document concludes by noting the importance of following proven techniques while also advancing materials to potentially promote tissue regeneration.
Root canal obturation involves filling the entire root canal system to eliminate pathways for leakage and infection. It is a critical step in endodontic therapy. Common materials used are gutta percha, which is available in various forms, and root canal sealers. Gutta percha is softened with heat and adapted to the canal. Sealers are used to coat the canal walls and improve the seal between the gutta percha and dentin. Cold lateral compaction is a common technique where a master cone is placed and subsequent accessory cones are laterally compacted alongside spreaders to completely fill the canal space.
The document discusses obturation of the root canal system. It states that the objectives of obturation are to eliminate all avenues of leakage and seal any remaining irritants in the root canal. It discusses factors related to the appropriate length, timing, and preparation for obturation. Components of root canal filling include core materials like gutta-percha and root canal sealers. Various types of sealers are discussed, including zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and glass ionomer sealers. Removal of the smear layer before obturation is also addressed.
This document discusses the objectives and process of obturation in root canal treatment. It states that obturation aims to seal the root canal system to prevent reinfection by eliminating pathways for leakage. It also discusses the importance of removing the smear layer before obturation using chemicals like MTAD or a combination of EDTA and sodium hypochlorite. The document examines the factors that influence the timing of obturation and reviews materials commonly used, including gutta-percha and various sealers. It provides guidelines for an ideal obturation material and compares methods like lateral condensation versus thermoplasticized techniques.
Gutta percha and sealers are the most commonly used materials for root canal obturation. Gutta percha exists in alpha, beta, and gamma forms with different properties and is made of gutta-percha polymer, zinc oxide, and waxes or resins. It has advantages like biocompatibility and ability to adapt to canal irregularities but lacks rigidity and adhesive properties. Sealers are used to adhere gutta percha to canal walls and come in various formulations like zinc oxide-eugenol, resin, and glass ionomer based. An ideal sealer makes a hermetic seal, is biocompatible, and insoluble in tissue fluids.
The document discusses various root canal obturation techniques and materials. It describes the monoblock concept of creating a continuous solid layer from the dentin wall to the core filling material. Resilon and Epiphany sealer are introduced as alternatives to gutta-percha that form a monoblock unit due to adhesion. Other techniques discussed include EndoREZ points coated with resin, ActivGP which uses glass ionomer to coat gutta-percha, and Smartseal which uses hydrophilic polymer points that expand to fill voids. Mineral trioxide aggregate is also summarized due to its biocompatibility and uses including pulp capping and root repair.
Impression materials such as alginate and hydrocolloids are used to make negative reproductions of teeth and oral structures to create study models, dies, and prosthetics. Alginate is the most commonly used impression material due to its low cost, ease of use, and accuracy for preliminary impressions and diagnostic models, though it lacks the fine detail needed for final restorations. The selection of impression material depends on the intended use, with alginate and hydrocolloids being inexpensive preliminary options and elastomers like polyvinyl siloxane and polyether used for final impressions.
Temporization refers to provisional restorations used to establish esthetics, function, and occlusion prior to definitive treatment. Provisional restorations protect the pulp and support periodontal health during treatment. They also allow evaluation of esthetics, occlusion, and patient acceptance of the planned treatment outcome. Common materials for provisional restorations include polymethyl methacrylate resin and various composite resins. Provisionals must meet biological, mechanical, and esthetic requirements and be cemented securely yet removable when treatment is complete.
Obturation involves filling the shaped and disinfected root canal with permanent filling materials like gutta-percha to provide an impermeable seal. This prevents reinfection by sealing any remaining microbes or reentry of bacteria. Gutta-percha, when used with sealers, fills the entire root canal system from the cementodentinal junction to within 1 mm of the radiographic apex. However, traditional sealers have shortcomings like shrinkage and washing out, failing to provide a proper hermetic seal.
This document discusses root canal sealers and their use in endodontic treatment. It provides information on the rationale and timing of obturation after root canal treatment. The key purposes of root canal sealers are to seal the root canal system, fill any irregularities or voids, and entomb any remaining bacteria. Common types of sealers discussed include zinc oxide-eugenol based, calcium hydroxide, and resin-based sealers. Properties of an ideal sealer and factors influencing the selection and performance of different sealer materials are also outlined.
The document discusses biomaterials and their applications in dentistry and medicine. It provides examples of common biomaterials such as metals, ceramics, and polymers used in applications like dental implants, joint replacements, and vascular grafts. Dental materials are categorized as preventive, restorative, or auxiliary. Impression materials are discussed, including their properties and types like elastic and non-elastic materials.
This document discusses provisional restorations, including definitions, requirements, types, and techniques for fabrication. A provisional restoration is a temporary restoration used during dental treatment to enhance esthetics, stabilization, and function until being replaced by a definitive prosthesis. Requirements for provisional restorations include adequate fit, occlusion, contacts, esthetics, contours, and strength. Types of provisionals include custom temporaries made directly or indirectly, as well as prefabricated shells. Fabrication techniques covered are direct, indirect, templates, and shell methods.
1. The document discusses the requirements and materials used for provisional restorations. Provisional restorations must provide good fit, occlusion, contacts, esthetics, contours, and strength while acting as a temporary until the final restoration is fabricated.
2. Common materials used are acrylics and resin composites. Acrylics are most commonly used due to their low cost, esthetics, and versatility but can discolor over time. Resin composites provide better fit and less shrinkage than acrylics.
3. The ideal provisional material would have good handling properties and biocompatibility while providing adequate strength, esthetics, and ease of repair until being replaced by the final
This document discusses provisional restorations, including their importance, requirements, materials used, and how material properties influence treatment outcomes. Provisional restorations act as a temporary restoration while a final restoration is fabricated and must adequately protect the tooth, maintain function and esthetics. Common materials used are acrylics and resin composites, with various advantages and disadvantages to each. Material properties like marginal accuracy, strength and durability are important to provisional success and patient health.
Root canal filling instruments and materialsLinda Jenhani
The document discusses root canal filling materials and techniques. It describes various instruments used for root canal filling like Lentulo spirals and spreaders. It discusses different obturation materials like gutta percha points, sealers based on zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, glass ionomers and resins. It also describes different root canal filling techniques like single cone, lateral condensation, warm lateral/vertical condensation and thermoplasticized techniques.
This document discusses provisional restorations, including their importance, requirements, materials used, and how material properties influence treatment outcomes. Some key points:
1. Provisional restorations protect teeth during fabrication of final restorations and help gain patient confidence. They must fit well, have proper occlusion/contacts, and be esthetic.
2. Common materials are acrylics and resin composites. Acrylics are inexpensive but can discolor. Resin composites shrink less and cause less heat, but are more expensive.
3. Material properties like marginal accuracy, strength, and polishability influence how well provisionals function and maintain health until replacement by final restorations.
The document provides information on different types of dental impression materials, including their properties, composition, manipulation, advantages, and disadvantages. It discusses rigid materials like impression compound and zinc oxide eugenol paste. It also covers elastic materials like alginate, agar, polysulfide, addition-cured silicones, and polyether impressions. Alginate is the most commonly used elastic material due to its accuracy, low cost, and ease of use. Impressions are needed for diagnostics, records, treatment planning, and fabrication of restorations, crowns, and dentures. The type of impression material used depends on the clinical needs and area being impressed.
Similar to Obturation (Materials , Techniques and Properties) (20)
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Obturation (Materials , Techniques and Properties)
1. Dr. Hamza
Department of Operative Dentistry
Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry
National University of Medical Sciences,
Pakistan
2. PRINCIPLES OF ROOT-CANAL
SYSTEM OBTURATION The aims and objectives of obturation are:
to establish a barrier to the passage of microorganisms from
the oral cavity or root-canal system to the peri-radicular
tissues
to “entomb” or “incarcerate” and isolate any microorganisms
that may survive the shaping and cleaning process
to prevent leakage into the canal system of potential
nutrients that would support microbial growth
to reduce the risk of bacterial movement or fluid
percolation into the canal system space from the gingival
sulcus or periodontal pockets
3. Pre-requisites for obturation Ideally, a number of conditions should be met before a
root filling is placed which include
absence of pain and swelling
absence of persistent exudate in the canal
thoroughly debrided root-canal system (all canals
identified, prepared and irrigated for adequate time)
adequate time to complete the procedure
4. Single visit Vs Multiple visit
Completion of the treatment in a single visit has a
number of advantages for both the patient and the
clinicianwhich includes:
the root-canal system is in the most decontaminated state
immediately after shaping and debridement, while there is
potential for recontamination between visits
single-visit treatment provides no opportunity for temporary
restorations to leak
there is less opportunity for teeth to fracture as definitive
restorations can be placed earlier
the clinician is most familiar with the root-canal morphology
for effective obturation at the completion of the preparation
there are both financial and time savings
5. single-visit treatments are particularly beneficial for
medically compromised patients whose conditions
necessitate antibiotic premedication
the patient is exposed to local anaesthesia, rubber dam
and postoperative discomfort only once
6. MATERIAL It should induce or at least support regeneration of damaged
tissues
Be antimicrobial
Not irritate periradicular tissues
Not be toxic either locally or systemically
Be easily adapted to the canal walls and have capacity for self
adaptation and self-sealing with dimensional fluctuations over
time
Have good flow characteristics
Not stain dentine
Have good handling characteristics
Be radiopaque
Be impermeable to tissue fluids
Be dimensionally stable
Be cheap and have a long shelf-life
7. Types of Obturating material
Solid materials
Sealers and cements
Carrier based systems
Resilon
9. Gutta percha Extracted from the palaquium
gutta tree
Gutta-percha is the most
commonly used root canal
filling material
It is a linear crystalline
polymer that melts at a set
temperature, with a random
but distinct change in
structure resulting
It occurs naturally as 1,4-
polyisoprene and is harder,
more brittle, and less elastic
than natural rubber
10. Composition of Gutta percha
cones used in Endodontics Modern gutta-percha cones that are used for root canal
fillings contain
about 20% gutta-percha
The major component is zinc oxide (60% to 75%)
The remaining 5% to 10% consists of various resins, waxes,
and metal sulfates
Antiseptic gutta-percha with various antimicrobial agents
has been suggested, and several studies are available
11. Properties of Gutta percha
The crystalline phase has two forms
the alpha phase
the beta phase
The alpha form is the material that comes from the natural tree
product
The processed, or beta, form is used in gutta-percha for root
fillings
When heated, gutta-percha undergoes phase transitions.
The transition from beta phase to alpha phase occurs at around
115° F (46° C)
An amorphous phase develops at around 130° F to 140° F (54° C to
60° C)
When cooled very slowly (i.e., 1° F per hour), gutta-percha
crystallizes to the alpha phase
Normal cooling returns the gutta-percha to the beta phase
Gutta percha cones soften at a temperature above 147° F (64° C)
These cones can easily be dissolved in chloroform and halothane
and dissolve less in turpentine or xylene
12. Obturation with gutta-percha normally requires some
form of compaction pressure, but real compression of
gutta-percha is practically impossible
Gutta-percha cannot be heat sterilized, other
decontamination methods must be used
The most practical method is to disinfect the gutta-percha
in NaOCl before use done in 1 minute if the cone is
submerged in a 5% solution of NaOCl
13. Gutta-percha cannot be used as the sole filling
material; it lacks the adherent properties necessary to
seal the root canal space and requires a sealer
(cement) for final seal
Manufacturers now supply gutta-perch cones in
tapers matching the larger tapered rotary
instruments (#.02, #.04, and #.06)
14.
15. Resilon Resilon (Pentron Clinical Technologies,
Wallingford, CT), a thermoplastic, synthetic,
polymer-based root canal filling material, was
developed in an attempt to create an adhesive
bond between the solid-core material and the
sealer
It is designed to be used with Epiphany
(Pentron Clinical Technologies), a new resin
sealer with a bonding capacity to dentin
Resilon can be supplied in the same ISO sizes
and shapes (cones and pellets) as gutta-percha.
The manufacturer has stated that it can be used
with any current root canal obturation
technique (lateral compaction,
thermoplasticized, carrier, injection)
16. When manufactured in cones, Resilon’s flexibility is similar to that of
gutta-percha
Based on polyester polymers, Resilon contains bioactive glass and
radiopaque fillers (bismuth oxychloride and barium sulfate) with a
filler content of approximately 65%
It can be softened with heat or dissolved with solvents such as
chloroform
This characteristic allows the use of current retreatment techniques for
nonhealing cases
Because it is a resin-based system, it is compatible with current
restorative techniques in which cores and posts are placed with resin
bonding agents
19. Ideal properties required for
sealers
The ideal sealer should be
Biocompatible
Adhere to canal walls
Be radiopaque
Impermeable to tissue fluids
Dimensionally stable
Antiseptic
Not discolour the tooth
Be easily manipulated
20. ZINC OXIDE EUGENOL BASED
SEALERS
A history of successful use over an extended period
of time
Zinc oxide–eugenol sealers will absorb if extruded
into the periradicular tissues
They exhibit a slow setting time, shrinkage on
setting, solubility, and can stain tooth structure
An advantage to this sealer group is antimicrobial
activity
21. Procosol (Procosol, Inc., Philadelphia, PA)
is a modification of Rickert’s formula in
which the silver particles have been
removed (zinc oxide, hydrogenated resin,
bismuth subcarbonate and barium sulfate;
liquid eugenol)
Tubli-Seal (SybronEndo) is a catalyst/base
zinc oxide–eugenol sealer that is
convenient to mix but has a faster setting
time when compared with the
liquid/powder sealers
Tubli-Seal EWT provides an extended
working time
Wach’s sealer (Balas Dental, Chicago,IL)
contains Canada balsam, which gives the
material a sticky or tacky property that
softens the gutta-percha into a more
homogeneous mass when used with lateral
22. Grossman modified the formulation and introduced a
nonstaining formula in 1958
This is the formulation in Roth’s Sealer (Roth International)
23. Calcium Hydroxide Sealers Calcium hydroxide sealers were
developed for therapeutic activity sealers
would exhibit antimicrobial activity and
have osteogenic–cementogenic potential
Unfortunately, these actions have not
been demonstrated
Solubility is required for release of
calcium hydroxide and sustained activity
This is inconsistent with the purpose of a
sealer
Calciobiotic root canal sealer (CRCS) is a
zinc oxide–eugenol sealer with calcium
hydroxide as one ingredient
24. Sealapex (SybronEndo) is a
catalyst/base system
The base contains zinc oxide,
calcium hydroxide, butyl benzene,
sulfonamide, and zinc stearate
The catalyst contains barium
sulfate and titanium dioxide as
radiopacifiers in addition to resin,
isobutyl salicylate, and aerosol R
972
Apexit and Apexit Plus (Ivoclar
Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein)
consist of an activator (disalicylate,
bismuth hydroxide/bismuth
carbonate, and fillers) and a base
(calcium hydroxide, hydrated
colophonium, and fillers)
25. Glass Ionomer Sealers The glass ionomers have been advocated for
use in obturation because of their dentin-
bonding properties
Ketac-Endo (3M ESPE, Minneapolis, MN)
enables adhesion between the material and
the canal wall
It is also difficult to properly treat the
dentinal walls in the apical and middle
thirds with preparatory bonding agents to
receive the glass ionomer sealer
A disadvantage of glass ionomers is that
they must be removed if retreatment is
required
This sealer has minimal antimicrobial
activity
26. Activ GP (Brasseler USA,
Savannah, GA) consists of a
glass ionomer–impregnated
gutta-percha cone with a
glass ionomer external
coating and a glass ionomer
sealer
27. Resin Resin sealers have a long history of use, provide
adhesion, and do not contain eugenol
AH-26 is a slow-setting epoxy resin that was
found to release formaldehyde when setting
AH Plus is a modified formulation of AH-26 in
which formaldehyde is not released
The sealing abilities of AH-26 and AH Plus
appear comparable
AH Plus is an epoxy-bis-phenol resin that comes
in two tubes and exhibits a working time of
approximately 4 hours
EndoREZ (Ultradent Products, South Jordon,
UT) is a methacrylate resin with hydrophilic
properties
When used with EndoREZ resin-coated gutta-
percha cones the dual cure EndoREZ sealer
bonds to both the canal walls and the core
material
28. Diaket, a polyvinyl resin (3M
ESPE), consists of a powder
composed of bismuth
phosphate and zinc oxide and
a liquid consisting of
dichlorophen,
triethanolamine,
propionylacetophenone, and
copolymers of vinyl acetate,
vinyl chloride, and
vinylisobutyl ether
The material appears to be
biocompatible
29. Epiphany (Pentron Clinical
Technologies, Wallingford, CT) and
RealSeal (SybronEndo), have been
introduced for use with a new core
material, Resilon (Pentron Clinical
Technologies)
Advocates of these sealers propose that
they bond to the canal wall and to the
core material to create a “monoblock”
One study indicated that the bond
strength to dentin can be influenced by
the irrigant used
Water and chlorhexidine decreased the
bond strength compared with NaOCl,
NaOCl/EDTA, and NaOCl/MTAD
The use of EDTA and MTAD did not
improve the bond strength compared
with NaOCl alone
31. GuttaFlow (Coltène/Whaledent) is a
cold flowable matrix that is triturated
Consists of gutta-percha added to
RoekoSeal
Material is provided in capsules for
trituration
Technique involves injection of the
material into the canal, followed
by placement of a single master
cone
Material provides a working time
of 15 minutes and it cures in 25 to
30 minutes
Evidence suggests that the
material fills canal irregularities
with consistency and is
biocompatible, but the setting
time is inconsistent and may be
delayed by final irrigation with
sodium hypochlorite
Sealing ability appears comparable
to other techniques in some
32. Bioceramic Bioceramic (BC) sealer is composed of
zirconium oxide, calcium silicates,
calcium phosphate monobasic, calcium
hydroxide, and various filling and
thickening agents
The material is available in a premixed
syringe with calibrated intracanal tips
As a hydrophilic sealer it utilizes
moisture within the canal to complete
the setting reaction and it does not
shrink on setting
It is biocompatible and exhibits
antimicrobial properties during the
setting reaction
The manufacturer advocates expressing
the sealer into the coronal one third to
one half of the canal and then seating
33. Obturation Techniques
Lateral compaction
Warm vertical compaction
Thermocompaction and hybrid technique
Thermoplasticized gutta-percha supported on a solid
core
Injectable thermoplasticized gutta-percha
34. Cold lateral condensation involves placing tapered gutta-percha cones in the canal
and compacting them under pressure against the walls
of the canal with a metal spreader
The first gutta-percha cone, called the “master cone or
point”, is ISO standardized so that it matches ISO files
sizes (Fig. 8.203) and should be chosen to customize to
the apical preparation size
Ideally, the customized master cone (as previously
described) should fit accurately in the apical few
millimetres at the predetermined length (Fig. 8.204a)
The customized point should not be easily forced
beyond the final preparation point and may
demonstrate a slight resistance to removal called “tug-
back”
The concept of apical “tug-back” has been widely cited
as a requirement for a wellfitting master cone and
should be valid as long as the taper of the point is
smaller than that of the prepared canal.
35. Once master point selection and
customization is complete, the canal is dried
for sealer and master point placement
Subsequent gutta-percha cones are called
“accessory cones”, are non-standardized in
taper and match spreader tapers (Fig. 8.205)
The metal spreaders can be either finger or
hand manipulated and are preselected by
placing in the canal to reach WL freely (Fig.
8.206) before the master cone is compacted
The spreader should be left in place for a few
seconds to allow the gutta-percha time to
deform and flow under pressure (Fig. 8.204b)
Following removal of the spreader, the first
accessory cone with a light coating of sealer is
placed and compacted into place
This process is repeated until the canal is filled
36. The selection of the taper (of gutta-percha and
matched spreader) depends on the taper of the canal
at any given segmental level in the canal to maximize
efficiency (Fig. 8.208)
It is recommended that finger spreaders be used as
hand spreaders very easily generate forces that may
fracture roots (Fig. 8.209)
It is important that the spreader reaches at least to
within 1 mm of the working length in order to ensure
adequate compaction of the gutta-percha against the
canal walls
Lateral compaction is by far the best technique for
controlling apical placement of root filing material
and should form the basis of any hybridized technique
39. compaction
The pre-fitted master cone is placed to the designated length in the
canal, the walls of which have been coated lightly with sealer (Fig.
8.220)
The cone is seared off at the canal-orifice level with a hot instrument
A cold plugger dipped in sealer powder or wiped with alcohol is used
to begin the compaction process
The coronal-most few millimetres of warmed gutta-percha are
moved laterally and apically
The heat carrier is now plunged 3–4 mm into the gutta-percha and
quickly removed
Some gutta percha is removed with the heated instrument and
immediately the remaining gutta-percha is compacted with the next
prefitted plugger
The body of the gutta-percha is warmed 4–5 mm ahead of the heated
instrument and the compacting action of the cold plugger moves the
gutta-percha apically and laterally
This procedure is repeated until about 5 mm of well compacted
gutta-percha remains in the apical portion of the canal
The coronal portion is then back-filled by introducing 3–4 mm
segments of gutta-percha, which are then heated and compacted in
sequence
40.
41. The compaction of the heated gutta-percha
encourages flow of the obturating material into canal
irregularities and accessory anatomical features
Careful adherence to the step-by-step approach usually
results in a dense homogeneous fill
42. System B in Warm vertical compaction
Variations on the warm vertical
obturation procedure have been
introduced to improve and simplify
the procedure
These include a variety of
electrically-operated heat carriers
available on the market
These units allow for instant
delivery of heat to the gutta-percha
mass that can then be compacted
The System-B heating element is
contained within specifically
designed pluggers, the tips of which
vary from 0.30 mm to 0.70 mm in
diameter
43. The heat carriers or “Buchanan system B pluggers” have
shapes that closely approximate the shapes of tapered
root-canal preparations
These pluggers currently come in five sizes or tapers;
extrafine (0.04), fine (0.06), fine-medium (0.08),
medium (0.10), and mediumlarge (0.12), which resemble
the greater taper of master cones (Fig. 8.223).
In addition, these dead-soft stainless steel heat pluggers
are quite flexible, allowing for deeper compaction
especially in narrow, curved canals
An example of a technique recommended by the
manufacturer for use with the System-B
44.
45. The System-B “Continuous Wave” obturation technique is based on the
Schilder warm vertical compaction procedure
Before the master cone is positioned, one of the five System-B pluggers is
chosen
The plugger (ML, M, FM, F, XF) is fitted to within 5–7 mm of the
working length and the position on the plugger noted
The heat source is set to 200°C
The canal orifice is coated with a small amount of sealer and the cone is
placed to length.
The tip of the plugger is placed into the canal orifice and activated
It is driven through the gutta-percha to the predetermined length
The heat is removed, the tip cools rapidly and the plugger’s position is
maintained for 5–10 seconds until the apical gutta-percha has set
This apical pressure compensates for volumetric changes as the gutta-
percha changes from the amorphous melt form back to the crystalline α-
form
The tip is reactivated for 1 second in order to release the plugger and to
remove excess guttapercha
At this stage, the apical portion has been obturated and the remainder
of the canal can be backfilled or post-space can be formed
The “backfill” can be completed as described by Schilder or using a
variety of injection delivery systems for thermoplasticized gutta-percha
46.
47. INJECTION OF THERMOPLASTICIZED
GUTTA-PERCHA
This technique involves injecting
molten gutta-percha into the
root-canal system
Theoretically simple, this
technique demands considerable
care and is associated with the
disadvantages of any
thermoplasticized material
48. Even though it has been recommended for
obturation of the complete root-canal system, it is
probably prudent to use the injectable heated
guttapercha as a backfilling material as described
above or in cases where apical occlusion is already
assured
As with all gutta-percha obturations, a sealer must be
used
A variety of systems are now available (see Fig. 8.224)
Commonly used systems include the Obtura® system
(“high-heat”) and the Ultrafil (“low-heat”) systems
Injectable gutta-percha allows for rapid backfilling of
the canal with material that demonstrates excellent
flow properties
49. Obtura system
The Obtura® system consists of a
control unit and a pistol-grip syringe
designed to accept gutta-percha pellets
formulated for use with the system
The gutta-percha is heated in the barrel
of the syringe to 160–200°C
The molten gutta-percha is extruded
through silver needles that are supplied
in20, 23 and 25 gauge sizes
As the gutta-percha leaves the tip of the
needle, its temperature drops to
between 62°C and 65°C
The heating barrel reaches full
operating temperature in less than two
minutes thereby eliminating the need
to preheat the gutta-percha
50. Ultrafil system The “low-heat” Ultrafil system
heats cannules containing gutta-
percha to 70°C in a heating unit
The gutta-percha is supplied in
three different formulations;
regular set; endoset; and firm set
The cannules must be placed in
the heater at least 15 minutes
before use and must be discarded
after 4 hours’ heating
The trigger is squeezed gently and
released and the gutta-percha is
allowed to flow out at its own rate
It is important to avoid excessive
pressure in order to prevent
extrusion of the material from
other channels