Presentation by Kyana Young, Joan B. Rose, John Fawell, Rosina Girones Llop, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Maureen Taylor at the 2015 UN-Water Annual International Zaragoza Conference, Zaragoza, Spain,15-17 January 2015.
This document presents research on approaches to mitigate pollution from the herbicide MCPA (2-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxyacetic acid) in water catchments used as drinking water sources. The research monitored MCPA concentrations spatially and temporally in an agricultural catchment in Ireland that supplies drinking water. Key findings include: MCPA concentrations exceeded drinking water limits and persisted in the system; concentrations increased downstream; and concentrations correlated positively with improved grassland and negatively with rough grazing land use. The research demonstrates the need for enhanced monitoring and questions the sustainability of certain land uses like improved grassland near drinking water sources.
Please Read and then contact me mapesanestory@yahoo.com/ kabaganga@gmail.com/ mapesanestory@outlook.com or +255752997756/+255684248202 For more readings
Impact of sewage and sewage treatment on surfacezainabsarfraz4
it help you to discover difference between sewage treatment and water treatment.you will differentiate about sewage,sewarge ,sewage system,sewage treatment.
This document outlines the content of a course on water demand management (WDM). The course covers WDM in context, municipal WDM options, benefits and a WDM plan. Key topics include the links between WDM and integrated water resources management, definitions of WDM, motivations for WDM, available WDM measures and the status of WDM in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries. The document provides learning outcomes for students and discusses constraints and incentives for implementing WDM.
04 Reclamation and Reuse of waste waterakashpadole
The presentation has prepared as per the syllabus of Mumbai University. Go through the presentation, if you like it then share it with your friends and classmates. Thank you :)
The document discusses rural water supply and sanitation in the state. It summarizes a Rs.792.25 crore APRWSS project approved by the state government with World Bank assistance to improve rural water supply services in six districts, benefiting over 2.1 million people. It also lists 14 water testing laboratories in the districts and provides an overview of the National Rural Drinking Water Programme and its components like coverage, water quality, sustainability, and support activities.
The document discusses solid and hazardous waste management, outlining 8 chapters that cover topics like solid waste generation and collection, handling and processing, transportation and disposal. It also examines factors contributing to solid waste problems and provides definitions and sources of different types of solid wastes. The goal of integrated solid waste management is to manage waste in a way that protects public health and the environment.
Climate Resilient Water Safety Plan ImplementationIRC
The Water Development Commission shared the experience with the Climate Resilient Water Safety Plan (CR WSP) implementation approach in Ethiopia during a learning workshop. This workshop was held in Adama, Ethiopia, on 23 September 2021.
This document presents research on approaches to mitigate pollution from the herbicide MCPA (2-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxyacetic acid) in water catchments used as drinking water sources. The research monitored MCPA concentrations spatially and temporally in an agricultural catchment in Ireland that supplies drinking water. Key findings include: MCPA concentrations exceeded drinking water limits and persisted in the system; concentrations increased downstream; and concentrations correlated positively with improved grassland and negatively with rough grazing land use. The research demonstrates the need for enhanced monitoring and questions the sustainability of certain land uses like improved grassland near drinking water sources.
Please Read and then contact me mapesanestory@yahoo.com/ kabaganga@gmail.com/ mapesanestory@outlook.com or +255752997756/+255684248202 For more readings
Impact of sewage and sewage treatment on surfacezainabsarfraz4
it help you to discover difference between sewage treatment and water treatment.you will differentiate about sewage,sewarge ,sewage system,sewage treatment.
This document outlines the content of a course on water demand management (WDM). The course covers WDM in context, municipal WDM options, benefits and a WDM plan. Key topics include the links between WDM and integrated water resources management, definitions of WDM, motivations for WDM, available WDM measures and the status of WDM in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries. The document provides learning outcomes for students and discusses constraints and incentives for implementing WDM.
04 Reclamation and Reuse of waste waterakashpadole
The presentation has prepared as per the syllabus of Mumbai University. Go through the presentation, if you like it then share it with your friends and classmates. Thank you :)
The document discusses rural water supply and sanitation in the state. It summarizes a Rs.792.25 crore APRWSS project approved by the state government with World Bank assistance to improve rural water supply services in six districts, benefiting over 2.1 million people. It also lists 14 water testing laboratories in the districts and provides an overview of the National Rural Drinking Water Programme and its components like coverage, water quality, sustainability, and support activities.
The document discusses solid and hazardous waste management, outlining 8 chapters that cover topics like solid waste generation and collection, handling and processing, transportation and disposal. It also examines factors contributing to solid waste problems and provides definitions and sources of different types of solid wastes. The goal of integrated solid waste management is to manage waste in a way that protects public health and the environment.
Climate Resilient Water Safety Plan ImplementationIRC
The Water Development Commission shared the experience with the Climate Resilient Water Safety Plan (CR WSP) implementation approach in Ethiopia during a learning workshop. This workshop was held in Adama, Ethiopia, on 23 September 2021.
Water Quality Monitoring Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Introducing Water Quality Monitoring Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides which will assist in developing, distributing, and managing the optimum use of water resources. By taking advantage of our readily available water testing PPT visuals, discuss the six main indicators of the water quality. This water resource management PPT slide deck can be used by the department of water for analyzing information about water quality and to underpin decisions about water resource management. You can provide an overview of water market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure by using our readily available water quality modeling PPT slideshow. Describe how you can monitor and assess the water quality in order to manage the water resources. You can also showcase the wastewater treatment according to various industry types by utilizing these water quality monitoring PowerPoint slides. Highlight the trends that can influence the water industry in the future. Also, showcase the factors that can affect the performance of the water technology market. Hence, download our ready-to-use assessing water quality PowerPoint presentation and ensure the optimum use of water resources. https://bit.ly/30tFhdE
Scope of reuse of sewage for baroda cityArvind Kumar
This document discusses the concept of water reuse and provides two case studies on limited reuse of treated domestic wastewater in Baroda City, India. It summarizes the key points as follows:
1) Water reuse is becoming more important due to population growth, increased water demand, and decreased freshwater sources. It involves using treated wastewater for purposes like irrigation, industrial uses, and groundwater recharge.
2) The first case study examines reuse of wastewater from two sewage pumping stations for gardening and other non-potable uses. It evaluates treatment using activated sludge, clarification, filtration and chlorination.
3) The second case study looks at industrial reuse of treated eff
Sustainable Water Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Introducing Sustainable Water Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides. This Water resource system PowerPoint slideshow can be used to explain the overview of market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure of the water industry. You can discuss the process of planning, developing, and managing the optimum use of water. The survey data for determining water quality can be easily presented by using a water cycle management PowerPoint slideshow. Demonstrate the division of the wastewater treatment market by editing our content-ready water quality monitoring PowerPoint slide deck. You can easily edit our water resources presentation to highlight the natural processes and human processes that affect water quality. Key trends that will influence the water industry in the future such as increasing regulation, failing infrastructure, greater conservation, and efficiency, etc. can also be presented with the help of our ready-to-use water management PPT visuals. It is possible to present the features that describe a suitable location for the monitoring program. It is easy to explain topics like wastewater treatment process, wastewater reuse, global wastewater reuse by sector, treated wastewater quality parameter, etc by downloading this sustainable water management PowerPoint slide deck. https://bit.ly/3tEV5qm
DESIGN OF A 30 MLD SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT(PROJECT REPORT) Ratnesh Kushwaha
This is a project report on design of a 30 MLD sewage treatment plant. It includes the different characteristics of waste water, various treatment units, design calculations and a layout of sewage treatment plant. This report also includes the future scope of this project.
Visit my slide share channel for downloading power point presentation of this project
Nepal's national drinking water quality standard 2005Pragati Shah
These slides are about the national standard for the drinking water supply in Nepal. Every drinking water supplier and stake holders in sanitation and water supply area should follow this quality standard.
WASTEWATER TREATMENT METHODS- EFFECTS OF WW ON SOILpgayatrinaidu
This document discusses the effects of domestic wastewater treatment on soil properties. It explains that domestic wastewater contains nutrients, pathogens, and other pollutants. Treatment processes like sedimentation, screening, and biological and chemical treatments are used to clean the wastewater. These treatment processes can affect soil properties by forming sludge layers, decreasing fertility, increasing pH and salinity, and nitrifying the soil. Proper wastewater treatment and management is needed to reuse wastewater and prevent soil pollution.
sewers and sewer netwrok - design construction and maintenanceManish Goyal
This document discusses the design of sewer systems. It begins by classifying sewers into domestic, storm, and combined sewers based on what they are designed to carry. It notes the advantages and disadvantages of combined sewers. The document then discusses methods for estimating sewage flow rates, including population forecasting, per capita flow rates, and peak flow factors. It also covers stormwater runoff estimation and the rational method formula. Finally, it discusses some hydraulic design considerations for sewers, such as designing for partial flow rather than full flow due to gas generation in sewers.
The document discusses the analysis of surface water quality in Tripura, India. 23 surface water samples were collected from various locations and analyzed for parameters like pH, turbidity, conductivity, calcium, magnesium, iron and more. The water quality index was determined using the concept of information entropy to check if the water was suitable for drinking. The principles, methods, equipment and procedures for determining various physico-chemical parameters of the water samples are also outlined.
Design of water supply distribution network including pipeline through Differ...Aditi Pandey
The necessary investigation required for design and laying of water supply distribution network shall relate to carrying out validating the property survey data for all habitations within the project area. The detailed property survey data available with the Employer will be provided for validation. The Topographic survey data and drawings of the Water Supply Distribution network showing the length, pipe diameter and alignment of the pipeline will be done
supplying wholesome water to consumers with suitable methods in economical way,to exist human life water is very important as air is,so,as a civil engineer's we have to supply safe water to consumers in economical way,in this we are going to explain about component parts of water supply scheme,systems of water distribution and layouts of distribution system according to their suitability.
SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES IN WATER SUPPLY & SANITATIONRAMSIDDARTHAN .
1. The document discusses sustainable strategies for water supply and sanitation. It covers various topics including the importance of water, different water sources, the hydrological cycle, water distribution on Earth, portable water, domestic water uses, water pollution, and improving water quality.
2. It also discusses sustainability, factors affecting water source sustainability, elements of sustainability, ground and surface water harvesting systems, and a support model for selecting sustainable structures.
3. The document provides information on sanitation challenges in India, definitions of sanitation, steps to solve sanitation problems, available sanitation technologies, criteria for selecting technologies, and strategies for successful sanitation projects in developing countries.
This document discusses methods for estimating wastewater and stormwater quantities for sewer system design. It defines key terms like sewage, sewer, and sewerage. It describes the components of wastewater engineering like collection, disposal, and treatment systems. It discusses different sewer systems like separate, combined, and partially separated. Methods for estimating sanitary sewage include considering population, water supply rate, and a peaking factor. Stormwater is estimated using the Rational Method or empirical formulas considering rainfall intensity, runoff coefficient, and catchment area. The document provides examples to calculate runoff coefficient, design discharge, and stormwater quantity.
The document discusses integrated solid waste management (ISWM) and developing an optimization model using GAMS to determine the most cost effective solid waste management strategy for a community. The model considers different waste disposal options like recycling, composting, incineration and landfills to minimize costs while maximizing revenue from compost material sales. The goal is to identify the optimal sites and allocation of waste across these treatment facilities.
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
03 - Computation of organic waste loads on stream, Streater Phelps equation.pptxPRACHI DESSAI
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
This document outlines the environmental impact assessment notification process in India. It specifies that any new projects or expansions/modernizations of existing projects that exceed certain thresholds must undergo an environmental clearance process. This involves submitting an application with an environmental impact assessment report and management plan. The impact assessment agency will evaluate the application and may consult an expert committee. Clearance is valid for 5 years to commence construction or operation. Concealing or providing misleading information can lead to rejection or revocation of clearance. Schedules I-III provide lists of projects requiring clearance and guidelines on the application and expert committee composition.
To design a water supply system, the engineer must evaluate water demand. There are several categories of water demand including domestic, public, commercial, industrial, fire, irrigation, and losses/wastes. Typical domestic demand is for drinking, sanitation, washing, and gardening. Public demand includes government buildings and services. Commercial demand serves businesses. Industrial demand supplies manufacturing. Fire demand accounts for fighting fires. Irrigation supplies crops. Losses are from leakage in pipes. The engineer forecasts demand to properly size the system.
This document lists 47 water resource engineering projects available for students in BE/B.Tech and ME/M.Tech programs through Sree Samarth Project Solution located in Aurangabad, India. The projects cover a wide range of topics including groundwater inventory, water treatment, water quality analysis, rainwater harvesting, wastewater recycling and more. Contact is provided for Lakade Sagar at the listed phone number and email for more details on the available projects.
The document describes the scenario simulation method for quantitative risk analysis. It discusses principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce variables and identify key factors that influence yield curve movements. The methodology involves using PCA to represent changes in key rates as a linear combination of independent principal factors. These factors are then discretized into a finite number of scenarios to simulate changes in key rates and portfolio values over time, enabling faster risk analysis compared to Monte Carlo simulation. Several examples are provided to illustrate applying this scenario simulation approach to analyze risk for single-currency and multi-currency fixed income portfolios.
The document summarizes drinking water source protection in Ontario. It discusses the Walkerton tragedy in 2000 where contaminated drinking water killed 7 people. This led to the Clean Water Act of 2006 which legally mandates source water protection. It established 19 source protection regions, including the CTC region. The CTC region has 3 source protection areas, including the Toronto and Region area which has 11 lake water intakes and 21 groundwater wells supplying drinking water. Threats to drinking water sources in the region were identified in the source protection plan, but none were found in vulnerable areas. The document emphasizes protecting drinking water sources is the first step to ensuring a sustainable and safe drinking water supply.
Water Quality Monitoring Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Introducing Water Quality Monitoring Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides which will assist in developing, distributing, and managing the optimum use of water resources. By taking advantage of our readily available water testing PPT visuals, discuss the six main indicators of the water quality. This water resource management PPT slide deck can be used by the department of water for analyzing information about water quality and to underpin decisions about water resource management. You can provide an overview of water market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure by using our readily available water quality modeling PPT slideshow. Describe how you can monitor and assess the water quality in order to manage the water resources. You can also showcase the wastewater treatment according to various industry types by utilizing these water quality monitoring PowerPoint slides. Highlight the trends that can influence the water industry in the future. Also, showcase the factors that can affect the performance of the water technology market. Hence, download our ready-to-use assessing water quality PowerPoint presentation and ensure the optimum use of water resources. https://bit.ly/30tFhdE
Scope of reuse of sewage for baroda cityArvind Kumar
This document discusses the concept of water reuse and provides two case studies on limited reuse of treated domestic wastewater in Baroda City, India. It summarizes the key points as follows:
1) Water reuse is becoming more important due to population growth, increased water demand, and decreased freshwater sources. It involves using treated wastewater for purposes like irrigation, industrial uses, and groundwater recharge.
2) The first case study examines reuse of wastewater from two sewage pumping stations for gardening and other non-potable uses. It evaluates treatment using activated sludge, clarification, filtration and chlorination.
3) The second case study looks at industrial reuse of treated eff
Sustainable Water Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Introducing Sustainable Water Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides. This Water resource system PowerPoint slideshow can be used to explain the overview of market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure of the water industry. You can discuss the process of planning, developing, and managing the optimum use of water. The survey data for determining water quality can be easily presented by using a water cycle management PowerPoint slideshow. Demonstrate the division of the wastewater treatment market by editing our content-ready water quality monitoring PowerPoint slide deck. You can easily edit our water resources presentation to highlight the natural processes and human processes that affect water quality. Key trends that will influence the water industry in the future such as increasing regulation, failing infrastructure, greater conservation, and efficiency, etc. can also be presented with the help of our ready-to-use water management PPT visuals. It is possible to present the features that describe a suitable location for the monitoring program. It is easy to explain topics like wastewater treatment process, wastewater reuse, global wastewater reuse by sector, treated wastewater quality parameter, etc by downloading this sustainable water management PowerPoint slide deck. https://bit.ly/3tEV5qm
DESIGN OF A 30 MLD SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT(PROJECT REPORT) Ratnesh Kushwaha
This is a project report on design of a 30 MLD sewage treatment plant. It includes the different characteristics of waste water, various treatment units, design calculations and a layout of sewage treatment plant. This report also includes the future scope of this project.
Visit my slide share channel for downloading power point presentation of this project
Nepal's national drinking water quality standard 2005Pragati Shah
These slides are about the national standard for the drinking water supply in Nepal. Every drinking water supplier and stake holders in sanitation and water supply area should follow this quality standard.
WASTEWATER TREATMENT METHODS- EFFECTS OF WW ON SOILpgayatrinaidu
This document discusses the effects of domestic wastewater treatment on soil properties. It explains that domestic wastewater contains nutrients, pathogens, and other pollutants. Treatment processes like sedimentation, screening, and biological and chemical treatments are used to clean the wastewater. These treatment processes can affect soil properties by forming sludge layers, decreasing fertility, increasing pH and salinity, and nitrifying the soil. Proper wastewater treatment and management is needed to reuse wastewater and prevent soil pollution.
sewers and sewer netwrok - design construction and maintenanceManish Goyal
This document discusses the design of sewer systems. It begins by classifying sewers into domestic, storm, and combined sewers based on what they are designed to carry. It notes the advantages and disadvantages of combined sewers. The document then discusses methods for estimating sewage flow rates, including population forecasting, per capita flow rates, and peak flow factors. It also covers stormwater runoff estimation and the rational method formula. Finally, it discusses some hydraulic design considerations for sewers, such as designing for partial flow rather than full flow due to gas generation in sewers.
The document discusses the analysis of surface water quality in Tripura, India. 23 surface water samples were collected from various locations and analyzed for parameters like pH, turbidity, conductivity, calcium, magnesium, iron and more. The water quality index was determined using the concept of information entropy to check if the water was suitable for drinking. The principles, methods, equipment and procedures for determining various physico-chemical parameters of the water samples are also outlined.
Design of water supply distribution network including pipeline through Differ...Aditi Pandey
The necessary investigation required for design and laying of water supply distribution network shall relate to carrying out validating the property survey data for all habitations within the project area. The detailed property survey data available with the Employer will be provided for validation. The Topographic survey data and drawings of the Water Supply Distribution network showing the length, pipe diameter and alignment of the pipeline will be done
supplying wholesome water to consumers with suitable methods in economical way,to exist human life water is very important as air is,so,as a civil engineer's we have to supply safe water to consumers in economical way,in this we are going to explain about component parts of water supply scheme,systems of water distribution and layouts of distribution system according to their suitability.
SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES IN WATER SUPPLY & SANITATIONRAMSIDDARTHAN .
1. The document discusses sustainable strategies for water supply and sanitation. It covers various topics including the importance of water, different water sources, the hydrological cycle, water distribution on Earth, portable water, domestic water uses, water pollution, and improving water quality.
2. It also discusses sustainability, factors affecting water source sustainability, elements of sustainability, ground and surface water harvesting systems, and a support model for selecting sustainable structures.
3. The document provides information on sanitation challenges in India, definitions of sanitation, steps to solve sanitation problems, available sanitation technologies, criteria for selecting technologies, and strategies for successful sanitation projects in developing countries.
This document discusses methods for estimating wastewater and stormwater quantities for sewer system design. It defines key terms like sewage, sewer, and sewerage. It describes the components of wastewater engineering like collection, disposal, and treatment systems. It discusses different sewer systems like separate, combined, and partially separated. Methods for estimating sanitary sewage include considering population, water supply rate, and a peaking factor. Stormwater is estimated using the Rational Method or empirical formulas considering rainfall intensity, runoff coefficient, and catchment area. The document provides examples to calculate runoff coefficient, design discharge, and stormwater quantity.
The document discusses integrated solid waste management (ISWM) and developing an optimization model using GAMS to determine the most cost effective solid waste management strategy for a community. The model considers different waste disposal options like recycling, composting, incineration and landfills to minimize costs while maximizing revenue from compost material sales. The goal is to identify the optimal sites and allocation of waste across these treatment facilities.
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
03 - Computation of organic waste loads on stream, Streater Phelps equation.pptxPRACHI DESSAI
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
This document outlines the environmental impact assessment notification process in India. It specifies that any new projects or expansions/modernizations of existing projects that exceed certain thresholds must undergo an environmental clearance process. This involves submitting an application with an environmental impact assessment report and management plan. The impact assessment agency will evaluate the application and may consult an expert committee. Clearance is valid for 5 years to commence construction or operation. Concealing or providing misleading information can lead to rejection or revocation of clearance. Schedules I-III provide lists of projects requiring clearance and guidelines on the application and expert committee composition.
To design a water supply system, the engineer must evaluate water demand. There are several categories of water demand including domestic, public, commercial, industrial, fire, irrigation, and losses/wastes. Typical domestic demand is for drinking, sanitation, washing, and gardening. Public demand includes government buildings and services. Commercial demand serves businesses. Industrial demand supplies manufacturing. Fire demand accounts for fighting fires. Irrigation supplies crops. Losses are from leakage in pipes. The engineer forecasts demand to properly size the system.
This document lists 47 water resource engineering projects available for students in BE/B.Tech and ME/M.Tech programs through Sree Samarth Project Solution located in Aurangabad, India. The projects cover a wide range of topics including groundwater inventory, water treatment, water quality analysis, rainwater harvesting, wastewater recycling and more. Contact is provided for Lakade Sagar at the listed phone number and email for more details on the available projects.
The document describes the scenario simulation method for quantitative risk analysis. It discusses principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce variables and identify key factors that influence yield curve movements. The methodology involves using PCA to represent changes in key rates as a linear combination of independent principal factors. These factors are then discretized into a finite number of scenarios to simulate changes in key rates and portfolio values over time, enabling faster risk analysis compared to Monte Carlo simulation. Several examples are provided to illustrate applying this scenario simulation approach to analyze risk for single-currency and multi-currency fixed income portfolios.
The document summarizes drinking water source protection in Ontario. It discusses the Walkerton tragedy in 2000 where contaminated drinking water killed 7 people. This led to the Clean Water Act of 2006 which legally mandates source water protection. It established 19 source protection regions, including the CTC region. The CTC region has 3 source protection areas, including the Toronto and Region area which has 11 lake water intakes and 21 groundwater wells supplying drinking water. Threats to drinking water sources in the region were identified in the source protection plan, but none were found in vulnerable areas. The document emphasizes protecting drinking water sources is the first step to ensuring a sustainable and safe drinking water supply.
The APM Risk SIG presented a Quantitative Risk Analysis event on 11th February 2016 that provided perspectives across the project stakeholder spectrum, from client decision-makers to risk analysts and consultants.
The APM Risk SIG presented a Quantitative Risk Analysis event that provided perspectives across the project stakeholder spectrum, from client decision-makers to risk analysts and consultants.
The APM Risk SIG presented a Quantitative Risk Analysis event on 11th February 2016 that provided perspectives across the project stakeholder spectrum, from client decision-makers to risk analysts and consultants.
John Mullins, Associate Professor of Management Practice in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, presents a toolkit for assessing and shaping market opportunities and a better way for entrepreneurs to assess the adequacy of what they bring to the table as
individuals and as a team. These seven domains address the central elements in the assessment of any market opportunity.
This was first published in Business Strategy Review, Volume 25, Issue 2 - 2014. Subscribe today to receive your quarterly copy delivered to your home or work place. http://bit.ly/BSR-subscribe
The document provides guidance on rigorously evaluating new business ideas and opportunities. It emphasizes the importance of examining both the attractiveness of the target market and industry from macro and micro perspectives. Specifically, it recommends analyzing market and industry size, growth trends, competitive forces, barriers to entry, and whether the opportunity offers sustainable advantages. Additionally, it stresses the importance of evaluating the entrepreneurial team's ability to execute on critical success factors and their connections within the industry's value chain. Failure to properly evaluate these key domains could lead a new venture to fail.
The document discusses ISO 14001 environmental management systems. It provides an overview of what an EMS is, how it was created by the International Organization for Standardization, and the key elements required by ISO 14001 certification including environmental policy, planning, implementation, checking and corrective action, and management review. Benefits of an EMS include more reliable environmental performance and compliance as well as opportunities for improvement and cost reduction.
This document provides an overview of environmental audits, including what they are, their objectives and benefits, types of environmental audits, and the audit process. An environmental audit is a systematic, documented evaluation of an organization's environmental management system and performance to help ensure compliance and improve environmental impact. The main types of audits covered are compliance, performance, and financial audits. The audit process involves planning, an on-site assessment, reporting findings and recommendations, and following up on corrective actions.
An introduction to the terminology used in VCE Environmental Science Unit 4 (Area of Study 2) - Environmental Management Systems, Environmental Risk Assesssment, EES, EIS, Life Cycle Analysis and Precautionary Principle.
The Kyoto Protocol is a 1997 global agreement that set targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It aimed to reduce emissions in industrialized countries to 5% below 1990 levels by 2008-2012, with varying targets for different countries. While most industrialized countries met their targets, emissions in other high emitters like the US rose. The targets are now seen as too low, and greater reductions are needed to combat climate change. Individual actions and moving to renewable energy can help reduce emissions, but replacing coal with nuclear power will also be necessary to meet future targets.
- A soft drink manufacturing company in Kerala, India began dumping foul-smelling waste slurry onto nearby land in 2002, contaminating the local water supply and affecting over 1,000 families in surrounding villages within a 5 km radius.
- The local tribal communities have been peacefully protesting to demand that the factory be closed, as it produces over 39 lakh ml of beverages daily.
- While the slurry was initially sold as fertilizer, buyers stopped purchasing it once they realized it was contaminated, so the company began dumping it illegally.
Surface water, frozen water, and groundwater are the main sources of fresh water. Surface water comes from rivers, lakes, and wetlands and is replenished by precipitation and lost through discharge and evaporation. Frozen water is stored in glaciers and ice caps, though some proposals have explored using icebergs as a water source. Groundwater is stored underground. People use water for household needs like washing, drinking, and bathing, as well as agriculture, industry, and recreation. Conserving water helps protect this resource and some tips include only running dishwashers and washing machines with full loads, turning off taps when brushing teeth, checking for leaks, taking shorter showers, and watering lawns in
The document discusses various growth strategies for organizations, including mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, and strategic alliances. It defines these strategies and provides examples. Mergers involve two companies combining to form a single new entity, while acquisitions occur when one company takes over another. Joint ventures allow companies to form a new entity to undertake specific projects together. Strategic alliances enable sharing of resources without changes in control.
The document discusses different ways that people use water resources. It describes household uses like drinking, bathing, cooking, sanitation, and gardening. Recreational uses include activities like going to the pool or beach, fishing, and surfing. The largest portion of water usage is for agricultural irrigation, which accounts for 69% of total water use. Other uses include industrial applications like power plants and manufacturing, as well as environmental and recreational activities. The document emphasizes that water is a limited resource and its conservation is important.
The document discusses various growth strategies that companies can pursue, including internal growth strategies like market penetration, market development, and product development as well as external strategies like mergers & acquisitions, strategic alliances, and joint ventures. It defines key terms, compares different types of mergers and acquisitions, and discusses the benefits and challenges of joint ventures.
This document provides an overview of water resources and ways to conserve water. It discusses how water is used by humans for agriculture, industry, households and recreation. It notes that fresh water supplies are under threat from rising demand. The document outlines some good and bad ways people use water, and proposes conservation tips like taking shorter showers, fixing leaks, and running dishwashers only with full loads. It includes links to videos about saving water and the environmental crisis.
Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful for various human uses. Virtually all human uses require fresh water, but only 3% of the water on Earth is fresh, and over two thirds of that is frozen in glaciers and ice caps. As the global population rises, water demand is exceeding supply in many areas, so there is increasing scarcity of accessible, clean fresh water. The major sources of fresh water are surface water, groundwater, and frozen water. Water is used for agricultural, industrial, household, and environmental purposes.
The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to fight global warming. Under the protocol, 37 industrialized countries commit to reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. The US has not ratified the treaty due to concerns about developing countries not having emissions commitments.
Academia session: Joan Rose, Michigan State University , 16th January UN Wate...water-decade
This document discusses using risk assessment as a tool to improve water quality and the role of higher education institutions. It provides an overview of a conference on this topic, including discussion questions on various issues like how water quality is impacting health globally, how to integrate science and policy in risk analysis frameworks, and the future of water education curricula. The document also discusses challenges like population growth pressures on water resources and fecal contamination of water supplies. It advocates using risk assessment and other tools within a multi-disciplinary approach to address these challenges and protect water quality and public health.
Jennifer L. Murphy is an Environmental Microbiologist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). She received her Ph.D. in Environmental Microbiology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2006. Currently, she serves as the Acting Team Lead and Principal Investigator of the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory at CDC. Her work involves conducting research on waterborne pathogens and developing water testing methods. She has led several global studies assessing water quality and sanitation in places like Ethiopia, Kenya, and Haiti. Dr. Murphy also assists with outbreak responses through environmental sampling and testing.
This document summarizes the rationalization of the surface water quality monitoring program under the Hydrology Project in India. It discusses that various agencies were monitoring water quality with different objectives and no coordination, resulting in duplication of efforts. The Hydrology Project aims to design a unified monitoring network and methodology. Key points discussed include:
- Monitoring objectives of establishing baseline quality, observing trends, and calculating pollutant flux.
- Frequency of sampling every 2 months at baseline stations and monthly at trend stations to represent all seasons.
- Parameters to include general, nutrients, organic, and microbiological parameters depending on station type.
- Emphasis on representative sampling and sample collection/transport procedures.
This document summarizes the rationalization of India's surface water quality monitoring program under the Hydrology Project. It discusses that while different agencies have historically monitored water quality, their objectives and methods were inconsistent. The Hydrology Project aims to design a unified monitoring network and methodology. Key points include:
- Monitoring objectives of establishing baseline quality, observing trends, and calculating pollutant fluxes.
- Stations will initially be classified as baseline, trend, or flux stations based on 3 years of data.
- Samples will be collected every 2 months at minimum to represent all seasons. Monitoring frequency may increase at some stations.
- Recommended parameters include general, nutrient, organic, and microbiological parameters depending on the station type.
Teaching Sustainability and Social Justice: A Resource for High School Teache...John W. Eppensteiner III
Water is a limited global resource that is essential to life but is increasingly under threat. Over 2 billion people currently lack access to clean drinking water and sanitation, resulting in water-related disease that causes over 1 million deaths annually. As the global population and economies continue to grow, demand for water is projected to increase 55% by 2050. Many industries and businesses rely heavily on water but face increasing physical, regulatory, and reputational risks associated with water scarcity and quality issues. Innovations in water sustainability, such as water footprinting and green infrastructure, are helping to address these global water challenges.
Microbiological and Physicochemical analysis of WaterMiracleLivinus1
This document provides an overview of a research proposal to analyze the microbiological and physiochemical quality of five brands of sachet water sold in Nassarawa L.G.A, Kano State, Nigeria. The study aims to 1) evaluate microbiological quality by assessing for bacteria, fungi and other microbes, 2) analyze physiochemical properties like pH and turbidity, 3) identify potential contamination sources, and 4) compare results to regulatory standards. Water samples will be collected from various locations using random and systematic sampling. Microbiological and physiochemical analysis will be conducted in a laboratory. The results could help improve water quality, promote regulatory compliance, and increase consumer awareness of safe water practices.
This document outlines a study using an ecosystem approach to improve water health in Vietnam. A transdisciplinary team conducted a study with 600 small-scale farmers to understand their water usage, public health knowledge, and perceptions. Preliminary findings show most farmers do not trust their water quality and lack awareness of bacterial pathogens, though some are concerned with zoonotic diseases. Water samples found 80% did not meet WHO standards for fecal coliforms. The study aims to develop on-farm training and low-cost water testing kits to educate farmers and inform water policy.
The MENA NWC is a network of research and educational institutions across the Middle East and North Africa working collaboratively to address longstanding water issues in the region. It identifies relevant policy interventions, technologies, and partnerships to improve water security. The Network supports applied research projects through various grant programs, focusing on areas like water efficiency, groundwater, non-conventional water sources, and the water-energy-food nexus. It aims to strengthen collaboration and build regional capacity to resolve critical water challenges.
Market research and feasibility of water treatment in durgapurSaral Chatterjee
This document is a market research report submitted by Saral Chatterjee analyzing the feasibility of setting up a water treatment plant in Durgapur, India. It finds that Durgapur has high pollution levels and a lack of clean water, creating a market opportunity. The report outlines the water treatment process, regulatory requirements for setting up a plant, and concludes that a plant could successfully meet the demand for purified water in Durgapur. It acknowledges limitations in gathering further consumer data but hypothesizes that a quality, affordable water treatment operation could exceed in the area.
Handout prepared to the "Introduction to water and waste water management|.
Brief introduction about water and wastewater monitoring.
Contact: adnansirage@gmail.com
Human transformation of freshwater ecosystems is rapidly exceeding capacity required to sustain the conditions we need to survive and thrive. Water crises are already impacting people around the globe—from river basins in California and China, to the cities of São Palo and Bangkok. Under current population and growth trends, the 2030 Water Resources Group predicts global water demand will exceed available supply by 40 percent by 2030.
1. The study evaluated the impact of an automated chlorination technology called Chlorun on providing safe drinking water in a rural Indian village called Namiligonda.
2. Baseline water quality testing found the village's surface water source to be highly contaminated with fecal coliform. Traditional intermittent chlorine treatment was unable to consistently disinfect the water.
3. The Chlorun system was installed to provide continuous 24/7 chlorination. Post-installation testing found E. coli was eliminated from the water during the study period and residual chlorine levels of 0.5 parts per million were maintained.
4. Health outcomes like incidence of diarrhea, weight gain in children, and hygiene
LGC is addressing the UK's chemical and bio-measurement needs to support key industries like healthcare, food, and energy. LGC researchers are developing new methods to accurately measure pollutants like PBDEs in water samples to help enforce the EU Water Framework Directive and clean up rivers and lakes. They are also studying microbial communities as bioindicators of water quality to rapidly assess the impacts of pollution and help mitigate threats to water resources.
Assessment of the Household Practices of Drinking Water Collection, Transport...ijtsrd
Introduction The supply of potable water in low resource countries has been a public health concern, with frequent water interruptions, leaving the population vulnerable to access to potable water in households, which renders the population at risk of waterborne diseases like cholera. Our objectives were to assess the household practices of drinking water collection, transportation and storage in the Fako Division of the Southwest Region of Cameroon.Methods This was a cross sectional study with a mixed method approach. Focus Group Discussions were done to get an inside of the observed practices and a quasi experimental study with education as an intervention. A total of 394 households were randomly selected and issued a pretested questionnaire. A multistage random sampling technique was used to recruit the participants in the households in the four health districts of Fako. For the quasi experiment, 50 water samples from 50 homes were tested before and after the intervention to measure the mean microbial score in stored household drinking water. A one sample t test was used to compare the mean microbial colony count at baseline and 3 months post intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and confidence intervals were reported at a significance level of 0.05. Results Assessing the participants practice in drinking water collection and transportation, 273 69.3 of the participants reported public taps as their primary source of drinking water. The main alternative source of drinking water was spring 233 59.1 . More than half 56.3 of the respondents reported that they take more than 30 minutes to fetch water, done mostly by children 62.2 , and the majority 89.1 do this by trekking. Over half, 268 68 of the participants used buckets with lids, and 119 30.2 , use jerry cans to fetch water. A total of 184 46.7 reported a bucket with a lid as the water storage container meanwhile 34 8.6 and 176 44.7 stored water in a bucket with no lid and jerry cans respectively. Almost a half 180 46.9 store their drinking water for more than 2 days. The mean bacterial colony count 29.72 ± 40.07 after the intervention was significantly lower than the mean bacterial colony at baseline 71.4 ± 68.38, t 50 = 6.846, P 0.001 .Conclusion The primary source of drinking water in Fako is public tap, alternative source being a spring. More than half of the participants trek to fetch water and almost half of the participants store drinking water for more than 2 days. Intervention with health education significantly lowered the mean bacterial colony count in household drinking water. Malika Esembeson | Palle John Ngunde | Kamgno Joseph | Ronald Gobina | Vivian EA Eta | Binwi Florence Nkemayim | Ndefon Peter | Serge Ngekeng | Kukwah Anthony Tufon | Ngomba Divine Martin Mokake | Henry Dilonga Meriki | Njunda Anna Longdoh "Assessment of the Household Practices of Drinking Water Collection, Transportation and Storage in Fako Division, South-
The document discusses India's efforts to provide safe drinking water to its population. It notes that in 1975, over 1 billion people globally lacked access to safe water. In response, India developed various five-year plans from 1980-1997 to expand access, with the goal of supplying safe water to all rural villages. Key aspects of ensuring water safety discussed include water quality standards, testing for contaminants, monitoring programs, and strategies like water treatment and sanitation inspections. The document also examines health impacts of contaminated water and international targets for access to improved water sources.
This project aims to develop a DNA chip-based method to detect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environmental bacteria and aquatic pathogens found in surface water. The method will be used to study the origin and spread of ARGs in water used for recreation and irrigation, and assess the risks to human health. The project brings together researchers from multiple countries and disciplines and will strengthen links between institutions. It will inform policies to manage antibiotic resistant organisms in water and make recommendations to reduce human exposure and health risks.
Performance assessment of water filtration plants in pakistan - JBESInnspub Net
A study was carried out to evaluate the water quality of filtration plants installed at six different places of Cantonment Board Sialkot, Pakistan to suggest and recommend guidelines for their improvement. Water samples from six Treatment plants and their respective twelve connections (two from each treatment plants) were collected before and after treatment. In this way, total samples were collected and tested. Values of these samples before and after treatment were used for comparison with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water standards. Thirty three parameters including physical, chemical and bacteriological were determined for each sample. The results were satisfactory both chemically and bacteriologically according to WHO guidelines for water quality of treatment plants. The results showed that the samples of water were fit, both before and after treatment plant except for water sample of treatment plant No. IV & V (Before treatment). Total and faecal coliform were found in these samples. Various causes of faecal contamination before treatment may be due to leakage of pipelines, operation at tubewells, layout of freshwater pipes parallel or beneath the sewerage pipes or channels. Disinfection of water at source is recommended to deal with the faecal contamination; otherwise there is no need of filtration plant.
Governments: Thomas Chiramba, UNEP, 16th January UN Water Zaragoza Conference...water-decade
This document summarizes tools and initiatives to improve water quality globally. It discusses the importance of water quality, UN goals around reducing pollution and protecting ecosystems. Key challenges are lack of consistent water quality data and indicators. Examples from Brazil, South Korea, Spain and WIPO GREEN initiative show approaches like regulations, monitoring programs, pilot projects, and technology marketplaces to address issues like untreated wastewater and promote solutions. Lessons highlight the need for timely investment, information sharing, and multi-stakeholder involvement to support sustainable water quality management.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality Index Using GIS at Tirupathi, IndiaIRJET Journal
- The document analyzes groundwater quality in Tirupati, India using physical and chemical testing of water samples from 20 locations.
- Water Quality Index values showed that over 82% of samples were of "poor" quality and unsuitable for drinking.
- Spatial distribution maps created with GIS showed total dissolved solids were similar across locations while total hardness varied more between sites.
- The study assessed groundwater quality across the area to identify suitable locations for drinking water and inform management of water resources.
River Health and Hydropower on the Lancang River discusses research on balancing river health and hydropower requirements in the Lancang River Basin. The document outlines research on river health assessment and hydropower impacts, transboundary environmental effects of hydropower, and experiences sharing environmental protection between China and Laos. Presenters from Ecofish Research Ltd., Asian International Rivers Center, and the National University of Laos discuss their findings and seek feedback on research results and recommendations for balancing river health and sustainable hydropower development in the Greater Mekong region.
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Risk assessment as a tool to improve water quality and the role of institutions of higher education
1. Risk assessment as a tool
to improve water quality
and
the role of institutions of higher education
Professor Joan B. Rose
rosejo@msu.edu
Homer Nowlin Chair
Center for Water Sciences
Kyana Young1, Joan B. Rose1, John Fawell2, Rosina
Girones Llop3, Hung Nguyen-Viet4 and Maureen Taylor5
1Michigan State University
2Cranfield University
3University of Barcelona
4Hanoi School of Public Health & International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
5University of Pretoria
2015-UN ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ZARAGOZA CONFERENCE
15-17 JANUARY 2015, ZARAGOZA, SPAIN
2. Session Discussion Questions
• How is water quality and health fairing globally in the era of the
Anthropocene?
• How can the risk analysis framework integrate science and policy
and promote the translation of science into action?
• What key technology can be used for water diagnostics to improve
resolution of the evidence for decision making?
• What does the 21st century water curriculum for future water
scientists and engineers look like?
• What role of the academic institution in building capacity in all
disciplines needed to undertake effective risk analysis?.
• Stakeholders’ roles: What are the views of academia about the roles
of other stakeholders (Governments, business, civil society, and
media) in Risk Assessment?
3. The United Nations Rio+20 Summit
in 2012 Began the Conversation on
the New Global Sustainable
Development Goals
“Protection of Earth’s Life Support System
including the atmosphere, oceans, forests,
waterways, biodiversity and biogeochemical
cycles is a prerequisite for a thriving global
society” Griggs, Nature, Mar, 2013, vol 495 p303
4. Water is at the core of the
global goals for
ONE HEALTH
5. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
For the Blue Planet
WATER =LIFE
QUALITY=HEALTH
QUANTITY IS WELL STUDIED
& PRESENTED
QUALITY IS MORE COMPLEX
6. Population growth
GLOBAL TRENDS
IN THE ERA OF THE
ANTHROPOCENE
• HOW IS WATER QUALITY
CHANGING?
• WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF
THE CONTAMINANTS?
• WHAT ARE THE RISKS TO
HUMAN HEALTH?
• HOW DOES ECOSYSTEM
HEALTH RELATE TO HUMAN
HEALTH?
• HOW DO WE RESTORE AND
PROTECT WATER SYSTEMS?
• Urbanization
• Population Growth
• Regional Growth
• Travel and Tourism
• Global Corporate
Growth
• Global Food Market
• Water Recycling,
Reuse
9. 19601970 1980 1990 2000 2010
YEAR
19601970 1980 1990 2000 2010
YEAR
Chickens Bovine
Eggs
Pigs
Milk
Sheep and
Goats
Data from
FAO
(2010).
10. 0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
1950-70 1970-80 1980-90
Figure I. Cultivated areas of the world. Brown
regions indicate areas in which at least 30% of
the landscape is cultivated. Reproduced from
the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005
(http://www.MAweb.org), UNEP.
LOSS OF WETLANDS
KM2
From 1950s to 1990s in
the US.
Verhoeven et al. TRENDS in Ecology
and Evolution Vol.21 No.2
February 2006
12. Fecal contamination of water
Remains one of the largest threats to
the biological safety of water today.
13. World Sanitation
Household Connections Percent
0 - 33
34 - 67
68 - 100
Unknown
World Sanitation
Household Connections Percent
0 - 33
34 - 67
68 - 100
Unknown
44% of the World’s global population (7 billion people) lives
within 150 km (93 miles) of the coastline (that is 3 billion
people who flush or dispose daily and send fecal pollution
into the environment and eventually into waterways). The
world's rivers (ten of the longest rivers = 55,734 km or 34,629
miles) are so badly affected by human activity that the water
security of 5 billion people are impacted.
14. How do we solve the
water pollution problems,
protect water quality and
biohealth of the planet?
ASSESSMENT
TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
IMPROVED KNOWLEDGE
& DECISION MAKING
15. WE NEED TO
BUILD WATER QUALITY PROGRAMS WITHIN WATER SAFETY
PLANS AND QMRA FRAMEWORKS.
INVEST IN WATER QUALITY DIAGNOSTICS AND INVESTIGATIVE
MONITORING TO ACHIEVE THE BEST RETURN ON WATER
IMPROVEMENTS.
TRAIN ANALYSTS TO TEST FOR PATHOGENS IN WATER SOURCES
USING A MULTIDISCIPLINARY HOLISTIC APPROACH WITHIN NEW
WATER SCIENCE CURRICULA.
16. Hazard ID
Dose Response Exposure
Characterization
Management
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF
SCIENCES RISK
ASSESSMENT PARADIGM
SCIENCE AND DECISIONS: Advancing
Risk Assessment, (2009)
Committee on Improving Risk Analysis
Approaches Used by the EPA
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE
NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS, DC.
www.nap.edu
18. Capacity development in health risk assessment
and Water Safety Plan implementation in
Vietnam
Hung Nguyen-Viet
2015-UN ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ZARAGOZA CONFERENCE
15-17 JANUARY 2015, ZARAGOZA, SPAIN
19. Regulations on
WSP (for urban
and rural areas)
MoC,
MARD
MoH, 63
PMCs
,
Auditing
agency
Drinking Water Law -
safe water supply as
mandatory
Gov.Office, PM,
WSP implementation in daily practice
Phase 3 (2012-2016) 2017 – 2020
Roadmap: Reduce water-borne disease burden
through implementation of WSP in Viet Nam
Donors
s
Private
sector
National
Programme on
WSP
MoC co-
ordinating , MoH,
MARD, MoNRE,
MoST, PPCs
MoC, MARD,
MoH, MoNRE,
MoST
2021 – 2030
Water Business
(urban and rural
suppliers)
Setting
water tariff
Drinking
Water
Inspectorate
MoF, PPC
MoNRE, PPCs
Regulatory entity:
inspection, auditing,
licence and
accreditation,
reporting
Raw water
quality, water
source
protection,
abstraction
licence
Training and
consulting
centres
MoH, 63
PMCs
Investment plan
68 urban
water
suppliers, a
part of rural
suppliers
Ministry of
Sustainable
Development
Review and
approve 5-
year business
development
plan (former
MoC and
MARD)
Bo Xay
Dung
Water Safety Plan roadmap in
Vietnam
20. Bridging the gaps
Science – Policy – Practitioner
• Address the gaps between academia, the
government and water companies in risk
framework and WSP implementation
• Need more interaction between these 3
sectors for improving capacity of WSP
stakeholders and scale up WSP and
health risk assessment related to water.
21. Improving Vietnam’s drinking water:
success of Water Safety Plan implementation by
TRAN THI MINH TAM
From an institutional impact, communication
and collaboration among WSP team
members, stakeholders and customers has
been improved.
Operational impact benefits: improved the
system infrastructure according to
improvement plan such as advanced and
expanded laboratory, building new water
treatment plants.
Thus social and economic development of
the province is being promoted by improving
public health condition.
22. Improving Vietnam’s drinking water:
success of Water Safety Plan implementation by
TRAN THI MINH TAM
Challenges remain:
Water source protection is a challenge which
requires cooperation between multiple stakeholders,
especially with WSP team members. Catchments
and raw water sources are still not controlled.
Public confidence in drinking tap water directly is still
not high. The custom of boiling water has been
popular for long time and it is not easy to change
customs, so one challenge for HueWACO is how to
communicate the programme for safe drinking water
more effectively.
23. The Need to Invest in Water
Quality Monitoring to Achieve
the Best Return On Water
Improvements.
Prof John Fawell,
Cranfield University, UK
2015-UN ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ZARAGOZA CONFERENCE
15-17 JANUARY 2015, ZARAGOZA, SPAIN
24. Importance of Monitoring
• The post 2015 Millenium Development Goals
recognise the importance of quality.
• Improved supplies may still be capable of
delivering unsafe water. Bain et al (2014) estimate
that in a number of key countries those with safe
water are 10-20% lower than recorded by access
to improved water supplies.
• the WHO/UNICEF JMP Task Force on Monitoring
Drinking-water Quality recommends monitoring of
microbial contamination and selected chemicals.
25. What is Monitoring
• It can take a number of forms.
• The first and probably the most useful for chemical
contaminants is investigative monitoring to understand what
important contaminants might be present in a water supply or
proposed water supply prior to improvement.
• For microbiological contaminants investigative monitoring is a
useful first step in characterising the quality of a source but
continued monitoring is also important for assessing changes
in that source over time and whether contamination is
occurring after collection of the water, needing household
treatment. All are linked to knowledge of geology and data
from sanitary surveys.
• Operational monitoring is a means of checking that the
system is working properly and is usually not laboratory based
and is carried out locally using test kits or systems for
parameters such as chlorine and turbidity.
26. Analytical Capacity
• Without the capacity to carry out both investigative and
check monitoring the need cannot be addressed.
• Capacity development requires investment in training
and equipment. As a minimum there is a need for at
least one central laboratory in a country that provides
the basis for ensuring that the quality of microbial and
chemical analysis is adequate.
• This requires facilities and training for technical staff
who can carry out microbiological testing in the
laboratory and the field and analysts who can carry out
analysis for key chemical contaminants such as
arsenic, fluoride and other contaminants as
appropriate.
27. Training of Others
• There is also a need to make the capacity
self sustaining. Staff who are being trained
in technical expertise also need to be
trained to train others and to establish a
solid base for quality assurance that the
data generated are accurate.
28. Why is this necessary?
• Water Safety Plans and QMRA are the basis
of WHO’s Framework for Safe Water.
• Without knowing the hazards it is difficult to
make provisions for ensuring safe water.
• There is a need to be able to verify that
interventions are working properly.
• Increasing the capacity for analysis can be a
key role for academia but investigative and
other monitoring needs to be targeted to
achieve the necessary result.
29. Links to Research
• There are also requirements for
developing equipment and techniques to
support monitoring in the field, e.g.
measuring microbial indicators, measuring
turbidity below 1 NTU, field measures for
chemicals that are cheap but robust and
effective.
30. Case Study
• Bangladesh tube wells contaminated with
arsenic. Significant costs in terms of
human health and the need for
remediation could have been avoided by
appropriate investigative monitoring.
• Achieving the post 2015 goals is
not possible without monitoring
capability.
31. Hundreds of different viral pathogens found
in sewage.
Excreted in high numbers
Persistent & Resistant
High potency
Cause chronic diseases
THE DISEASES: diarrhea, respiratory illness, liver damage,
kidney failure, heart disease, cancer, nervous system disorders;
birth defects, death.
THE HAZARD
32. Laboratory of virus
contaminants of
water and food
Case study: Management and use of Water
and Water Resources in the European Union
Rosina Girones
2015-UN ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ZARAGOZA CONFERENCE
15-17 JANUARY 2015, ZARAGOZA, SPAIN
33. Water resources management . Integrated water resources management.
Watershed management of wastewater. Move toward improving treatment
for virus control. Water reuse needed under climate change.
Water quality. Improving technologies for water quality control. Inadequate
sewage treatment. Pathogens in water. Impacting ecosystem services (drinking
water, recreational water, food security, economic development).
Risks. Quantification of exposure levels. Illnesses.
Issues addressed:
Risk Assessment as a tool to improve water quality: Using Advanced
Technology
34. Floculation
50mL sewage
or 10L river
5 ml qPCR detection
and quantification
2x10 ml
100 ml of the original
sample
Extraction
140 ml
2x140 μl
(HAdV)
(JCPyV)
(Viral
pathogens)
(PAdV)
(BPyV)
(OPyV)
(Ch/TyPV)
Analysis of VIRAL Pathogens and MST tools
35. MST 5 case studies:
MA03
MA0
2
MA01
MA04
MA05
Rio
Negro Rio
Amazonas
Rio
Solimões
Flow: 28.000
m3/s
Basin: 691.000
Km2
Lenght: 2250Km
LL02
LL01
LL03
CR1
Flow: 16,9 m3/s
Basin: 4984Km2
Length 170 Km
Flow:: 792 m3/s
Basin: 156,087 Km2
Length:: 965 km
TI03
TI04
TI06
TI05
TI01
TI02
UM03
UM02
UM01
Flow: 450 m3/s
Basin: 26,814.8 Km2
Length: 470 km
PA03
PA02
PA08
PA04
PA01
PA07
Flow: 1m3/s
Basin: 24 Km2
Length: 98km
Rio Negro (Brasil)
Riu Llobregat (Catalonia)
Umeälven (Sweden)
Ποταμός Γλαύκος (Greece)
Tisza (Hungary)
38. FIGURE 1, Sampling sites location in the Llobregat river catchment (Catalonia, Spain). Site A:
upstream river water; Site B: downstream river water; Site C: raw sewage (C1), secondary (C2) and
terciary (C3) effluents from a WWTP; Site D: seawater.
N
<50
Inhabitants/Km2
50-150
>2000
150-1000
1000-2000
A
B
C
D
Mean Mediterranean
seawater current
direction
40. Specific pending issues:
Analysis of risk associated with the contamination by viral pathogens,
need more data on viral concentrations and stability
Wastewater management will be the key to prevent environmental
dispersion of human fecal pathogens
Acceptable water quality levels may be guaranteed only if wastewater
containment and treatment are improved
Application of viral MST tools for the identification of the main sources of
contamination in water
Risk Assessment as a tool to improve water quality: Using
Advanced Technology
42. Water Quality Data
E. coli levels
Risk Estimation
Dose-response
Exposure
estimation
Sewage and
Fecal Loading
Environmental
Survival
Transport : Runoff -
Surface Water/ Ground
Water Concentrations
Hazard
identification
Source Tracking
Pathogen testing
Prevention
&
DRINKING
WATER
TREATMENT
Strategies
WATER QUALITY FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, RECREATION AND SAFETY AT THE TAP
43.
44. 44
ADVANCING THE WATER SCIENCE
CURRICULUM AND BUILDING CAPACITY
TOWARD PATHOGEN TESTING IN AFRICA
MAUREEN B TAYLOR
RAND WATER CHAIR IN PUBLIC HEALTH
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
2015-UN ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ZARAGOZA CONFERENCE
15-17 JANUARY 2015, ZARAGOZA, SPAIN
45. INTRODUCTION
2010: UN General Assembly
- access to sufficient, continuous, safe, acceptable, readily available and
affordable water is a basic human right
2010: MDG 7C achieved
- halve the proportion of the world’s population without sustainable
access to safe water
2012
- 89% world’s population had access to improved drinking-water
- Sub-Saharan Africa not on track: since 2000 only 25% region’s
population have access to improved drinking-water
46. Success stories of medicine
Most
effective
Most
cost
effective
Acknowledgement: Dr K Richter
WATER AND HEALTH
47. ADVANCING WATER SCIENCE
Water quality and water-related disease
- complex and diverse topic
- capacity building essential
* evidence-based policy and intervention strategies
Multidisciplinary holistic approach
- understand the needs to the community/country
- build institutional and national capacity
- develop infrastructure that is locally meaningful
- sustainable programme
Challenges
- financial constraints
- different educational backgrounds and communication skills
- academic isolation/lack of critical mass
48. ADVANCING WATER SCIENCE
Curriculum development
- core subjects
* flexible
- technical skills
* hands-on-learning
- water-related education
* water and water resource management
* economic sustainability
- continuing professional development
* new technology
* self improvement
49. ADVANCING WATER SCIENCE
Case studies
- intercountry partnerships
* agreements between Research Councils,
e.g. South African National Research Foundation/Kenya Research
Cooperation programme
- private/public partnerships
* water utilities & tertiary institutions
e.g. Rand Water / University of Pretoria & Tshwane University of
Technology
50. Capacity development in risk
assessment
• Developing, organizing and teaching short
courses related to water, sanitation and food
safety
– Curriculum Development: Risk assessment related to
water, sanitation and food in Vietnam
– Manual for microbial risk assessment for food safety
(VFA – WHO)
– Microbial risk analysis in food safety in Vietnam (WHO)
– Risk analysis for One Health
– Risk assessment for food safety in informal market (RGU
and ILRI)
• Research on health risk assessment
– As contaminated water
– Food contamination: Salmonella, antibiotic residues
– Waste water reuse and health risk
51. Recommendations
• Assess global water quality and health using
QMRA framework for wastewater treatment.
Develop QMRA frameworks for high rain/flood
events.
• Use the risk analysis framework integrate
science and management/policy and promote
the translation of science into action around
sewage sources.
• Use advanced technology for water diagnostics
to improve resolution of the evidence for
decision making, including MST tools for the
identification of the source of contamination.
52. Recommendations
• Develop the 21st century water curriculum
for future water scientists, technicians and
engineers.
• Establish regional Centres of Excellence
• Improve wastewater management and the
recycle/reuse to address future drought
and safe water availability. Obtain 2 to 3
log removal of viruses as a goal for
treatment. Address high flow events. This
will protect and restore water-related
ecosystems.
55. www.ub.edu/microbiologia_virology
Anna Carratalà
Ayalkibet Hundesa
Marta Rusiñol
Laura Guerrero
Natalia Timoneda
Xavier Fernandez Cassi
Eloy Gonzales Gustavson
Sílvia Bofill
Natalia Figuerola
Rosina Girones
Aberystwyth University
David Kay
Peter Wyn-Jones
The team of Viroclime:
Apostolos Vantarakis
Annika Allard
Marize Pereira Miagostovich
Marta Vagha
57. Discussion Questions
• What implementation challenges are addressed by the different
technologies and approaches?
• What are the examples on Governance tool/s to be used to
contribute to the effective implementation for each of the different
targets of the water related SDGs?
• What are some of the obstacles you have diagnosed when
implementing the different Governance tools presented in the
conference for the different themes? What are the solutions have
been identified to overcome them?
• What are the conditions for success to replicate and effectively
implement those Governance tools in a different context
(geographical, hydrological, institutional, etc.)?
• What is the role of Academia in overcoming the obstacles and
implementing the tools? And scaling-up and/or trickling down good
practices to foster better implementation in support of the water
related-SDGs?