William Glasser was a psychiatrist who developed Choice Theory and Reality Therapy. Some key aspects of his theories include:
1) He believed that people choose their behaviors to meet their basic psychological needs of survival, love/belonging, power, freedom, and fun.
2) External control models focus on criticizing and blaming others, while internal control models emphasize respect, support, and negotiation.
3) Choice Theory proposes replacing the "7 Deadly Habits of External Control" with the "7 Caring Habits of Choice Theory" to improve relationships.
1. Reality therapy is a counseling approach based on choice theory which posits that human behavior is driven by five basic needs and that people have the ability to choose their behaviors.
2. The therapeutic process in reality therapy involves creating a supportive counseling environment, exploring a client's wants and needs, evaluating whether their current behaviors are meeting those wants and needs, and developing plans for behavior change.
3. Key aspects of reality therapy include keeping therapy focused on the present, emphasizing personal responsibility and choice over past events, avoiding non-constructive techniques like transference, and developing plans that are simple, measurable, and committed to by the client.
Choice theory is a psychological theory developed by William Glasser that focuses on personal responsibility and behavioral choices. The key concepts are that people have the power to choose their thoughts and actions, and are not victims of external forces. The theory aims to help people meet their basic psychological needs through improving relationships by changing their present behaviors and choices. Choice theory counseling involves assessing a client's goals, current behaviors, and developing plans for behavior change through small, measurable steps.
Reality therapy is a cognitive-behavioral approach developed by William Glasser that focuses on taking responsibility for one's actions and meeting needs in constructive ways. The counselor's role is to keep clients focused on the present and developing specific plans to improve behavior. The ultimate goal is for clients to feel better by gaining effective control over their lives and meeting needs without depriving others. Reality therapy uses techniques like confrontation, planning, and evaluating behaviors to help clients develop a success identity based on responsible fulfillment of needs.
Ellis was born in 1913 in Pittsburgh and raised in New York City. He had a difficult childhood due to family strife and health issues, which led him to focus on problem-solving through reading. In his early life, he aspired to be a novelist but was unable to get published. He then pursued psychoanalysis but grew dissatisfied with its limitations. He developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), which argues that irrational beliefs cause emotional disturbances and that disputing these beliefs can resolve problems. REBT became popular through his many books and workshops. Ellis spent his career developing and promoting REBT until his death in 2007.
Existential psychotherapy is a philosophical approach that focuses on concepts like freedom, responsibility, and meaning. It views humans as always evolving and defines our existence by our capacity for self-awareness and search for purpose. Key existential philosophers discussed include Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Sartre, and Camus. Rollo May was influential in introducing existential ideas to psychotherapy in the US. Existential therapy addresses fundamental human concerns like anxiety, death, relationships and uses concepts like creative living to help clients develop authenticity. While flexible, it can also be complex and difficult to apply due to its philosophical nature.
This document provides an overview of existential therapy. It discusses key figures in existential therapy like Viktor Frankl who developed logotherapy. It also discusses Rollo May and his contributions. The document outlines some core concepts of existential therapy including its focus on finding meaning and purpose in life. It describes the goals and processes of existential therapy including techniques like the empty chair. It also notes some advantages and disadvantages of the approach.
Illness cognition and cognitive behavioral approchesMishaRiaz
This document discusses illness cognitions and cognitive-behavioral approaches to changing behavior. It provides definitions of key concepts like illness cognitions, the self-regulatory model of illness, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. The self-regulatory model of illness involves three stages: interpretation of symptoms, coping strategies, and appraisal of coping effectiveness. Cognitive-behavioral therapy aims to identify and change unhelpful thoughts and behaviors to improve quality of life. It has been effectively used to treat mental health issues, addictions, and health problems by targeting thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
1. Reality therapy is a counseling approach based on choice theory which posits that human behavior is driven by five basic needs and that people have the ability to choose their behaviors.
2. The therapeutic process in reality therapy involves creating a supportive counseling environment, exploring a client's wants and needs, evaluating whether their current behaviors are meeting those wants and needs, and developing plans for behavior change.
3. Key aspects of reality therapy include keeping therapy focused on the present, emphasizing personal responsibility and choice over past events, avoiding non-constructive techniques like transference, and developing plans that are simple, measurable, and committed to by the client.
Choice theory is a psychological theory developed by William Glasser that focuses on personal responsibility and behavioral choices. The key concepts are that people have the power to choose their thoughts and actions, and are not victims of external forces. The theory aims to help people meet their basic psychological needs through improving relationships by changing their present behaviors and choices. Choice theory counseling involves assessing a client's goals, current behaviors, and developing plans for behavior change through small, measurable steps.
Reality therapy is a cognitive-behavioral approach developed by William Glasser that focuses on taking responsibility for one's actions and meeting needs in constructive ways. The counselor's role is to keep clients focused on the present and developing specific plans to improve behavior. The ultimate goal is for clients to feel better by gaining effective control over their lives and meeting needs without depriving others. Reality therapy uses techniques like confrontation, planning, and evaluating behaviors to help clients develop a success identity based on responsible fulfillment of needs.
Ellis was born in 1913 in Pittsburgh and raised in New York City. He had a difficult childhood due to family strife and health issues, which led him to focus on problem-solving through reading. In his early life, he aspired to be a novelist but was unable to get published. He then pursued psychoanalysis but grew dissatisfied with its limitations. He developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), which argues that irrational beliefs cause emotional disturbances and that disputing these beliefs can resolve problems. REBT became popular through his many books and workshops. Ellis spent his career developing and promoting REBT until his death in 2007.
Existential psychotherapy is a philosophical approach that focuses on concepts like freedom, responsibility, and meaning. It views humans as always evolving and defines our existence by our capacity for self-awareness and search for purpose. Key existential philosophers discussed include Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Sartre, and Camus. Rollo May was influential in introducing existential ideas to psychotherapy in the US. Existential therapy addresses fundamental human concerns like anxiety, death, relationships and uses concepts like creative living to help clients develop authenticity. While flexible, it can also be complex and difficult to apply due to its philosophical nature.
This document provides an overview of existential therapy. It discusses key figures in existential therapy like Viktor Frankl who developed logotherapy. It also discusses Rollo May and his contributions. The document outlines some core concepts of existential therapy including its focus on finding meaning and purpose in life. It describes the goals and processes of existential therapy including techniques like the empty chair. It also notes some advantages and disadvantages of the approach.
Illness cognition and cognitive behavioral approchesMishaRiaz
This document discusses illness cognitions and cognitive-behavioral approaches to changing behavior. It provides definitions of key concepts like illness cognitions, the self-regulatory model of illness, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. The self-regulatory model of illness involves three stages: interpretation of symptoms, coping strategies, and appraisal of coping effectiveness. Cognitive-behavioral therapy aims to identify and change unhelpful thoughts and behaviors to improve quality of life. It has been effectively used to treat mental health issues, addictions, and health problems by targeting thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Viktor Frankl was an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist who founded logotherapy. Some key points about him:
- He survived Nazi concentration camps and drew upon his experiences to develop logotherapy, which focuses on a person's will to find meaning.
- His most influential work, Man's Search for Meaning, analyzed how even in terrible circumstances like concentration camps, finding meaning in life allows one to endure suffering.
- Logotherapy contends that the primary human motivation is to search for meaning rather than pleasure or power. The therapist helps clients discover meaning rather than prescribe it.
- Frankl made major contributions to existential philosophy and psychotherapy through his emphasis on meaning and fulfillment as central to
The document discusses Carl Rogers and his person-centered therapy approach. Some key points include:
- Rogers believed people have an innate potential for growth and self-actualization given the right environment.
- The therapeutic relationship is the most important factor in therapy, with the therapist displaying genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.
- The goal of therapy is to help clients fully understand themselves by exploring their feelings in a non-judgmental setting. Clients are seen as capable of solving their own problems.
Reality Therapy was introduced in the 1960s by Dr. William Glasser and focuses on meeting five basic psychological needs: power, love and belonging, freedom, fun, and survival. The core principle is that people act to meet their needs and wants, so a counselor using Reality Therapy would help a client make a workable plan focused on things they can control to get what they want. Control issues are also important, as trying to control others usually backfires, so the focus is on accepting what is in one's own control. The past influences present wants and behaviors, but counseling aims to empower clients by focusing on the present and future rather than delving into the past.
Here are the key points about the internal dialogue exercise in Gestalt therapy:
- It aims to bring about integration and acceptance of disowned parts of the personality.
- Gestalt therapists pay attention to splits, especially between the "top dog" and "under dog" aspects.
- Therapy often focuses on the internal conflict or "war" between these two parts.
- The empty chair technique uses two chairs to externalize and personify the conflict.
- The client shifts between the chairs to speak from the perspective of each part - the "top dog" and "under dog".
- This allows an internal dialogue to occur externally, facilitating awareness, expression and potential resolution of the conflict.
Adlerian therapy was founded by Alfred Adler and focuses on understanding human behavior and psychology from a holistic, social perspective. Some key principles of Adlerian therapy include that individuals desire belonging, are purposeful and in control of their own lives, form their own realities, and should contribute to society. The four stages of Adlerian therapy are engagement, assessment, insight, and reorientation. Adlerian therapy has been applied to areas like family, group, and individual counseling.
The document summarizes Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) techniques. It discusses cognitive, emotive, and behavioral techniques used in REBT. The cognitive techniques aim to dispute irrational beliefs through rational analysis, changing language from "musts" and "oughts" to preferences, and reframing negative events. Emotive techniques help clients develop unconditional self-acceptance through rational-emotive imagery, role playing, and exercises to reduce shame. Behavioral techniques encourage clients to modify beliefs through exposure, risk-taking, paradoxical behavior, and postponing gratification.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) was developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950s. It is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy that focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems by identifying and disputing irrational and self-defeating beliefs. Ellis believed that people are disturbed not by events themselves but by their beliefs about events. REBT teaches unconditional self-acceptance, frustration tolerance, and flexible thinking to dispute irrational beliefs and reduce disturbances. Ellis developed REBT after becoming dissatisfied with psychoanalysis and drew from philosophy, biology, psychology and sociology in developing the theory.
Carl Rogers developed client-centered therapy in the 1940s as an alternative to traditional psychoanalytic approaches. In client-centered therapy, the therapist takes a non-directive approach, actively listening without judgment to help clients gain self-understanding and acceptance. The therapist provides empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard to create an environment where clients can explore their feelings and find their own answers. Research shows client-centered therapy can be as effective as cognitive behavioral therapy and has influenced other approaches like motivational interviewing. While criticism includes the lack of diagnoses, some find it less effective for certain disorders, client-centered therapy changed psychotherapy by making it more client-focused and flexible.
Reality therapy focuses on addressing clients' present unsatisfying relationships and ineffective behaviors by teaching them choice theory. The therapist guides clients to evaluate their current behaviors, identify their needs and wants, and make plans to behave more effectively. Reality therapy uses the WDEP method - exploring the client's wants, the direction of their behaviors, having them self-evaluate, and creating plans for change. The goal is for clients to learn how to better meet their needs and develop more satisfying relationships.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: A Basic Overview (Presentation)meducationdotnet
This document provides an overview of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to develop knowledge of CBT principles and techniques. The document then defines CBT as being based on the idea that emotions are governed by thoughts. It notes CBT aims to help people develop a more objective view by changing unhelpful beliefs. Conditions for which CBT has been shown to be effective are then listed, including depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and others. Key CBT principles like the A-B-C model of activating events, beliefs, and consequences are explained. Common cognitive distortions or thinking errors are defined and examples provided. The document concludes by describing how CBT is applied to
Aaron Beck developed cognitive therapy, which emphasizes recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs. The theoretical assumptions of cognitive therapy are that people's internal communications can be accessed through introspection, clients' beliefs have personal meanings that can be discovered by the client rather than interpreted by the therapist. Basic principles of cognitive therapy include addressing arbitrary inferences, selective abstractions, overgeneralization, magnification and minimization, personalization, labeling and mislabeling, and dichotomous thinking. Effective cognitive therapists establish empathy and a therapeutic alliance while using cognitive and behavioral strategies through Socratic questioning to guide clients in self-discovery and change.
Ethical and legal issues in clinical psychology (according to ethics code 2017)Jyosil Kumar Bhol
This document summarizes the key ethical and legal issues in clinical psychology. It begins with definitions of morality, ethics, and law. It then discusses the American Psychological Association's ethics code for clinical psychologists, which consists of general principles and specific ethical standards. The general principles are aspirational goals around beneficence, fidelity, integrity, justice, and respecting rights and dignity. The ethical standards establish enforceable rules for clinical psychologists in areas like resolving ethical issues, competence, privacy, advertising, record keeping, research, assessment, and therapy. The document provides examples of some of the specific ethical standards within these categories.
This is a presentation regarding Albert Ellis' REBT. Ellis' model teaches us to dispute irrational beliefs and replace them with rational ones to experience effective change.
Cognitive behavioral approaches combine cognitive and behavioral principles in short-term therapy. Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) emphasizes challenging irrational beliefs, though some cultures value interdependence over independence. When using REBT cross-culturally, therapists should modify how they assess and dispute clients' irrational beliefs based on their cultural backgrounds. Cognitive behavioral group therapy is structured and focuses on teaching clients cognitive strategies through homework and in-session exercises led by the directive therapist. The cognitive model posits that automatic thoughts influence reactions, and cognitive techniques aim to replace dysfunctional thoughts with more adaptive alternatives.
Existential psychotherapy focuses on fundamental human experiences like death, freedom, relationships and finding meaning. It views people as responsible for making their own choices and finding their identity. Key influences include Viktor Frankl's logotherapy, Rollo May who applied existential philosophy to therapy, and Irvin Yalom who emphasized concerns with death, freedom, isolation and meaninglessness. Existential therapy aims to help clients through increased self-awareness and by addressing anxiety from confronting human realities rather than eliminating it.
This document provides an overview of Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). It describes the core concepts and assumptions of SFBT, including that it takes a future-focused, goal-directed approach and places the client as the expert. The document outlines the SFBT conceptualization of problems, therapeutic goals, and the therapist's role. It details common SFBT interventions such as miracle questions, scaling questions, and exception questions. Finally, it discusses the evaluation of SFBT, noting both advantages like its brief nature but also potential disadvantages like lacking empirical research support.
Aaron Beck is an American psychiatrist known as the father of cognitive therapy. He developed widely used assessment tools for depression and anxiety. Beck attended Brown University and Yale Medical School. He believed that depression stems from negative views of oneself, the world, and the future. Cognitive therapy aims to help patients overcome difficulties by identifying and changing dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors. It involves helping patients develop skills to modify beliefs and identify distorted thinking.
Sigmund Freud and The Psychoanalytic Therapy 101Russell de Villa
Pretty much a 'simple' presentation showing the concept of Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory and a couple of techniques that come along with it. Used only for more 'advanced' learners in the field of Psychology.
This was presented on my Masteral Class on the subject: Seminar on Group Counseling and Psychotherapy. Feel free to edit, add your info, and even tweak the presentations to your desire.
Side-note: Pictures seen in the presentation are from artists from DeviantArt, Credit goes to all of them.
This document discusses reality therapy, which focuses on helping clients meet their psychological needs by taking responsibility for their actions and goals. It provides an overview of reality therapy techniques, which include establishing a supportive relationship, exploring what clients want, examining their current behaviors, evaluating if their behaviors are effective, and jointly creating plans for change. The document also outlines areas assessed in conceptualizing cases, goals of reality therapy, strategies used, and contributions of taking a reality therapy approach.
Glasser presentation 2 william glasser reality therapy and choice theory nichola hanson-jones
Reality therapy was developed by William Glasser in the 1960s. It assumes that all humans have basic psychological needs including survival, love and belonging, power, freedom, and fun. The core principle is that people are constantly trying to meet these needs through their behaviors and choices. Problems arise when the behaviors or choices people use to meet their needs are ineffective. Reality therapy helps clients discover how their current behaviors and thoughts are impacting their psychological needs and feelings, and encourages them to make new, more effective choices to meet their needs and function in a positive way.
Viktor Frankl was an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist who founded logotherapy. Some key points about him:
- He survived Nazi concentration camps and drew upon his experiences to develop logotherapy, which focuses on a person's will to find meaning.
- His most influential work, Man's Search for Meaning, analyzed how even in terrible circumstances like concentration camps, finding meaning in life allows one to endure suffering.
- Logotherapy contends that the primary human motivation is to search for meaning rather than pleasure or power. The therapist helps clients discover meaning rather than prescribe it.
- Frankl made major contributions to existential philosophy and psychotherapy through his emphasis on meaning and fulfillment as central to
The document discusses Carl Rogers and his person-centered therapy approach. Some key points include:
- Rogers believed people have an innate potential for growth and self-actualization given the right environment.
- The therapeutic relationship is the most important factor in therapy, with the therapist displaying genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.
- The goal of therapy is to help clients fully understand themselves by exploring their feelings in a non-judgmental setting. Clients are seen as capable of solving their own problems.
Reality Therapy was introduced in the 1960s by Dr. William Glasser and focuses on meeting five basic psychological needs: power, love and belonging, freedom, fun, and survival. The core principle is that people act to meet their needs and wants, so a counselor using Reality Therapy would help a client make a workable plan focused on things they can control to get what they want. Control issues are also important, as trying to control others usually backfires, so the focus is on accepting what is in one's own control. The past influences present wants and behaviors, but counseling aims to empower clients by focusing on the present and future rather than delving into the past.
Here are the key points about the internal dialogue exercise in Gestalt therapy:
- It aims to bring about integration and acceptance of disowned parts of the personality.
- Gestalt therapists pay attention to splits, especially between the "top dog" and "under dog" aspects.
- Therapy often focuses on the internal conflict or "war" between these two parts.
- The empty chair technique uses two chairs to externalize and personify the conflict.
- The client shifts between the chairs to speak from the perspective of each part - the "top dog" and "under dog".
- This allows an internal dialogue to occur externally, facilitating awareness, expression and potential resolution of the conflict.
Adlerian therapy was founded by Alfred Adler and focuses on understanding human behavior and psychology from a holistic, social perspective. Some key principles of Adlerian therapy include that individuals desire belonging, are purposeful and in control of their own lives, form their own realities, and should contribute to society. The four stages of Adlerian therapy are engagement, assessment, insight, and reorientation. Adlerian therapy has been applied to areas like family, group, and individual counseling.
The document summarizes Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) techniques. It discusses cognitive, emotive, and behavioral techniques used in REBT. The cognitive techniques aim to dispute irrational beliefs through rational analysis, changing language from "musts" and "oughts" to preferences, and reframing negative events. Emotive techniques help clients develop unconditional self-acceptance through rational-emotive imagery, role playing, and exercises to reduce shame. Behavioral techniques encourage clients to modify beliefs through exposure, risk-taking, paradoxical behavior, and postponing gratification.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) was developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950s. It is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy that focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems by identifying and disputing irrational and self-defeating beliefs. Ellis believed that people are disturbed not by events themselves but by their beliefs about events. REBT teaches unconditional self-acceptance, frustration tolerance, and flexible thinking to dispute irrational beliefs and reduce disturbances. Ellis developed REBT after becoming dissatisfied with psychoanalysis and drew from philosophy, biology, psychology and sociology in developing the theory.
Carl Rogers developed client-centered therapy in the 1940s as an alternative to traditional psychoanalytic approaches. In client-centered therapy, the therapist takes a non-directive approach, actively listening without judgment to help clients gain self-understanding and acceptance. The therapist provides empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard to create an environment where clients can explore their feelings and find their own answers. Research shows client-centered therapy can be as effective as cognitive behavioral therapy and has influenced other approaches like motivational interviewing. While criticism includes the lack of diagnoses, some find it less effective for certain disorders, client-centered therapy changed psychotherapy by making it more client-focused and flexible.
Reality therapy focuses on addressing clients' present unsatisfying relationships and ineffective behaviors by teaching them choice theory. The therapist guides clients to evaluate their current behaviors, identify their needs and wants, and make plans to behave more effectively. Reality therapy uses the WDEP method - exploring the client's wants, the direction of their behaviors, having them self-evaluate, and creating plans for change. The goal is for clients to learn how to better meet their needs and develop more satisfying relationships.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: A Basic Overview (Presentation)meducationdotnet
This document provides an overview of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to develop knowledge of CBT principles and techniques. The document then defines CBT as being based on the idea that emotions are governed by thoughts. It notes CBT aims to help people develop a more objective view by changing unhelpful beliefs. Conditions for which CBT has been shown to be effective are then listed, including depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and others. Key CBT principles like the A-B-C model of activating events, beliefs, and consequences are explained. Common cognitive distortions or thinking errors are defined and examples provided. The document concludes by describing how CBT is applied to
Aaron Beck developed cognitive therapy, which emphasizes recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs. The theoretical assumptions of cognitive therapy are that people's internal communications can be accessed through introspection, clients' beliefs have personal meanings that can be discovered by the client rather than interpreted by the therapist. Basic principles of cognitive therapy include addressing arbitrary inferences, selective abstractions, overgeneralization, magnification and minimization, personalization, labeling and mislabeling, and dichotomous thinking. Effective cognitive therapists establish empathy and a therapeutic alliance while using cognitive and behavioral strategies through Socratic questioning to guide clients in self-discovery and change.
Ethical and legal issues in clinical psychology (according to ethics code 2017)Jyosil Kumar Bhol
This document summarizes the key ethical and legal issues in clinical psychology. It begins with definitions of morality, ethics, and law. It then discusses the American Psychological Association's ethics code for clinical psychologists, which consists of general principles and specific ethical standards. The general principles are aspirational goals around beneficence, fidelity, integrity, justice, and respecting rights and dignity. The ethical standards establish enforceable rules for clinical psychologists in areas like resolving ethical issues, competence, privacy, advertising, record keeping, research, assessment, and therapy. The document provides examples of some of the specific ethical standards within these categories.
This is a presentation regarding Albert Ellis' REBT. Ellis' model teaches us to dispute irrational beliefs and replace them with rational ones to experience effective change.
Cognitive behavioral approaches combine cognitive and behavioral principles in short-term therapy. Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) emphasizes challenging irrational beliefs, though some cultures value interdependence over independence. When using REBT cross-culturally, therapists should modify how they assess and dispute clients' irrational beliefs based on their cultural backgrounds. Cognitive behavioral group therapy is structured and focuses on teaching clients cognitive strategies through homework and in-session exercises led by the directive therapist. The cognitive model posits that automatic thoughts influence reactions, and cognitive techniques aim to replace dysfunctional thoughts with more adaptive alternatives.
Existential psychotherapy focuses on fundamental human experiences like death, freedom, relationships and finding meaning. It views people as responsible for making their own choices and finding their identity. Key influences include Viktor Frankl's logotherapy, Rollo May who applied existential philosophy to therapy, and Irvin Yalom who emphasized concerns with death, freedom, isolation and meaninglessness. Existential therapy aims to help clients through increased self-awareness and by addressing anxiety from confronting human realities rather than eliminating it.
This document provides an overview of Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). It describes the core concepts and assumptions of SFBT, including that it takes a future-focused, goal-directed approach and places the client as the expert. The document outlines the SFBT conceptualization of problems, therapeutic goals, and the therapist's role. It details common SFBT interventions such as miracle questions, scaling questions, and exception questions. Finally, it discusses the evaluation of SFBT, noting both advantages like its brief nature but also potential disadvantages like lacking empirical research support.
Aaron Beck is an American psychiatrist known as the father of cognitive therapy. He developed widely used assessment tools for depression and anxiety. Beck attended Brown University and Yale Medical School. He believed that depression stems from negative views of oneself, the world, and the future. Cognitive therapy aims to help patients overcome difficulties by identifying and changing dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors. It involves helping patients develop skills to modify beliefs and identify distorted thinking.
Sigmund Freud and The Psychoanalytic Therapy 101Russell de Villa
Pretty much a 'simple' presentation showing the concept of Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory and a couple of techniques that come along with it. Used only for more 'advanced' learners in the field of Psychology.
This was presented on my Masteral Class on the subject: Seminar on Group Counseling and Psychotherapy. Feel free to edit, add your info, and even tweak the presentations to your desire.
Side-note: Pictures seen in the presentation are from artists from DeviantArt, Credit goes to all of them.
This document discusses reality therapy, which focuses on helping clients meet their psychological needs by taking responsibility for their actions and goals. It provides an overview of reality therapy techniques, which include establishing a supportive relationship, exploring what clients want, examining their current behaviors, evaluating if their behaviors are effective, and jointly creating plans for change. The document also outlines areas assessed in conceptualizing cases, goals of reality therapy, strategies used, and contributions of taking a reality therapy approach.
Glasser presentation 2 william glasser reality therapy and choice theory nichola hanson-jones
Reality therapy was developed by William Glasser in the 1960s. It assumes that all humans have basic psychological needs including survival, love and belonging, power, freedom, and fun. The core principle is that people are constantly trying to meet these needs through their behaviors and choices. Problems arise when the behaviors or choices people use to meet their needs are ineffective. Reality therapy helps clients discover how their current behaviors and thoughts are impacting their psychological needs and feelings, and encourages them to make new, more effective choices to meet their needs and function in a positive way.
William Glasser developed Choice Theory and Reality Therapy which focus on meeting basic human needs. The five basic needs are survival, love/belonging, freedom, fun, and power. According to Glasser, all behavior is purposeful and aimed at satisfying one or more of these needs. In the classroom, Choice Theory emphasizes giving students choice in what and how they learn to engage their basic needs. Effective discipline involves students taking responsibility for their actions through negotiated contracts rather than punishment.
William Glasser developed Choice Theory and Reality Therapy. Choice Theory explains that human behavior is determined by an individual's choice to meet their basic psychological needs for survival, love, power, freedom and fun. According to Glasser, behavior is purposeful and consists of acting, thinking, feeling and physiology. Students will engage more in school if it allows them to meet their basic needs through interesting activities. Choice Theory includes the concepts of an individual's Quality World of wants and needs, their Perceived World of experiences, comparing the two, and engaging in total behavior to reduce any mismatch.
1. The document summarizes a presentation by "The Fantastic Five" on William Glasser's Choice Theory.
2. The theory posits that human behavior is motivated by internal factors like satisfying basic needs rather than external factors.
3. The presentation covers an overview of the theory, its implications for reflective practice learners, a critique of its effectiveness in education, and references.
Choice theory states that students should have a say in how their classroom is run and what they learn. It focuses on building strong relationships between students and teachers. William Glasser developed choice theory and control theory, which explains that all behavior is a choice to meet basic psychological needs. Choice theory impacts classrooms by having students participate in rule-making and choosing curriculum and instructional methods. It advocates for non-coercive discipline through student-teacher contracts where students take responsibility for misbehavior and devise their own solutions.
William Glasser developed reality therapy/choice theory which emphasizes that individuals are responsible for their behaviors and have choices. The theory focuses on helping clients meet their core needs through better behavior choices and assuming responsibility. The therapeutic process involves exploring a client's wants, the direction of their current behaviors, evaluating behaviors, and developing plans and commitments to change behaviors. Reality therapy has been applied to individual, group and family counseling, especially with behavioral issues. A limitation is it may not address deeper emotional issues or the role of environment in shaping behaviors.
1. Rational choice theory suggests that criminals make rational decisions to commit crimes by weighing the risks and benefits. General deterrence theory proposes that increasing the certainty, severity, and speed of punishment can deter criminal behavior. Specific deterrence aims to prevent recidivism through sufficiently severe punishment. Incapacitation aims to reduce crime by imprisoning known criminals.
2. Situational crime prevention strategies seek to reduce criminal opportunities by increasing risks and efforts, reducing rewards, and inducing shame. However, such prevention may displace or diffuse crime to other areas. Rational choice theory analyzes how offenders make rational decisions regarding target selection and criminal methods.
The document provides an overview of rationality and rational choice theory. It discusses rationality in:
1) Argument, focusing on basic logical rules like modus ponens and modus tollens.
2) Ultimate ends, noting debates around whether rationality determines ends or if preferences are independent.
3) Beliefs, introducing Bayes' theorem and how beliefs are updated with new evidence.
It uses examples like spending on lotteries to illustrate rationality in action and choice. Game theory, like the Prisoner's Dilemma, is presented as a way to understand rational interactions. The document concludes with a brief discussion of failures of rational rationality like biases and heuristics.
Choice Theory is a psychology developed by William Glasser that focuses on personal freedom and responsibility. It posits that we have control over our own behaviors and cannot be controlled by others, though we can indirectly control our feelings and physiology through our thoughts and actions. The theory explains personality through 10 axioms, including that we are driven by 5 basic needs and behave to satisfy pictures in our "Quality World." Reality Therapy applies Choice Theory in counseling by having clients evaluate their behaviors and develop new plans to get what they want. While empowering for clients, some critics argue Choice Theory does not adequately address unconscious influences and may blame clients for mental illnesses outside their control.
Reflecting on Filipino Beliefs and Traditions as Shown in Selected PlaysAngie Magdasoc
This document analyzes how selected Filipino plays reflect Filipino beliefs and traditions. It discusses two plays - "Sabrina" which depicts traditions surrounding death like wearing black and holding prayers 9 nights after a death. It also discusses superstitions like not looking in mirrors after a death. The second play discussed is "The World is an Apple" which depicts a father who steals an apple for his daughter and loses his job. Both plays showcase strong family values and the lengths people will go to provide for their family, reflecting important Filipino cultural beliefs.
From Burnout to Engagement: Strategies to Promote Physician Wellness and Work...Modern Healthcare
Slides from a Modern Healthcare presentation.
http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20150225/INFO/302259999/webinar-from-burnout-to-engagement-strategies-to-promote-physician
Faced with long hours, unrelenting administrative burdens and the pressure to treat patients quickly, a growing number of physicians are experiencing burnout, a condition characterized by loss of empathy, exhaustion, and a low sense of accomplishment. According to a Mayo Clinic survey from 2012, nearly one in two U.S physicians reported at least one symptom of burnout, up from 22% in 2001. For hospitals with stressed caregivers, the stakes are high. Burned out, dissatisfied physicians are far more likely to make medical errors and are less able to communicate effectively with patients and co-workers. They're also at a higher risk for substance abuse and are more likely to leave clinical practice altogether.
William Glasser fue un psiquiatra estadounidense que creó la Teoría de la Elección. Estudió ingeniería química, psicología, medicina y psiquiatría. Desarrolló la Teoría de la Elección, la cual propone que los seres humanos controlan sus propias acciones y emociones. Fundó el Instituto William Glasser para difundir esta teoría a nivel mundial.
Eclectic therapy incorporates various therapeutic principles and techniques from different approaches to create a treatment program tailored to the specific needs of the client. The eclectic therapist employs a range of techniques with the goal of developing a personalized treatment plan. This customized approach ensures the most effective techniques are used to meet the unique needs of each patient.
The document provides an overview of drama and its history and elements. It discusses how drama originated in ancient Greece as a way to honor Dionysus and evolved from dithyrambs performed by choruses. It describes the key elements of drama including plot, characters, setting, dialogue, conflict and how plays are typically structured in 3 or 5 acts. The document also provides a brief history of early Philippine drama forms like duplo and karagatan during the Spanish era and some of the popular plays that emerged then like Cenakulo.
The play is about Kikay, a girl from Tondo who returns after living in New York. She has adopted New York style, language, and mannerisms that seem strange to her childhood friends in Tondo. Her mother also tries to speak broken English. Kikay's childhood friend Tony, who was secretly engaged to their friend Nena, visits to catch up. Nena is irritated by Kikay's changed ways. Their friend Totoy has a secret love for Nena. In the end, the characters' secret loves are revealed and Kikay returns to her old, kind self, having learned there is no place like home.
1) Alfred Adler developed Individual Psychology, which views people as motivated by social influences and a striving for superiority rather than by sex and aggression as Freud believed.
2) Adler saw personality as shaped more by the future than the past and people as usually aware of their behavior and reasons for it rather than driven by unconscious forces.
3) Individual Psychology presents an optimistic view of human nature and potential.
Do I Have PTSD? - The Signs & Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderDeborah Davis
A lot of people can suffer from PTSD (or post-traumatic stress disorder) after experiencing a traumatic event like natural disasters and serious accidents. Among the most common of the many symptoms are: experiencing flashbacks, bad dreams and having difficulty sleeping. Learn the other symptoms of PTSD in order to help someone you know who might be suffering from it. Check out these slides from Nungkari Treatment Centre.
Transactional Analysis PPT - OB - ShimnaChinnu Shimna
Transactional analysis is a theory of human behavior and communication developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s. It analyzes interactions between people in terms of three ego states - parent, adult, and child. The parent ego state incorporates attitudes learned from parents, the adult uses logic and reason, and the child responds emotionally. People develop life positions based on assumptions of their own and others' worth. Healthy communication involves understanding each other's ego states and exchanging positive strokes of recognition.
This document provides a summary of key concepts from a chapter on social psychology. It discusses topics like social cognition, person perception, social influence, conformity, prejudice, and obedience. Some main points include:
- Social psychology examines how people think, feel, and behave in social situations. It includes social cognition, or how we form impressions of others, and social influence, how our behavior is affected by other people.
- When forming impressions of others, we rely on mental shortcuts like social categorization and implicit personality theories. We also make attributions to explain others' behaviors.
- Studies on conformity, like Asch's line experiment, show that people often conform to group pressures even if it means agreeing with
This document provides an overview of several major counseling and personality theories, including person-centered therapy, rational emotive behavior therapy/cognitive behavioral therapy, reality therapy, psychoanalysis, individual psychology, and learning theories like classical and operant conditioning and social learning theory. The theories speculate on the origins of psychological distress and how to address it through understanding ineffective thoughts and behaviors and learning new ways of thinking and acting that promote well-being.
The document summarizes some key concepts from Freudian psychoanalytic theory, including:
1) Freud proposed three structures of the psyche - the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, the ego balances the id and reality, and the superego incorporates moral standards.
2) Defence mechanisms distort id impulses in socially acceptable ways to reduce anxiety. Immature defences like projection and passive aggression are common in children and may indicate intimacy issues in adults.
3) Valliant's classification organizes defences from narcissistic-psychotic like denial to more mature ones like humour and sublimation that indicate psychological health.
1. The document discusses moral development in children, including the development of a Theory of Mind between ages 2-3 where children understand that others have their own thoughts and feelings. It also discusses Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning and the development of perspective-taking abilities.
2. It provides an overview of concepts like distributive justice, moral dilemmas, and the conventional vs moral domains of rules. It suggests ways to create a moral atmosphere in the classroom.
3. The document discusses diversity and convergences in moral development across cultures, noting both differences and commonalities in how social contexts influence individuals.
The document summarizes some of Sigmund Freud's key concepts regarding the structures of the psyche and defense mechanisms. It describes:
1) Freud proposed the id, ego, and superego as the three structures of the psyche. The id operates on the pleasure principle, the ego balances id urges with reality, and the superego incorporates moral standards.
2) Defense mechanisms like projection, denial, and distortion are used by the ego to protect the psyche from anxiety by distorting or blocking unconscious urges.
3) Defense mechanisms range from immature ones like acting out and passive aggression seen in children, to more mature defenses like humor and sublimation used by healthy adults.
The document discusses personality types and models, including the Big Five traits, Cattell's 16 factors, and Myers-Briggs types. It covers how personality develops, is influenced by both nature and nurture, and how understanding personality can help with self-awareness, managing relationships, and diversity in teams. The purpose is to gain a deeper understanding of human nature and behavior.
Mental Health introduction and a brief indepth.pptxMwambaChikonde1
Mental health refers to an individual's emotional, psychological, and social well-being, and how they think, feel, and behave. It is important at every stage of life from childhood through adulthood. Many factors can influence mental health, including genetics, life experiences, family history, and physical health. Maintaining good mental health involves connecting socially, managing stress, getting treatment if needed, and leading an overall healthy lifestyle. Children's mental health is especially important as their brains are still developing skills for interacting with others and managing emotions.
The document discusses theories of the self from a psychological perspective. It defines the self as a cognitive construct consisting of the "I" (thinking, acting, feeling aspects) and the "me" (physical and psychological characteristics). William James and Carl Rogers introduced this concept of the dual self. The self is also influenced by social interaction and one's environment. It develops through social roles, relationships, and group memberships. Factors like self-esteem, self-awareness, social comparison, and narcissism also shape one's sense of self over time. The self is not fixed but rather evolves continuously based on experiences and social contexts.
William Glasser developed Choice Theory and Reality Therapy based on his experience working in psychiatric facilities. He emphasized personal responsibility and that people are motivated by their needs for belonging, power, freedom, and fun. Reality therapy focuses on the present and helping clients meet their needs effectively. It uses the WDEP process - exploring wants, evaluating current behaviors, and making plans. The approach aims to empower clients through self-evaluation and planning for the future.
1) Psychological health involves both the absence of mental illness and the presence of well-being. It contributes to overall wellness.
2) Positive psychology focuses on achieving goals and maximizing happiness through pursuing pleasant, engaged, and meaningful lives.
3) Psychological disorders are common and treatable through methods like psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication, and support groups. Maintaining overall wellness involves healthy coping strategies.
This document summarizes key ideas from behavioral economics, positive psychology, and human achievement. It discusses how optimism, positivity, intrinsic motivation, and growth mindset can lead to happiness and success. Flow states from deliberate practice are also important. Behavioral economics shows humans are predictably irrational, using heuristics and framing. Understanding these principles can help people improve health, happiness, and productivity. The science of being human is an emerging field that provides evidence-based ways to enhance well-being.
This document provides an overview of behavioral science and concepts related to self-knowledge. It discusses:
1) Behavioral science as the study of human habits, actions, and intentions using knowledge from sociology, psychology, and anthropology.
2) Key concepts in behavioral science like self-concept, self-esteem, identity, and role performance that influence human behavior.
3) Models for understanding self-knowledge like Erikson's psychosocial stages of development and the Johari Window model of self-awareness.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) was developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950s. Some key points:
- REBT is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy that focuses on identifying and disputing irrational beliefs that lead to emotional distress.
- Ellis was influenced by Stoic philosophy which held that people are disturbed not by events but by their views of events. However, REBT recognizes the healthy expression of emotions.
- A core concept is the A-B-C model - that activating events (A) do not directly cause emotional/behavioral consequences (C) but rather the beliefs (B) one holds about the events.
- The goal of REBT counseling is to help clients develop a
This document discusses emotion management. It defines emotions as feelings and how to identify them through self-reflection. It also notes that emotions can be identified in others through body language and facial expressions. The limbic system in the brain controls emotions in unconscious ways linked to survival instincts and past experiences. Positive actions to manage emotions include exercise, spending time outside, being grateful, and focusing on strengths. Emotional and rational decisions both have merits, and the best decisions use both. Developing emotional intelligence through self-awareness and relationship skills provides benefits like stress management and career success.
This document provides an overview of ethical decision-making models and their application in clinical practice. It discusses how moral judgments are influenced by both rational and non-rational processes. Automatic thinking, emotions, and cognitive biases can complicate clinical ethics and decision-making. The document outlines several models for conceptualizing ethical development, including the acculturation model which involves integrating personal and professional ethical values. It emphasizes using a principle-based approach focused on concepts like autonomy, beneficence, and justice when making ethical decisions.
Meaning of positive psychology, Components of positive psychology, Virtues, Character strengths, Signature strengths, Flow experience, Savoring, Good adaptation, Resilience, flourishing, Terman's life cycle study, research studies.
Psychoanalysis began in the late 19th century with Sigmund Freud who developed comprehensive theories about human nature, behavior, and the structure of the mind. Freud believed that talking about psychological problems and hidden memories could help treat mental disorders, known as the "talking cure." He identified concepts like the id, ego, and superego that make up different parts of the personality. Psychoanalysis uses techniques like free association, dream analysis, and interpretation to bring unconscious thoughts and desires into awareness to provide insight.
Learning Objective: Examine the impact of diversity, equity, and inclusion on business outcomes
Description: When you meet someone, what are some of your initial assumptions? Do these assumptions impact the way you interact with them? Our brains naturally place people into larger groups or categories. These assumptions are helpful to some, yet harmful to others. In business, subtle biases can become major roadblocks to fair and inclusive diversity practices. We gravitate toward certain types of people, or simply forget to acknowledge others. As women of color, these biases create challenges that may include racial and gender stereotypes that cause our contributions to be ignored or diminished. How do we become examples of fair and inclusive practices? How do we challenge our culture to move toward greater levels of awareness? Studies have shown that men become less biased toward women when they discuss needs and are forced to challenge assumptions. This session will challenge your personal biases and address ways to engage in conversations that test faulty thinking and increase cultural awareness for better individual and business outcomes.
This document discusses abnormal psychology and defines it as actions, thoughts, and feelings that cause distress and dysfunction. It examines different perspectives on understanding abnormal behavior, such as the psychological, behavioral, neuroscience, cognitive, and group perspectives. It then discusses mood disorders like major depression and bipolar disorder. It analyzes the causes of anxiety disorders and mood disorders from psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive, and biological viewpoints.
The document discusses why facts often fail to change people's minds. It provides several reasons for this:
1) Confirmation bias causes people to only accept information that confirms their existing beliefs and reject anything contradictory.
2) People are more influenced by social approval from their peers than logic or evidence. Changing beliefs risks losing social ties.
3) Minor differences in beliefs can seem threatening, making people defensive and less open to changing their views. It is difficult to change someone's mind by directly opposing their beliefs.
1. William Glasser
• “. . . it is what you choose to do in a
Reality Therapy relationship, not what others choose
to do, that is the heart of reality
Chapter 11 therapy.”
Dr. Sheila K. Grant
Biography of Biography of
William Glasser William Glasser
• Born 1925 & educated at Case Western • Glasser's path a continuing progression from
Reserve University (Cleveland, Ohio). private practice to lecturing & writing,
ultimately culminating in publication of 20+
• Initial training in chemical engineering, books
then master’s in clinical psychology
• After writing counseling book, Reality Therapy
• Attended UCLA medical school & (1965), published his first book on education,
became a board certified psychiatrist in Schools without Failure (1969), greatly
1961 expanded understanding of motivation &
behavior with Choice Theory (1998), & finally
added, Warning: Psychiatry Can Be Hazardous
to Your Mental Health (2003), to help people
improve their mental health and happiness
Philosophy of Philosophy of
William Glasser William Glasser
• People should not be labeled with mental • People choose to be depressing, anxious,
illness unless they have a true brain panicky, angering, behaving in a way
disorder such as Alzheimer’s disease, that others say they have a psychosis,
epilepsy, head trauma & brain infections etc. in order to avoid other more painful
(they should all be treated by experiences or to reach out for help
neurologists) • They are coping in best way they know
• Otherwise, categories of DSM-IV-TR are how for given situation, which is usually
not mental disorders or illness caused either by relationship problem or
• Psychologists & psychiatrists should only a lack of a relationship at all
use DSM categories to satisfy
requirements of insurance companies to
receive payments
1
2. Philosophy of Choice Theory:
William Glasser Need for a new Psychology
• The brain reacts to actions & thinking processes • Past 100 years, technology has progressed
of individual, rather than individual reacting as drastically, but human progress has been at a
result of an “imbalance in brain chemistry” as is standstill
popularly thought – Still wars, divorces, suicides, murder, poor productivity in
schools & workplace & unhappy people
• As a result, people do not need psychotropic or
“brain” drugs such as Prozac • Two groups of people of unhappy people:
– Those who try to find their way back to pleasurable
• Rather, they need psychotherapy to help them relationships w/happy people
with their relationships
– Those who have given up on relationships & try to feel
• Society should be in a more preventive mode good by other means (drugs, alcohol, violence, sex, abusing
rather than a reactive mode for psychological food, etc.)
behaviors, just as communities are for medical • Once this group can find meaningful relationships through AA
or other professional or nonprofessional counselors & teachers,
illness they too can find happiness again
Choice Theory: Choice Theory:
Need for a new Psychology Need for a new Psychology
• Glasser believes problem is external • Need to change our “7 Deadly Habits of External Control”
mindset of our society – Criticizing
– Blaming
– “You must do what I want or be the way I – Complaining Nagging
want you to be!” – Threatening
– Punishing
• Rather than letting us both decide what is – Bribing or rewarding to control
best for us in our relationship & then work • To the “7 Caring Habits of Choice Theory)”
together to make it happen – Respecting
• Glasser feels that society should move – Supporting
– Encouraging Listening
more towards internal locus of control
– Accepting
– Trusting
– Negotiating differences to a Win/Win situation
Choice Theory: Choice Theory:
Need for a new Psychology Basic Needs and Feelings
• Similar idea as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
• Difficult to retrain our thinking & communication (Survival,Love/Belonging, Power, Freedom, & Fun)
because we are so engrained in the external control – Different in that only Survival & Love/Belonging are in
system both sets
• Three Beliefs of External Control Psychology: – Choice Theory needs are NOT in a hierarchy
– 1) My behavior is caused by something that occurs outside
of myself (e.g., “I answer the phone because it rings”) • Rather they are analogous to the legs of a chair --
– 2) I can make you do what I want you to do or we can if all legs are balanced, the chair functions better
control each other by what we say or do • Glasser believes that we are genetically
– 3) I know what’s right for you & if you don’t do it, I should & programmed to satisfy all five basic needs
must control you because it is the right thing to do
– Strongly Agree, Agree, Unsure, Disagree, Strongly Disagree • Negotiation is necessary to balance the needs of
Where are you on this continuum of beliefs both parties of a relationship
for #1, 2, & 3 • One party may need more of one need than the
other
2
3. Choice Theory:
Choice Theory:
Basic Needs and Feelings
Basic Needs and Feelings • 1) Survival - Physiological Need
• There may also be an internal conflict to – All living creatures struggle to survive & reproduce
the species
satisfy multiple needs at same time
– Also, humans look beyond present survival needs &
– e.g., you want to be responsible & gain make an effort to live in ways that lead to longevity
respect of others but also want freedom & (exercise & eating healthy)
fun – Survival comes from the “old brain” – base of the
• McNamara (1997) also added intraneed brain As humans developed, cerebral cortex
or “new brain” allows us to have needs beyond
conflicts (e.g., survival
– “the need for survival can include the – If survival was our only need, there would be no
motivation to be safe & the urge toward anorexia or suicide
growth”) – Also getting along better with each other would
result in more survival & less death
Choice Theory:
Choice Theory:
Basic Needs and Feelings
• 2) Love & Belonging - Psychological Need Basic Needs and Feelings
– It’s a 2-way street • 3) Power – Psychological Need
• “I need to receive love, be involved & feel like I belong” – Distinctive human need
• “I feel better if I am able to give love & acceptance to
others” – Includes feeling of accomplishment, success,
– Most of psychotherapy in countries where survival needs
recognition, respect & being heard
are primarily met revolve around this need – For some, the need is insatiable
– Either lack of love or deteriorating love are associated – For others, they are satisfied with the amount they
with have
• Suicide – For some, it comes at the expense of their
• Mental Illness relationships with others (greed, external control
• Infidelity over others)
• Murder
– But for some, it may work for the common good
• Feelings of jealousy, abandonment, revenge & despair
(saving lives or developing new treatments)
– External control is used extensively here
– We need to strive for the latter rather than the former
Choice Theory: Choice Theory:
Basic Needs and Feelings Basic Needs and Feelings
• 4) Freedom to express ideas, choices & ability • 5) Fun – Psychological Need
to be constructively creativity – Psychological
Need – The genetic reward for learning
– It concerns us most when we perceive that our – We play all our lives & as a result we learn all
freedom is threatened our lives
– Need balance between “your need to try to force me
to live my life the way you want & my need to be free – “Fun is best defined by laughter”
of that force – “People who fall in love are learning a lot
– This balance is best expressed by the golden rule “Do about each other, & they find themselves
unto others as you would have others do unto you”
– External control is the enemy of freedom
laughing almost continually”
– When we loose freedom, we loose a defining human – “Laughing & learning are the foundation of
characteristic (creativity) all successful long-term relationships”
3
4. Choice Theory Choice Theory
(Quality World) (Quality World)
• As people grow up & interact with • It is dynamic as our experiences
environment, they find some parts of
world satisfy their needs & make them
grow
feel good & other parts do not • Anytime we feel good, we are
• They take this information & build into choosing to behave so that
their memory pictures of people, things, something or someone in our real
beliefs or situations which seem to be the
best ways to satisfy one or more of the world comes close to matching the
basic needs image in our quality world
• The conglomerate of these wants is the
world in which we would like to live & is
called our Quality World
Choice Theory Choice Theory
(Quality World) (Quality World)
• Everyone has their own unique quality world • Besides being in conflict with other’s quality world
• Total objectivity is a myth wants, our own quality world wants can be in
• It could only exist if we all had exactly the same conflict with each other and/or they can be linked
quality worlds together
• It’s just like jury trials – everyone sees things from • Advertises hope that consumers will put their
a different perspective product into their quality world & link them to the
• Only things that are not important to us can be images the consumers already have in their minds
seen as they truly are (heroes, beauty, power, wealth, etc.)
• Luckily, there are enough of these unimportant • Pictures or wants exist in a priority & often it is the
things to almost all of us that we can agree that therapist’s job to help clients to determine priorities
what is out there is REALITY about what is need satisfying in the long term & not
just for the moment
Choice Theory Choice Theory
(Quality World) (Total Behavior)
• Besides being in conflict with other’s quality world • Behavior generated to fulfill quality world wants is
wants, our own quality world wants can be in always composed of four elements: actions,
conflict with each other and/or they can be linked thinking, feeling, & physiology
together
• All behaviors have all 4 components, so it is called
• Advertises hope that consumers will put their
product into their quality world & link them to the Total Behavior
images the consumers already have in their minds • Other psychotherapy theories emphasize one or two
(heros, beauty, power, wealth, etc.) of these components whereas Reality Therapy
• Pictures or wants exist in a priority & often it is the emphasizes all four of them
therapist’s job to help clients to determine priorities • However, we only have direct control over two of
about what is need satisfying in the long term & not
just for the moment them: Actions & Thinking
4
5. Reality Therapy
Reality Therapy (Characteristics)
(Characteristics) • It is important to keep the therapy in the present &
not dwell on the past
• Reality therapy focuses on what clients can
• Glasser admits that we are products of the past &
control in a relationship, rather than finding
the therapist can listen to past experiences briefly,
fault or talking about what they can’t but we are not victims of the past unless we
control choose to be
• It is crucial for client to understand they • Also, it is important not to focus on the symptoms
can only control their own actions & because they are just the body’s way of warning
behavior, & they can control all of them client that behavior they are choosing is not
• Reality therapists strive to be themselves in satisfying a basic need
order to build relationships with client & • Glasser believes that if client believes therapist
teach them how to relate to others wants to hear symptoms or past, they will comply
• Therefore, transference is rejected in this & result will be therapy that lasts longer than it
therapy needs to
Reality Therapy Family Therapy
(Therapeutic Process) (Application: Therapeutic
Techniques & Procedures)
• Basic goal is to help clients learn better ways to
fulfill all of their basic needs & connect with the • Practice of reality therapy is conceptualized
people that they have chosen to put into their
quality world
as the “cycle of counseling” consisting of two
• If client has not voluntarily come to therapy, it is key components:
for therapist to focus on connecting with client – 1) Creating the counseling environment
before doing anything else – 2) Implementing specific procedures that lead to
• Often these clients have not had any positive changes
relationships in past with adults (teachers, parents,
school counselors, etc.) • Cycle begins by establishing a working
• Therapist’s role is not to judge or evaluate client but relationship with client & proceeds through an
act as an advocate to help & support, as a teacher exploration of client wants, needs &
or mentor to client & to encourage them that there perceptions
is hope
Family Therapy
(Application: Therapeutic
Reality Therapy From a
Techniques & Procedures) Multicultural Perspective
• Clients explore their total behavior & make • It is essential that cross-cultural therapists
their own self-evaluations respect differences between their own
quality world & that of their clients
• If they decide to try a new behavior, they
make plans & commit themselves to plan & • Counselor can work with client to help
them develop relationships as they are
there is a follow-up on how well client is doing
meaningful to them in their culture
• Reality therapy is an art form, not just • In some cultures, the procedures need to
following procedures be modified such as not asking direct
• Each client is different with different needs questions o accepting “I’ll try” when
asked to make plans with Japanese
clients
5
6. Reality Therapy Reality Therapy
(Contributions) (Limitations and Criticisms)
• It has a short-term focus • Corey believes that for some cultures,
clients may be reluctant to voice their
• Existentialism exist in the theory as needs, & that discrimination & racism may
well as cognitive-behaviorism impede clients from obtaining what they
want in life
• There is no hidden agenda by the
• The result would be that client may feel
therapist, it is client focused misunderstood
• Client is encouraged to decide if • Corey also believes that the
what they are doing is working or psychoanalytic aspects of counseling
(unconscious, dreams, transference &
not past childhood experiences) are not
given adequate emphasis in influencing
our behavior
Reality Therapy Reality Therapy in Summary
(Limitations and Criticisms)
• Reality therapy is best characterized as a
• Counselors need to ensure that their form of cognitive behavioral therapy
own values & need to give advise • In Reality Therapy:
– Therapy is a didactic process
does not pervert the basic concepts – Clients must make commitments
of choice theory – Punishment is eliminated
• Many people disagree with Glasser – Therapists do not accept excuses or blaming
that all psychological disorders are • Goals:
– Clients are taught Choice Theory
behavioral choices & there are no – Clients are helped to get connected or
biochemical or genetic influences reconnected with people they have chosen
to put in their quality world
– Assist clients in dealing with the present
Reality Therapy in Summary
Reality Therapy in Summary
• Functions of Reality Therapists:
• Emphasis is on choice & responsibility – Setting limits in the therapeutic setting
• Therapist establishes involvement with the – Getting clients to be specific about how they will
client make desired changes
• Focus is on client’s strengths – Confronting clients by not accepting their excuses
– Helping clients reformulate their plans, if necessary
• Planning & commitment are essential
• Methods of Reality Therapy: • Reality Therapists deal with the following:
– What client is currently doing
– Behavior-oriented methods
– What clients are thinking & feeling, when this relates
– Contract method
to what they are doing
– Role-playing
– A client’s relationships with significant others
– Confrontation of client
– Assisting clients in developing an action plan
geared for change
6