Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology used for identification and tracking through radio waves, consisting of a tag with an integrated circuit and an antenna. The document describes the history of RFID, types (active and passive), its current applications in areas such as transportation, animal identification, and inventory management, as well as associated controversies regarding privacy and security. It also mentions the evolution of RFID technology, including miniaturization and the ongoing challenges related to global standards and public acceptance.

1. RADIO FREQUENCY
IDENTIFICATION (RFID)
CREATED BY :-
MD Tajammul Nawaz
MD Fahad Rizwan
Faisal Feroz Khan

2. RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION
 RFID is the use of an object applied to or
incorporated into a product, animal, or person for
the purpose of identification and tracking using
radio waves .
 Some tags can be read from several meters away
and beyond the line of sight of the reader.
 Most RFID tags contain at least two parts. One is
an integrated circuit for storing and processing
information, modulating and demodulating a
radio-frequency (RF) signal, and other specialized
functions.
 The second is an antenna for receiving and
transmitting the signal.

3. HISTORY
 In 1946 Léon Theremin invented an espionage
tool for the Soviet Union which retransmitted
incident radio waves with audio information.
Sound waves vibrated a diaphragm which
slightly altered the shape of the resonator, which
modulated the reflected radio frequency.
 The technology used in RFID has been around
since the early 1920’s according to one
source .

4. TYPES OF RFID
 Active RFID
which contain a battery and thus can
transmit its signal autonomously.
 Passive RFID
which have no battery and require
an external source to initiate signal
transmission.
 Today, RFID is used in enterprise supply chain
management to improve the efficiency of
inventory tracking and management

5. MINIATURIZATION
 HITACHI hold the record for smallest RFID
at 150 x 150 x 7.5 microns -- manufacture
enabled by using the Silicon-on-Insulator
(SOI) process manufacturing.
 This "dust" sized chips can store 38-digit
numbers using 128-bit Read Only Memory
(ROM).
 A major challenge is the attachment of the
antennae.

6. CURRENT USES
 PASSPORTS
Countries that put RFID in passports
include Norway, Ireland (2006), Japan
(March 1, 2006),Germany, Portugal,
Poland, Hungary (2006), Spain (August
2006), The United Kingdom, Australia and
the United States (2007), Serbia (July 2008),
Republic of Korea (August 2008).
 The first RFID passports ("E-passport")
were issued by Malaysia in 1998.

7. CURRENT USES
TRANSPORTATION PAYMENTS
 An Electronic Road
Pricing gantry in
Singapore. Gantries
such as these collect
tolls in high-traffic
areas from active RFID
units in vehicles.
 RFID is being used for E
-Tolling in Motorways,
Pakistan, Implemented
by NADRA

8. CURRENT USES
 Animal identification
RFID has become crucial in animal
identification management. An implantable RFID
tag or transponder can also be used for animal
identification. The transponders are more well-known as
passive RFID technology, or "chips" on
animals. The Canadian Cattle Identification Agency began
using RFID.
 Inventory systems
An advanced automatic identification technology such
as the Auto-ID system based on the Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) technology has significant value for
inventory systems.

9. HUMAN IMPLANTS
 Hand with the planned
location of the RFID chip
 Just after the operation to
insert the RFID tag was
completed.
 An early experiment with
RFID implants was
conducted by British
professor of cybernetics
Kevin Warwick, who
implanted a chip in his arm
in 1998.
 In 2004, the Mexican
Attorney General's office
implanted 18 of its staff
members with the Verichip
to control access to a
secure data room .

10. LIBRARIES
 RFID tags used in libraries:
square book tag, round
CD/DVD tag and
rectangular VHS tag.
 The RFID tag can contain
identifying information,
such as a book's title or
material type, without
having to be pointed to a
separate database (but
this is rare in North
America).

11. REPLACING BARCODES
 RFID tags are often a replacement for UPC
or EAN barcodes, having a number of
important advantages over the older
barcode technology.
 They may not ever completely replace
barcodes, due in part to their higher cost
and the advantage of multiple data sources
on the same object.
 The storage of data associated with
tracking items will require many terabytes

12. PROBLEMS AND CONCERNS
 Global standardization
 Security concerns
 Passports

13. CONTROVERSIES
 Logo of the anti-RFID
campaign by German
privacy group FoeBuD
 Richard Stallman at
WSIS 2005 presenting
his RFID badge wrapped
with alumunium foil as a
way of protesting RFID
privacy issues.

14. CONTROVERSIES
PRIVACY
The use of RFID technology has engendered considerable
controversy and even product boycotts by consumer
privacy advocates.
HUMAN IMPLANTATION
The Baja Beach nightclub in Barcelona. This has provoked
concerns into privacy of individuals as they can potentially
be tracked wherever they go by an identifier unique to
them.
On July 22, 2006, Reuters reported that two hackers,
Newitz and Westhues, at a conference in New York City
showed that they could clone the RFID signal from a
human implanted RFID chip, showing that the chip is not
hack-proof as was previously told.

15. Thank You
/FaisalFerozKhan