Definition and Scope of Retailing;
Retailing Scenario – Global;
Retailing Scenario-India;
Prospects of Retailing in India;
Trends in Retailing;
Retailing formats;
Retail Strategies.
Characteristics of Retailing, Scope of Retailing, Functions of Retailing, History of Retailing In India, Trends in Retailing, Emerging Trends In Retail, Retailing Formats
Steps involved in developing a retail strategy,
Retailing management unit - 2 - IMBA- Osmania UniversityBalasri Kamarapu
Store planning;
Design and Layout;
Retail merchandising;
Supply Chain Management in Retailing, key areas of retail store planning , Steps involved in choosing a Retail Location, Three elements of a good design, Significance/Importance of Store layout, Types of store layout, Layout selection – Chief Considerations, The Rights of Merchandising, basic an in-store merchandising plan , Factors affecting retail merchandising, Process of merchandise planning, Merchandise Buying, Merchandise Performance, Supply Chain Management in Retailing, Supply Chain Integration, Vendor Managed Inventory(VMI), Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment(CPFR), Benefits of CPFR
Retail Operations and e-Tailing:
Store Operating parameter;
Using strategic resource model in Retailing;
Designing performance programme;
Online retailing, and
Online retail categories.
Standard Operating Procedures(SOP’s)
and
Checklists for Store Operations
Some important practical terminology
Impulse Products
Ticker (Used to count foot falls)
F&V Dump
FIFO
UDL (Uniform Distribution Load in shelves)
Ethylene generating Vs Ethylene sensitive F&V
Average Bill Value = Total Sales/No. of Bills
Private Labels
TI/TO Register (Transfer In/Transfer Out)
To find success, retail managers must continue to motivate their employees:
Motivators for online shopping
Advantages of online retailing
Disadvantages of online retailing
Strategic Retail Model
Retail Marketing and Advertising
Retail Marketing Strategies;
Strategic Positioning;
Retail marketing mix;
Customer relationship management;
Direct marketing;
Micro marketing in retailing, and
Advertising in retailing.
Retailing Management unit - 5 - IMBA Osmania universityBalasri Kamarapu
Retail Management Information System and Retail Research:
Retail Technology and Automations;
Retail Technology and CRM;
Human resources and Executive information systems;
Developing a research Methodology;
Retail audit
Retail Sore, Store management, Responsibilities of store manager, Store objectives, Store design, Principles of store design, Layout, Types of layout, Signage, Feature Areas
Retail Image refers to how a retailer is perceived by customers and others.To succeed, a retailer must communicate a distinctive, clear, and consistent image.
Retailing management unit - 2 - IMBA- Osmania UniversityBalasri Kamarapu
Store planning;
Design and Layout;
Retail merchandising;
Supply Chain Management in Retailing, key areas of retail store planning , Steps involved in choosing a Retail Location, Three elements of a good design, Significance/Importance of Store layout, Types of store layout, Layout selection – Chief Considerations, The Rights of Merchandising, basic an in-store merchandising plan , Factors affecting retail merchandising, Process of merchandise planning, Merchandise Buying, Merchandise Performance, Supply Chain Management in Retailing, Supply Chain Integration, Vendor Managed Inventory(VMI), Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment(CPFR), Benefits of CPFR
Retail Operations and e-Tailing:
Store Operating parameter;
Using strategic resource model in Retailing;
Designing performance programme;
Online retailing, and
Online retail categories.
Standard Operating Procedures(SOP’s)
and
Checklists for Store Operations
Some important practical terminology
Impulse Products
Ticker (Used to count foot falls)
F&V Dump
FIFO
UDL (Uniform Distribution Load in shelves)
Ethylene generating Vs Ethylene sensitive F&V
Average Bill Value = Total Sales/No. of Bills
Private Labels
TI/TO Register (Transfer In/Transfer Out)
To find success, retail managers must continue to motivate their employees:
Motivators for online shopping
Advantages of online retailing
Disadvantages of online retailing
Strategic Retail Model
Retail Marketing and Advertising
Retail Marketing Strategies;
Strategic Positioning;
Retail marketing mix;
Customer relationship management;
Direct marketing;
Micro marketing in retailing, and
Advertising in retailing.
Retailing Management unit - 5 - IMBA Osmania universityBalasri Kamarapu
Retail Management Information System and Retail Research:
Retail Technology and Automations;
Retail Technology and CRM;
Human resources and Executive information systems;
Developing a research Methodology;
Retail audit
Retail Sore, Store management, Responsibilities of store manager, Store objectives, Store design, Principles of store design, Layout, Types of layout, Signage, Feature Areas
Retail Image refers to how a retailer is perceived by customers and others.To succeed, a retailer must communicate a distinctive, clear, and consistent image.
Retail Business Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides SlideTeam
Retail Business Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides are designed to bring your attention to better retail management. The B2C PowerPoint complete deck is created with the purpose of delivering your ideas in an effective way. Broadly it covers slides like types of retail formats, key drivers of retail growth, retail global trends, role of information technology in retail, types of retail applications, understanding retail customers, future trends in multi-channel retailing, retail management and competition, classification target audience, retail sales by product category, pricing strategies, global market segmentation strategy and more. Showcase retail location analysis, human resource management, retail store organizational structure, information system and supply change management using this retail operation management analysis Presentation design. Furthermore you can also use this retails strategy PPT visual to present promotion and marketing communication, retail sales promotional mix elements, sales promotion in retail, customer loyalty programme options, merchandise management, merchandise buying decision process, ways to manage retail pricing, retail pricing strategy, inventory management control, retail management challenges, inventory management framework, inventory control sheet, retail management challenges, retail KPI metrics, etc. Download merchandise management PowerPoint templates to impress your audience.
Retail Management Notes, Basics of Retail Management, Classification of Retailers, Types of Retailers, Scope of Retailing, Functions of Retailers, Role of Retailers in Distribution Channel, Indian retailscape, organized and Unorganized Retailers,
Retail Store Locations - Retail Management'Nipun Jain'
About, how-to, processes, decision criteria, etc on picking a Retail Store Location.
Useful for students and professionals, with inclination towards Retail.
Retail marketing is comprised of the activities related to selling products directly to consumers through channels such as stores, malls, kiosks, vending machines or other fixed locations.
Retail Business Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides SlideTeam
Retail Business Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides are designed to bring your attention to better retail management. The B2C PowerPoint complete deck is created with the purpose of delivering your ideas in an effective way. Broadly it covers slides like types of retail formats, key drivers of retail growth, retail global trends, role of information technology in retail, types of retail applications, understanding retail customers, future trends in multi-channel retailing, retail management and competition, classification target audience, retail sales by product category, pricing strategies, global market segmentation strategy and more. Showcase retail location analysis, human resource management, retail store organizational structure, information system and supply change management using this retail operation management analysis Presentation design. Furthermore you can also use this retails strategy PPT visual to present promotion and marketing communication, retail sales promotional mix elements, sales promotion in retail, customer loyalty programme options, merchandise management, merchandise buying decision process, ways to manage retail pricing, retail pricing strategy, inventory management control, retail management challenges, inventory management framework, inventory control sheet, retail management challenges, retail KPI metrics, etc. Download merchandise management PowerPoint templates to impress your audience.
Retail Management Notes, Basics of Retail Management, Classification of Retailers, Types of Retailers, Scope of Retailing, Functions of Retailers, Role of Retailers in Distribution Channel, Indian retailscape, organized and Unorganized Retailers,
Retail Store Locations - Retail Management'Nipun Jain'
About, how-to, processes, decision criteria, etc on picking a Retail Store Location.
Useful for students and professionals, with inclination towards Retail.
Retail marketing is comprised of the activities related to selling products directly to consumers through channels such as stores, malls, kiosks, vending machines or other fixed locations.
RETAILING MANAGEMENT - Unit - 1 -OSMANIA UNIVERSITYBalasri Kamarapu
RETAILING MANAGEMENT - Unit - 1 -OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
INTRODUCTION TO RETAIL MANAGEMENT :
Retailing: Role, Relevance and Trends - Introduction to retailing - Types of Retailing, Characteristics of Retailing, Functions and activities of Retailing. Emergence and growth of Retailing in India, FDI in Indian Retailing.
Retail is the process of selling consumer goods or services to customers through multiple channels of distribution to earn a profit. Retailers satisfy demand identified through a supply chain.
Retailing in India is one of the pillars of its economy and accounts for about 10 percent of its GDP
Retail is the sale of goods to end users, not for resale, but for use and consumption by the purchaser.
It accounts for over 10 per cent of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and around 8 per cent of the employment. India is the world's fifth-largest global destination in the retail space.
New channel distributions unlock retail indiaeTailing India
New retail channels are neutralizing the traditional advantage that distribution offered and are providing opportunities for innovative brands to emerge.
Technology has changed how we shop and the way brands sell.
Chris Aubrey (Dyson) and Kevin Gill (StartJG) set out how to rethink the physical
store for this rapidly evolving ‘post-new’ retail landscape, and share six principles
that guide their approach to retail design.
Similar to Retailing management unit-1 - IMBA- Osmania University (20)
In November 1891, entrepreneurs Bob Walker Smith and Albert Eadie buy George Townsend & Co. of Hunt End, Redditch. Townsend’s is a well-respected needle manufacturer of almost 50 years standing which has recently begun manufacturing bicycles.
The duo win a contract to supply precision parts to the Royal Small Arms Factory of Enfield, Middlesex. To celebrate this prestigious order, they rename their undertaking the Enfield Manufacturing Company Ltd. and call their first Bob Walker Smith designed bicycle, the Enfield. The following year, their bicycles are renamed Royal Enfields and the trademark ‘Made Like A Gun’ is introduced.
Sales Organization
Need for Sales Organizations, their structures
Sales Manager’s functions and responsibilities
Planning for major customers and sales budget
Specific characteristics of a successful salesman
Functional Structure
Geographic Structure
Market-Based Structure
Product Sales Force Structure
Skills for Sales Managers
General sales skills
Recruitment skills
People skills
Training and mentoring skills
Communication skills
Forecasting skills
Financial, and general numeracy, skills
Public speaking skills
Leadership skills
Technology skills
Organizational skills
MARKET STRUCTURES AND PRICING
Concept of market structures
Perfect competition market and price determination
Monopoly and abnormal profits
Monopolistic Competition
Price Discrimination
Oligopoly-Features of oligopoly
Syndicating in oligopoly
Kinked demand curve
Price leadership and market positioning
Conditions for Company Equilibrium
To achieve Equilibrium, a Company must meet two conditions:
You need to make sure that the marginal revenue is equal to the marginal cost (MR = MC).
If MR> MC, the Company has an incentive to expand production and sell additional units.
If MR<MC, the Company needs to reduce production because additional units generate more costs than revenue.
Only when MR = MC does the Company achieve maximum profit.
Business Environment - Unit-5 - IMBA - Osmania UniversityBalasri Kamarapu
Business Environment - Unit-5 - IMBA - Osmania University
Unit-V
Economic Survey and Union Budget
Fiscal Policy and Present Tax Environment
Direct and Indirect Taxes
Concept of Value Added Tax
Current Year’s Economic Survey and Union Budget
Fiscal Policy and Present Tax Environment
Fiscal policy deals with the taxation and expenditure decisions of the government.
Some of the major instruments of fiscal policy are as follows: Budget, Taxation, Public Expenditure, public revenue, Public Debt, and Fiscal Deficit in the economy.
Fiscal policy means the use of taxation and public expenditure by the government for stabilization or growth of the economy.
According to Culbarston, “By fiscal policy we refer to Government actions affecting its receipts and expenditures which ordinarily as measured by the government’s receipts, its surplus or deficit.”
General objectives of Fiscal Policy are given below:
1. To maintain and achieve full employment.
2. To stabilize the price level.
3. To stabilize the growth rate of the economy.
4. To maintain equilibrium in the Balance of Payments.
5. To promote the economic development of underdeveloped countries.
Business Environment - Unit-4 - IMBA - Osmania UniversityBalasri Kamarapu
Business Environment - Unit-4 - IMBA - Osmania University
Liberalisation, Privatisation, and Globalisation (LPG) in Indian Economy:
Concept of LPG
Process of LPG followed in India
Globalization and role of WTO
Regional Trading Blocks
India’s Foreign Trade and Agreements with Trading Blocks.
Highlights of the LPG Policy
Foreign Technology Agreements
Foreign Investment
MRTP Act 1969 (Amended)
Industrial Licensing
Deregulation
Beginning of Privatisation
Opportunities for overseas trade
Steps to regulate inflation
Tax reforms
Abolition of License-Permit Raj
Advantages of Globalisation in India
Industrial Licensing
Deregulation
Beginning of Privatisation
Opportunities for overseas trade
Steps to regulate inflation
Tax reforms
Abolition of License-Permit Raj
Advantages of Globalisation in India
Types of Regional Trading Blocs
Trade blocs can be stand-alone agreements between several states (such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) or part of a regional organization (such as the European Union).
Depending on the level of economic integration, the trade blocs can fall into the 6 different categories, such as preferential trading areas, the free trade areas, the customs unions, the common markets, the economic union and monetary unions & the political union.
Preferential Trade Area: Preferential Trade Areas (PTAs) exist when countries within a geographical region agree to reduce or eliminate tariff barriers on selected goods imported from other members of the area. This is often the first small step towards the creation of a trading bloc.
Business Economics - Unit-4 - Osmania UniversityBalasri Kamarapu
Business Economics - Unit-4 - Osmania University
Cost concepts
Cost classification
CVP Analysis
Short run cost curves and long run cost curves
Experience curve
Economies and diseconomies to the scale
Economies of scope
Business Economics - Unit-4 - Osmania University
Cost concepts
Cost classification
CVP Analysis
Short run cost curves and long run cost curves
Experience curve
Economies and diseconomies to the scale
Economies of scope
Business Economics - Unit-4 - Osmania University
Cost concepts
Cost classification
CVP Analysis
Short run cost curves and long run cost curves
Experience curve
Economies and diseconomies to the scale
Economies of scope
Business Economics - Unit-4 - Osmania University
Cost concepts
Cost classification
CVP Analysis
Short run cost curves and long run cost curves
Experience curve
Economies and diseconomies to the scale
Economies of scope
Business Economics - Unit-4 - Osmania University
Cost concepts
Cost classification
CVP Analysis
Short run cost curves and long run cost curves
Experience curve
Economies and diseconomies to the scale
Economies of scope
Business Economics - Unit-4 - Osmania University
Cost concepts
Cost classification
CVP Analysis
Short run cost curves and long run cost curves
Experience curve
Economies and diseconomies to the scale
Economies of scope
Business Economics - Unit-4 - Osmania University
Cost concepts
Cost classification
CVP Analysis
Short run cost curves and long run cost curves
Experience curve
Economies and diseconomies to the scale
Economies of scope
Business Economics - Unit-4 - Osmania University
Cost concepts
Cost classification
CVP Analysis
Short run cost curves and long run cost curves
Experience curve
Economies and diseconomies to the scale
Economies of scope
Business Economics - Unit-4 - Osmania University
Cost concepts
Cost classification
CVP Analysis
Short run cost curves and long run cost curves
Experience curve
Economies and diseconomies to the scale
Economies of scope
Business Economics - Unit-4 - Osmania University
Cost concepts
Cost classification
CVP Analysis
Short run cost curves and long run cost curves
Experience curve
Economies and diseconomies to the scale
Economies of scope
Business Environment - Unit-3 - IMBA - Osmania UniversityBalasri Kamarapu
Business Environment - Unit-3 - IMBA - Osmania University
Unit-III: Economic Policies of India
Industrial Environment and Policy
Role of SSUs, and MNCs
Policy of Public Sector and its role in the economy
Competition Law
Policies on Foreign Investment and Trade (EXIM).
Unit-II: Indian Financial Systems
Evolution and Structure of Indian Financial System.
Elements of Indian Financial System— Markets, Institutions, and Environment.
Money Market and the role of banking, Non-banking and Unorganized Sector.
Regulatory function of RBI with special reference to Money market.
Components of Capital Market—Primary, Secondary, Debt and Equity Market.
Problems and Prospects of Indian Capital Market.
Business Environment - Unit-1 - IMBA (Osmania University)Balasri Kamarapu
Unit -I: Business Environment and Analysis:
Nature, Composition and Scope of Business Environment.
Business Environment and its impact on different kinds of business decisions.
Economic growth and Economic Development. Analysis of India’s National Income.
Recent trend in the growth of National Income and its important components: Saving, Investment, Industry, Agriculture and Tertiary Sectors. Micro Environment Factors
Macro Environment Factors
Indicators of economic growth
GDP
GNI
Per capita income
Business Economics - Unit-3 IMBA Syllabus Osmania UniversityBalasri Kamarapu
PRODUCTION AND COST CONCEPTS
Theory of production
Production function
Input output combination
Short run production laws
Law of diminishing marginal returns to scale
ISO-quant curves
ISO-cost curves
Business Economics - Unit-2 for IMBA, Osmania UniversityBalasri Kamarapu
DEMAND CONCEPTS & ELASTICITY OF DEMAND :
Concept of Demand
Determinants of Demand
Law of Demand
Exception to the law of demand
Elasticity of Demand
Types of demand elasticity
Uses of demand elasticity
Concept of Supply
Determinants of Supply
Law of Supply
Elasticity of Supply
Business Economics unit-1 Osmania University IMBA Balasri Kamarapu
Introduction to Business Economics-Characteristics-Nature and scope, concept of opportunities Cost- Incremental Cost- Time perspective-Discounting and Equi-Marginal Principle, Features of Business Economics
CRM and Marketing Strategy
CRM Marketing initiatives
Sales Force Automation
Campaign Management, Call Centers
Practice of CRM: CRM in Consumer Markets
CRM in Services Sector, CRM in Mass Markets
CRM in Manufacturing Sector
Customer Relationship Management Unit-4 IMBA Osmania University
Planning for CRM
Steps in Planning
Building Customer Centricity
Setting CRM Objectives
Defining Data Requirements, Planning Desired Outputs
Relevant issues while planning the Outputs
Elements of CRM plan
CRM Strategy: The Strategy Development Process
Customer Strategy Grid
Customer Relationship Management Unit-3 IMBA Osmania University
EVOLUTION OF CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP
CRM-Definition, emergence of CRM practice, factors responsible for CRM growth, CRM Process, framework of CRM, Benefits of CRM, Types of CRM, Scope of CRM, Customer Profitability, Future Trends in CRM, CRM and Cost-Benefit Analysis, CRM and Relationship Marketing, Customer Relationship Management Unit-1 IMBA Osmania University
Product and brand management unit-2
Product Market Evolution: Strategy and Planning. New Product Development: Innovation and New Product Development (NPD), Theories of NPD, Models of NPD, Generic Product Development process.
New Product Introduction, Growth Strategies Intensive, Interactive, Diversification Strategies. Product Portfolio analysis BCG, GE, Ad little. Shell International, Risk-Return analysis.
*************************************
The General Electric/McKinsey matrix
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Business Law unit-3 - sale of goods act 1930 and Consumer Protection Act 1986Balasri Kamarapu
Business Law unit-3 - sale of goods act 1930 and Consumer Protection Act 1986.
SALE OF GOODS ACT 1930
Contract of Sale: Essentials of Valid Sale - Sale and Agreement to Sell – Definition and Types of Goods - Conditions and Warranties - Caveat Emptor - Exceptions - Transfer or Passing of Property: Time When Property Passes, Rules of Transfer of Property, Transfer of Ownership - Sale by Non-Owners and its Exceptions - Unpaid Seller - Rights of Unpaid Seller.
Consumer Protection Act 1986: Definitions of Consumer – Person – Goods - Service –Consumer Dispute - Unfair Trade Practice - Restrictive Trade Practice – Defect - Deficiency – Consumer Protection Councils - Consumer Dispute Redressal Agencies - District Forum – State Commission and National Commission - Procedure to Lodge a Complaint for Redressal – Appeals.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. BBA/MBA 5 year Integrated Course III Year - V Semester
Paper – 5.1: Retailing Management
Unit – I: Introduction:
Definition and Scope of Retailing; Retailing Scenario – Global; Retailing Scenario-
India; Prospects of Retailing in India’s; Trends in Retailing; Retailing formats; Retail
Strategies.
Unit – II: Store Planning:
Store planning; Design and Layout; Retail merchandising; Supply Chain Management
in Retailing.
Unit – III: Retail Marketing and Advertising:
Retail Marketing Strategies; strategic Positioning; retail marketing mix; customer
relationship management; direct marketing; micro marketing in retailing, and adverting
in retailing.
Unit – IV: Retail Operations and e-Tailing:
Store Operating parameter; using strategic resource model in Retailing; Designing
performance programme; online retailing, and online retail categories.
Unit – V: Retail Management Information System and Retail Research:
Retail Technology and Automations; Retail Technology and CRM; Human resources
and Executive information systems; Developing a research Methodology; Retail audit.
References:
1. Cullen & Newman, 2007, “Retailing, environment and operations”, Thomson. 2. Levy & Weitz, 2005, Retailing, TMH.
3. Unit – I: Introduction
Definition and Scope of Retailing;
Retailing Scenario – Global;
Retailing Scenario-India;
Prospects of Retailing in India;
Trends in Retailing;
Retailing formats;
Retail Strategies.
4. RETAILING:
Retailing is defined as a set of activities or steps used to sell a product
or a service to consumers for their personal or family use.
It also includes the sale of services such as those offered at a
restaurant, parlor, or by car rental agencies.
Retailing process involves buying in bulk quantities and selling in
small quantities.
5. Distribution Channel (Channel members, or marketing
intermediaries):
Example: Chocolate producer like Cadbury’s will use a number of
distribution channels for its confectionery, which involve members such
as agents, wholesalers, supermarkets, convenience stores, petrol stations,
vending machine operators and so on.
6. Characteristics of Retailing
1. It offers direct interaction with the customers
2. Small quantity makes large quantity
3. Customer service
4. Point of sales promotion
5. Different forms
6. Location and Layout being Important
7. Big Employment Provider
7. Scope of Retailing
1. Merchandising
2. Marketing
3. Store Operations
4. Sales
5. Human Resources Management
6. Accounting and Finance
7. Technology and E-Commerce
8. Supply of Information
9. Visual Merchandising
10. Supply Chain Management and Logistics
8. Functions of Retailing:
1) Delivery of the goods to the end consumer
2) Is an essential part of the distribution chain
3) Finances the wholesaler
4) Stores the goods according to market requirement
5) Lends a hand in manufacturer’s marketing initiative
6) Assumes storage/Warehousing of Products for sale at appropriate time.
9. 7) Extends credit facilities to the consumers and assumes credit risk
8) Offers wide variety of customers and enticing price range in
a product line
9) Provides convenience in shopping
10) Offers after sale services, differentiated packaging, giving more
information about the use of the product
11) Hears the voice of the market
12) Generating employment for masses
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15. History of Retailing In India
In 2012, the country finally opened up the competition for Indian
retailers by allowing 100 percent brand ownership in single brand
retail (51 percent in multi brand retail).
Growth of retail sector
The size of Indian retail has tripled over the last ten years to $1.1
trillion (from $354 billion in 2010).
Since the relaxing of FDI norms, organized Brick and Mortar retailing
has been growing at more than 20 percent Y-o-Y. Contribution of
organized B & M retailing in the overall retail sector has also shot up
to 12 percent from 4 percent in 2009.
However, this is still very less compared to developed economies,
where the overall organized retailing is more than 80 percent.
16.
17. India has now become a hotcake of retailing destination for local and
foreign brands.
A $21 billion retailing opportunity around transit touch points, i.e.
airports, stations, bus-stops, etc., is to be realized in the next 10 years.
The country is set to receive 65 million sq. ft of retail space in the next
three years.
Modern retail story in India is getting written down in Tier-I cities
where consumers are going out in the market not just for the necessity
to dine and shop, but for the experience of it.
The sector is expected to grow at a rate between 20 percent to 25
percent in the years to come, and there is a need for innovative
solutions to maintain the pace.
18.
19. India has 5th largest Retail market in the world.
Even though modern trade is growing at 15 to 20% per
annum, it has a low organized retail penetration of just 8%.
On 7 December 2012, the Federal Government of India
allowed 51% FDI in multi-brand retail in India.
A number of merger and acquisitions have begun in Indian
retail market. PWC estimates the multi-brand retail market
to grow to $220 billion by 2020.
The Government has approved 51% FDI in multi-brand
retail and 100% FDI in single-brand retail under the
automatic route, which is expected to give a boost to Ease
of Doing Business and Make in India schemes.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28. The first Indian malls started springing up in the
1990s, and from then on began more or less taking
over the retail landscape.
With the liberalization and privatization of the
economy, big international brands made their way to
India and the paradigm shift that followed naturally
led to the emergence of shopping malls.
Today’s top-performing shopping malls are mixed-
use affairs with social entertainment possibilities that
provide unique appeal along with a certain depth in
shopping experience.
29.
30. Some of the most innovative existing mall developments
have integrated public transit facilities, an aspirational mix
of global and domestic brands and local stores as well as
multi-purpose spaces.
Today’s consumers are seeking a shopping experience that
makes them comfortable, inspires them to stay longer and,
more essentially, persuades them to return.
With growing competition from online retailing, F&B and
entertainment are their main allies in achieving this.
31. Malls that have given due thought are outnumbering other
developments in terms of repeat footfalls, and this clearly
indicates that customers value an experience that transcends
mainline shopping and also addresses their social needs.
In order to connect with the customers, malls have become
‘places’ that provide customers with numerous avenues of
relaxation and entertainment apart from letting people shop.
Retail is a constantly evolving business. The retail
experience of the future is a constantly adaptive process
which is squarely focused on changing consumer
aspirations.
32. The process of change involves everyone from retail centre
developer to consumers, from brands to facilities services
providers, from the smallest neighbourhood high street to the
most impressive shopping mall.
It is an ever-changing and constantly evolving race to stay
current on new trends and deliver a new, customized and
refreshing experience to people.
Those who succeed in doing this will flourish, and those who
refuse to or cannot adapt will perish.
33. Trends in Retailing:
Trends in retailing in India are as follows:
1. Shift from Unorganized to Organized Retailing
2. Store Design
3. Competition
4. New Form of Retailing
5. Technology
6. Consumer Buying Behaviour
7. Entertainment.
34. 1. Shift from Unorganized to Organized Retailing:
The key factors that drive the growth of organized retailing in
India are:
Higher disposable incomes,
Rising urbanization,
Growing consumerism,
Nuclear family structure,
Growing number of educated and employed women population.
2. Store Design:
The biggest challenge for organized retailing is to create
an environment that pulls in people and makes them
spend more time in shopping and also increases the
amount of impulse shopping.
35. 3. Competition:
Competition is increasing between different types of retailers.
All compete for the same customers.
The small independent retailers survive by providing personal
services to the customers.
4. New Forms of Retailing:
Modern malls made their entry into India in the late 1990s, with
the establishment of Crossroads in Mumbai and Ansal Plaza in
Delhi.
Malls have given a new dimension to shopping experience.
36. 5. Technology:
Technology today has become a competitive tool.
It helps the organized retailer to score over the unorganized
players, giving both cost and service advantages.
It made possible the growth of non-store retailing.
6. Consumer Buying Behaviour:
In India, there are no uniform trends with respect to consumer
buying behaviour.
There are visible differences in the shopping pattern of
consumers across income segments.
37. 7. Entertainment:
Modem retail formats provide a place for people to
assemble, and a means of entertainment, by providing
facilities such as food courts, mini theatre, children’s play
spaces and coffee shops.
These facilities help the customers enjoy shopping.
38. Emerging Trends In Retail:
Modern retailers are adapting new technology for marketing,
retail operations, and business transactions.
Forward-thinking retailers are using social media to
communicate with the consumers.
With the space crunch, modern retailers have learnt how to use
every inch of the floor constructively.
Social media websites such as Facebook, changed consumer
behavior as well as made retailers sweat out to take the benefits
and develop their brands.
39. E-tailing: The process includes the customer’s visit to the website,
purchasing products by choosing a mode of payment, product
delivery by the retailer and finally, the customer’s review or feedback.
Augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI): Consumers
listed Augmented and Virtual Reality as the top technologies they’re
seeking to assist them in their daily lives, with 51% saying they would
be willing to use AR technology to assess products.
Brands like IKEA, Home Depot, and Target all have proprietary AR
shopping experiences.
Shopify introduced Shopify AR, an easy-to-use toolkit for businesses
to create their own AR experiences to showcase their products to
customers and showed a 94% higher conversion rate than products
without AR.
41. Store Based Retailing
(A) Based on Merchandise offered:
(1) Convenience Stores:
A shop with extended opening hours, stocking a limited
range of household goods and groceries.
Convenience stores usually charge significantly higher
prices than conventional grocery
stores or supermarkets, as these stores order smaller
quantities of inventory at higher per-unit prices from
wholesalers.
42. (2) Supermarkets:
A supermarket is a self-service shop offering a wide
variety of food, beverages and household products,
organized into sections.
It is larger and has a wider selection than
earlier grocery stores, but is smaller and more limited
in the range of merchandise than a hypermarket.
The supermarket typically has aisles for meat,
fresh produce, dairy, and baked goods.
Shelf space is also reserved for canned and packaged
goods and for various non-food items such as
kitchenware, household cleaners, pharmacy products
and pet supplies.
43. (3) Hypermarkets:
A hypermarket is a retail store that combines a
department store and a grocery supermarket.
Often a very large establishment, hypermarkets offer a
wide variety of products such as appliances, clothing, and
groceries.
Hypermarkets allow customers to satisfy all their routine
shopping needs in one trip.
(4) Discount Stores:
A discount store or discount shop is a term that has
been used over time and across different countries for a
number of different retail formats, all of which sell products
at prices that are in principle lower than an actual or
supposed "full retail price".
44. (5) Specialty Stores:
A specialty store is a shop/store that carries a deep
assortment of brands, styles, or models within a relatively
narrow category of goods.
Furniture stores, florists, sporting goods stores,
and bookstores are all specialty stores.
Specialty stores compete with other types of retailers.
(6) Departmental Stores:
A departmental store may be described as a large retail
organisation having number of departments in the same
building under centralised control.
Each department deals in particular type of trade and is a
complete unit in it.
Departments often include the following: clothing, furniture,
home appliances, toys, cosmetics, house ware, gardening,
45. (7) Off Price Retailer:
Retailers who provide high quality goods at cheap prices.
They usually sell second-hand goods, off-the-season items
etc.
Off-price retailers are independent of manufacturers and
buy large volumes of branded goods directly from them.
The off-price retail model relies on the purchase of over-
produced, or excess, branded goods at a lower price.
(8) Factory Outlet:
An outlet store, factory outlet or factory shop is a brick
and mortar or online store in which manufacturers sell their
stock directly to the public.
Traditionally, a factory outlet was a store attached to
a factory or warehouse.
46. (B) Based on form of Ownership:
(1) Independent Retailer:
An independent retailer is someone who is completely
responsible for his or her own business.
The retailer owns or has bought an independent
store and has built the business from the ground up by
assessing all needs of the store, which can include
staffing, marketing, merchandising, sales, etc
(2) Chain Retailer:
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which
several locations share a brand, central management, and
standardized business practices.
47. (3) Franchise Retailer:
Retail franchising is the method of opening a
single store based on the name, branding, trademark, and
products of an existing business.
Franchising is based on a marketing concept which can
be adopted by an organization as a strategy for business
expansion.
(4) Leased Departments:
Leased departments are broadly defined as operations of
one company conducted within the establishment of
another company.
Typical examples may include jewelry counters or optical
centers within department stores.
(5) Consumer Co-operatives:
48. Non-Store Based Retailing
(1) Direct Selling
Direct selling consists of two main business models:
single-level marketing, in which a direct seller makes
money by buying products from a parent organization and
selling them directly to customers, and multi-level
marketing, in which the direct seller may earn money from
both direct sales to customers and by sponsoring new
direct sellers and potentially earning a commission from
their efforts.
(2) E-Mail Order
Mail order is
the buying of goods or services by mail delivery.
The buyer places an order for the desired products with the
49. (3) Telemarketing
Telemarketing is the direct marketing of goods or services to
potential customers over the telephone.
(4) Website/E-Commerce
Ecommerce, also known as electronic commerce or
internet commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods or
services using the internet, and the transfer of money and data
to execute these transactions.
(5) Automated Vending Machines/Kiosks
A vending machine is an automated machine that provides
items such as snacks, beverages etc., to consumers after cash,
a credit card, or a specially designed card is inserted into
the machine.
A kiosk refers to a small, temporary, stand-alone booth used in
high-traffic areas for marketing purposes.
A kiosk is usually manned by one or two individuals who help
50. Retail Strategies
Strategy:
Strategy is that which the top Management
does.
Strategy refers to basic directional decisions.
A strategy describes how the ends (goals) will
be achieved by the means (resources).
Strategy generally involves setting goals
and priorities, determining actions to
achieve the goals, and mobilizing
resources to execute the actions.
51. Steps involved in developing a retail
strategy:
1. Define the Mission or the Purpose of the
Organisation.
2. Conduct a Situation Analysis
3. Identifying Options/ Strategic Alternatives
4. Set Objectives
5. Obtain and Allocate the Resources needed to
compete
6. Develop the Strategic Plan
52. 1. Define the Mission or the Purpose of the
Organisation
A retailer’s mission statement highlights,
The Products and Services that will be offered
The Customers who will be served
The geographic areas that the Organisation chooses to
operate in
The manner in which the firm intends to compete in it’s
chosen markets.
2. Conduct a Situation Analysis
Conduct Situation Analysis by PEST analysis, SWOT analysis.
Conduct Industry analysis using Porter’s Five Forces model to
know the competitive forces like,
Potential Entrants
Threat of Substitutes
53. 3. Identifying Options/ Strategic Alternatives
Various alternatives available for tapping a particular market
Ansoff’s Matrix helps retailer to understand the options available.
54. 4. Set Objectives
Objectives are a translation of the mission statement into
operational terms.
The purpose of setting Objectives is to give direction and
set standards for measurement of performance.
Market performance and Financial performance are
important to Retailers.
Examples of objectives in Retail,
Sales volume targets
Market share targets
Retail expansion targets
Profitability to be achieved
Liquidity
Returns on Investment
55. 5. Obtain and Allocate the Resources needed to
compete:
Most important resources in retail are
Human Resources
Financial Resources
Financial Resources takes care of Salaries, Rent and payments
for merchandise
Human Resources Management involves Recruiting, Selecting,
Training, Remuneration and Motivating employees.
6. Develop the Strategic Plan
The Target market is defined.
The Retail Mix that will serve this audience finalized.
Retail mix involves Merchandise mix, Pricing Policy,
56. 7. Implement the Strategy, Evaluate and Control
Every aspect of the Store must be focused on the
Target market.
Effectiveness of the Strategy must be evaluated
periodically.
Effective corrective Strategy should be developed for
sustained Strategy.
57. Assignment and Important
Questions
1Q. Define Retailing. Explain the Scope of
Retailing?
2Q. Discuss the Prospects/Future of
Retailing in India?
3Q. Discuss various Retailing Formats in
India?