The document discusses several assumptions about the use of restraints and seclusion in treatment facilities. However, the realities outlined show that restraints and seclusion have frequently resulted in injury and death. Numerous cases describe people, including children, who suffered fatal consequences from the misuse of these interventions. Research also indicates a lack of evidence for the therapeutic benefits of restraints and seclusion and suggests they are often used punitively rather than as a last resort for safety. Cultural biases may also influence their disproportionate use on certain groups.

1. The Dynamics of Nonviolent Care

2. Restraints and Seclusion: Challenging the Assumptions

58. Confirmed Restraint Related Deaths Under Age 18 Years 1995-2007

59. Andrew McClain 11 years old Traumatic asphyxia and chest compression; face-down restraint with arms crossed over chest.

60. Candace Newmaker 10 years old Traumatic asphyxia and chest compression; face-down restraint with arms crossed over chest.

61. Chris Campbell 13 years old Restrained 4 times in his last 24 hours....Cause of death undetermined.

62. Dustin Phelps 14 years old Strapped in a blanket in a bed

63. Edith Campos 15 years old Restraint Asphyxia

64. Gareth Myatt 15 years old Traumatic asphyxia and chest compression; face-down restraint

65. Jimmy Kanda 6 years old Strangulation while in restraint hold

66. Kelly Young 17 years old Positional asphyxiation Kelly. died in a restraint "basket" hold and taken down to floor

67. Linda Harris 14 years old Stopped breathing after being physically restrained by male worker

68. Tristan Sovern 16 years old Asphyxiation during restraint Workers restrained Sovern face down on the floor

69. Angellika "Angie" Arndt 7 years old Stopped breathing after being placed in prone restraint position

70. Anthony Green 15 years old Bobby Joe Randolph 17 years old Bobby Sue Thomas 17 years old Brandon Hadden 18 years old Casey Collier 17 years old Cedric Napoleon 14 years old Charles "Chase" Moody,Jr. 17 years old Carlton Eugene Thomas 17 years old Darryl Thompson 15 years old Dawn Renay Perry16 years old Diane Harris 17 years old Donderey Rogers 14 year old Earl Smith 9 years old Eddie Lee 15 years old Eric Roberts 16 years old Garrett Halsey 16 years old Jamal Odum 9 years old Jamar Griffiths 15 years old Jason Tallman 12 years old Jeffrey Bogrett 9 years old Jeffery Demetrius 17 years old Jerry McLaurin 14 years old Joshua Ferarini 13 years old Joshua Sharpe 17 years old Kristal Mayon-Ceniceros 16 years old Krystal Tibbetts 3 years old Kyle Young 16 years old. Latasha Bush 15 years old Leroy Prinkley 14 years old Maria Mendoza 14 years old Mark Draheim 14 years old Matthew Goodman 14 years old Mark Soares 16 years old Martin Lewis Anderson 14 years old Michael Garcia 12 years old Michael Ibarra-Wiltsie 12 years old Omega Leach 17 years old Orlena Parker 15 years old Paul Choy 16 years old Rochelle Clayborne 16 years old Randy Steele 9 years old Robert Rollins 12 years old Roxanna Gray 17 years old Sabrina E. Day 15 years old Shirley Arciszewski 12 years old Shinaul McGraw 12 years old Stephanie Duffield 16 years old Timothy Thomas 9 years old Tanner Wilson 11 years old Thomas Mapes 17 years old Travis Parker 13 years old Tristan Sovern 16 years old Wauketta Wallace 12 years old William "Eddie" Lee 15 years old Willie Wright 9 years old

71. Restraints and Seclusion: Challenge the Assumptions