The document discusses resource allocation in communication systems utilizing modulation techniques such as ASK, FSK, and PSK, focusing on both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communication links. It highlights the importance of adaptive modulation, channel-aware systems, and the need for a hybrid channel allocation method to achieve optimal quality of service (QoS). Additionally, it suggests further exploration of resource allocation techniques like CDMA and OFDM to improve capacity and efficiency in various applications.

1. Resource Allocation using ASK, FSK and PSK
Modulation Techniques with varying M
Chirag Warty Richard Wai Yu
RF and Wireless Engineer System Engineer
IEEE Associate Member NAVSEA – Port Hueneme

2. INDEX
• Introduction
• Point to Point Communication Links
• Point to Multi Point Communication Links
• Channel Aware Radio System
• Adaptive Modulation with Varying M
• Resource Allocation
• Conclusion

3. Introduction
• Analog to Digital
• Economies of Scale
• Bandwidth versus data rate
• Demand for high Data rates
• Video and real time monitoring
• Military Sensor Networks
• Natural Disaster warning Systems (Tsunami, Active Volcones etc)
• Remote medical procedures
• Development and existence of a strong backbone
• Ever growing demand for Mobility and networking

4. Point to Point Communication Links
• Basic Satellite System
• Bandwidth Allocation (FCC, ETSI …etc)
• Fundamental Flaw – Single Link
• Ultimate Goal - Quality of Service (QoS)
• Advantages of Point to Point Model
• Disadvantages of Point to Point Model

5. Point to Multi-Point Communication
• Broad multibeam Antenna
• Frequency Reuse
• Bandwidth Optimization
• Advantages
• Improved Antenna Gain Adjacent Cells
• Increased Overall Capacity
• Limitations
• Cell Intereference
• Limited Power Availability Ground Terminals
• Computational Complexity
• Swath Width
Cell Radius
Beam Width
• Satellite Coverage (Area) :

6. Channel Aware Radio System
• Channel : Slow fading Nakagami • Best constellation size is selected
Channel according to recovered data quality and
sent back via feedback path.
• Transmitter : Airborne Platform
• Direct line of sight (LOS) : Rician
• Receiver : Ground terminal Distribution
• Feedback Path : Data Stream or an
uplink

7. Adaptive Modulation with Varying M
• Real time balancing of the link budget by adaptive variations
• Transmitted power level
• Symbol Transmission rate
• Constellation Size
• Bit Error Rate (BER)
• Types of rate adaptation
• Source rate adaptation in the application layer
• Rate control for data communication in Network/MAC layer
• Channel Protection adaptation in Physical layer
• Performance of adaptive modulation as a function of SNR ( )
and data rate T

8. Resource Allocation
• Basic Digital modulation
Schemes
– Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
– Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
– Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
• Modulation Schemes can have
varying M
– M-ary ASK
– M-ary FSK
– M-ary PSK
• BASK Signal – First Null at 20 KHz

9. Resource Allocation
• M-ary Frequency Shift Keying
• Frequency component varies in
time with discrete values of M
SNR Vs. P(BER) for M-ary Frequency Shift Keying
• PB versus Eb/No for coherently 0
BFSK
detected FSK over a Gaussian 10 4-FSK
8-FSK
channel
Probability of Bit Error Rate
16-FSK
-2
10
-4
10
-6
10
0 5 10 15
Eb/No [dB]

10. Resource Allocation
• M-ary Phase Shift Keying : Early
Days of deep Space Communication
• Better Performance than ASK
and FSK
• Minimal Phase estimation error
at the receiver
• Phase component varies in time
with discrete values of M
• Bandwidth = 2KHz

11. Conclusion
• A hybrid channel allocation technique seems to be the most suitable
one, combining the fixed and the dynamic channel allocation methods.
• The Resource allocation techniques can be further expanded to include
• Code Division Multiple access (CDMA)
• Orthogonal frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
• Etc….
• Need to decide physical factor for maintaining the pre determined QoS
in the individual cell beam width
• Increase Capacity while conserving bandwidth
• Collaborative effort with other agencies to share unused bandwidth can
economic benefits

12. Questions
• Redundancy versus Resource Allocation