radio frequency tags to identify real objective

2. RFID TAG
A SEMINOR TOPIC ON:

3. RFID TAG

4. Overview
 What is RFID.
 How RFID Works.
 Current Applications.
 Future Applications.
 Examples.

5. What is RFID?
 The RFID stands for Radio Frequency
Identification.
 The use of radio frequency tags to identify
real objects.

6. Identification
 Assign IDs to objects.
 Link the ID to additional information about the
object.
 Link the ID to complementary info.
 Find similar objects.

7. Identification Examples
 Bar Codes
 License Plates
 Student ID
 Serial Numbers
 Car Keys
 Database Keys

8. How Does RFID Work?
 There are 3 Components.
 Transceiver – Tag Reader
 Transponder – RFID tag
 Antenna

9. RFID Hardware
Magnetic / Inductive Coupling
Transceiver
Tag Reader
antenna
RFID
Tag
IC or microprocessor
antenna

10. RFID Hardware
Propagation Coupling
Transceiver
Tag Reader
antenna
RFID
Tag
IC or microprocessor
antenna

11. Types of Tags
 Passive Tags
 No battery
 Low cost
 Active Tags
 On-board transceiver
 Battery – must be replaced
 Longer range
 High cost

12. Types of Tags
 Read Only
 factory programmed
 usually chipless
 Read / Write
 on-board memory
 can save data
 can change ID
 higher cost

13. Real Tags

14. Real Tags

15. Real Tags

16. Data Transfer
 Amplitude Modulation (AM)
 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
 Phase Shift Keying (PSK)

17. Frequency Shift Keying
 Fc/8/10
 0’s are the carrier divided by 8
 1’s are the carrier divided by 10
 Count clock cycles between changes in
frequency
 Slows the data rate
 Provides for a simple reader design
 Fair noise immunity

18. Phase Shift Keying
 One frequency
 Change the phase on the transition between a 0
to 1 or 1 to 0
 Faster data rate than FSK
 Noise immunity
 Slightly more difficult to build a reader than
FSK

19. Multiple Tags?
 What happens when multiple tags are in range
of the transceiver?
 All the tags will be excited at the same time.
 Makes it very difficult to distinguish between
the tags.

20. Collision Avoidance
 Similar to network collision avoidance
 Probabilistic
 Tags return at random times
 Deterministic
 Reader searches for specific tags

21. Frequency Ranges
 Low – 100-500 kHz
 short range, low data rate, cost, & power
 Intermediate – 10-16 MHz
 medium range and data rate
 High – 850-950 MHz & 2.4-5.8GHz
 large range, high cost, high data rate
 needs line of sight

22. Frequency Ranges
 8 total ranges around the world
 No standards … yet

23. Examples Of Current
Applications
 Livestock Tagging
 Wild Animal Tracking
 Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS)
 Automated Toll Collection
 Vehicle Anti-Theft

24. More Applications
 Passive / Secure Entry
 Airline Baggage Tracking
 Postal Package Tracking
 Time and Attendance

25. Security
 RFID used to grant entry to secure areas
 Tracks time and movement of people
 Dynamically change access codes
 Provide automated entry

26. Tracking Penguins
http://www.beitec.com/penguin.htm

27. Automated Toll Collection

28. Package Tracking
Picture courtesy Texas Instruments

29. Smart Grocery Store
 Several carts this
full in early evening
could seriously slow
down the checkout
process.

30. Smart Grocery Store
 Add an RFID tag to
all items in the
grocery.
 As the cart leaves
the store, it passes
through an RFID
transceiver
 The cart is rung up
in seconds.

31. RFID
Artist conception courtesy Motorola

32. Smart Fridge
 Recognizes what’s been put in it
 Recognizes when things are removed
 Creates automatic shopping lists
 Notifies you when things are past their
expiration

33. RFID’s Advantages
 Passive
 wireless
 Store data on a tag
 Can be hidden
 Work in harsh environments

34. RFID’s Disadvantages
 Lack of standards!
 Short range
 Cost

35. Open Discussion
 What identification systems exist that could be
enhanced with RFID?
 What new identification systems are only
feasible using RFID?

36. THANK YOU
RFID