The document summarizes the widespread epidemics and population decline among Native Americans following European contact and conquest. Smallpox, measles, and influenza brought by the Spanish devastated communities with populations dropping by over 90% in some areas, such as Hispaniola, due to lack of immunity. It also outlines the Columbian Exchange that resulted from global interactions between Europe, Africa and the Americas, involving crops, livestock, diseases and more. New goods transformed societies while the emerging slave trade had immense human costs as it forcibly transported over 11 million Africans to the Americas over centuries.

1. Module 2 Lesson 4

2. Widespread Epidemics
Epidemics
 The Spanish brought small
pox, measles, and influenza
 Conquistadors purposely gave
infected blankets as gifts as a
way to kill off the Native
Americans—biological warfare
Native American died in mass
number due to little immunity
Population of Indians in
Hispaniola
*1492—250,000
*1512—60,000 remained
*1562—500 left

3. THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
Global exchange of people, plants, animals ideas
and technology between Europe and the Americas
From Americas to Europe—corn, potato, beans,
pineapple, cocoa, tobacco, peanuts, and
tomatoes
From Europe to the Americas—wheat, sugar,
bananas, horses, pigs, cattle, chicken, sheep,
small pox, typhus, and measles.

4. Exchange of Goods

5. IMPACT OF NEW
PRODUCTS
The goods brought to
the America s and to
Europe changed the
course of history.
The potato
revolutionized
Europe by providing
a reliable, starchy
food. It increased the
population of
Europe.

6. THE TRIANGLE
TRADE
 Europe shipped cotton
goods, weapons, and
liquor to Africa
 African slaves were
shipped to Americas
 Plantation products of
tobacco, cotton, and
sugar shipped to Europe

7. THE SLAVE TRADE
Middle Passage
 slave voyage from Africa
to the Americas
 millions died on the
journey
Effects of the Slave Trade
 ended in the 1800s
 11 million Africans were
sent to the Americas
 undermined the
political structure in
Africa

8. AFRICAN SLAVE
SHIP
Humans were packed
like sardines trying to
fit as many people in
as possible. Slaves
were kept in the
bottom of the ship,
chained to one
another over the long
journey.

9. The Brutality of Slavery
"The voyage, the horrors of which are beyond
description. For example, the mode of packing.
The hold of a slave vessel is from two to four feet
high. It is filled with as many human beings as it
will contain. They are made to sit down with
their heads between their knees: first, a line is
placed close to the side of the vessel; then
another line, and then the packer, armed with a
heavy club, strikes at the feet of this last line in
order to make them press as closely as possible
against those behind... Thus it is suffocating for
want of air, starving for want of food, parched
with thirst for want of water, these poor
creatures are compelled to perform a voyage of
fourteen hundred miles. No wonder the
mortality is dreadful!"

10. EXPLORATION
A TURNING POINT IN HISTORY
Mercantilism and Capitalism
European capitalism—investment of money to make a profit was becoming
more popular
Mercantilism—building up national wealth by exporting more goods than
the nation exports.
 a. based on the idea that the world had a fixed amount of wealth, in
order for a nation to gain more, it had to take from another nation.
 b. colonies served two purposes to the mother nation: 1. a place to take
raw materials from 2. forced colonies to but only their goods.
 England, France, Portugal and Spain gained massive amount of wealth.
This strengthened their regions and led to the development of modern
day nations. As Monarchies grew stronger in Europe, the power of the
Church continued to decline.

11. Resource Citations
 Slide 2: Christopher Columbus Poster: http://rnzmagazine.com/tag/native-american-
indians/
 Slide 4: Colombian Exchange Image:
http://www.vhinkle.com/modern/studyguide33.html
 Slide 5: Cartoon: http://cartoonstock.com/
 Slide 6: Triangle Trade:
http://www.historyonthenet.com/Slave_Trade/triangulartrade.htm
 Slide 7: Slave Trade Poster:
http://www.flickriver.com/photos/manchester_city_galleries/2367480323/
 Slide 8: African Slave ship: http://www.historywiz.com/africanslavery.htm
 Slide 9: The Brutality of Slavery
 excerpt: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASships.htm
 image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery