Defination, types, importance of research methods. Characteristics, methods of research, Qualitative & Quantitative research, Objectives of research, difference of research methods, research in pharmacy, criteria for good research
Research Methodology Introduction ch1
MEANING OF RESEARCH, OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH,TYPES OF RESEARCH,Research Approaches ,Research Methods versus Methodology,research process guideline:
Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Methods DesignThiyagu K
A Research Design is simply a structural framework of various research methods as well as techniques that are utilized by a researcher. This presentation slides explain the resign design of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method design.
What is and what isn’t a good research question? Discover how to develop an impactful and significant research question by asking the right questions related to your field and area of study. This is a presentation developed through the Graduate Resource Center at the University of New Mexico.
A literature review is a
“critical analysis of a segment of a published body of knowledge through summary, classification, and comparison of prior research studies, reviews of literature, and theoretical articles”
Intro to Biomedical Research - Basic Concepts
- How to be a good doctor - A step in Health promotion
- By Ibrahim A. Abdelhaleem - Zagazig Medical Research Society (ZMRS)
This is lesson 2 of the course on Research Methodology conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Research Methodology Introduction ch1
MEANING OF RESEARCH, OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH,TYPES OF RESEARCH,Research Approaches ,Research Methods versus Methodology,research process guideline:
Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Methods DesignThiyagu K
A Research Design is simply a structural framework of various research methods as well as techniques that are utilized by a researcher. This presentation slides explain the resign design of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method design.
What is and what isn’t a good research question? Discover how to develop an impactful and significant research question by asking the right questions related to your field and area of study. This is a presentation developed through the Graduate Resource Center at the University of New Mexico.
A literature review is a
“critical analysis of a segment of a published body of knowledge through summary, classification, and comparison of prior research studies, reviews of literature, and theoretical articles”
Intro to Biomedical Research - Basic Concepts
- How to be a good doctor - A step in Health promotion
- By Ibrahim A. Abdelhaleem - Zagazig Medical Research Society (ZMRS)
This is lesson 2 of the course on Research Methodology conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
This PPt tells about Types of Research, Introduction Nature of qualitative and quantitative research, Research in functional areas of management, Process of Research
Research Methodology_UNIT_I_General Research Methodology M. Pharm (IIIrd Sem.)Prachi Pandey
General Research Methodology: Research, objective, requirements, practical
difficulties, review of literature, study design, types of studies, strategies to eliminate
errors/bias, controls, randomization, crossover design, placebo, blinding techniques.
Research, Types and objectives of research Bindu Kshtriya
This presentation is regarding the basics of research method, about the voyage of research, steps included in research, types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative conceptual, empirical historical conclusion oriented etc
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
3. Thirst for knowledge through objectives
A particular way of studying something in order to
discover new information about it or understand it
better using scientific methods
A systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and
control the observed phenomenon. Research is an
organized and systematic way to find answers to
questions
Research is a creative process…….
4. Research is done with the help of study, experiment,
observation, analysis, comparison, and reasoning.
Research is in fact ubiquitous.
e.g. We know that cigarette smoking is injurious to
health; heroine is addictive; cow dung is a useful source of
biogas; malaria is due to the virus protozoan plasmodium;
AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is due to
the virus HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus).
How did we know all these?
We became aware of all these information only through
research.
More precisely, it seeks predictions of events,
explanations, relationships and theories for them.
5. Engineering Research
Engineering research is based on the principles of
scientific research which, in turn, are based on the
scientific method, in which observations
(experiments), theories, calculations and models
are derived from the existing body of scientific
knowledge and verified independently by others
who are experts in the field (peer reviewer).
6.
To discover new facts
To verify and test important facts
To analyze an event or process or phenomenon to
identify the cause and effect relationship
To develop new scientific tools, concepts and theories
to solve and understand scientific and nonscientific
problems
To overcome or solve the problems occurring in our
every day life.
Prime objectives of research
7. Some of the motivations are the following:
To get a research degree (Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)) along with its benefits
like better employment, promotion, increment in salary, etc.
To get a research degree and then to get a teaching position in a college or
university or become a scientist in a research institution
To get a research position in other countries and settle there
To solve the unsolved and challenging problems
To get joy of doing some creative work
To acquire respectability
To get recognition
Curiosity to find out the unknown facts of an event
Curiosity to find new things
To serve the society by solving social problems.
What Makes People do Research?
10.
Research methods are the strategies,
processes or techniques utilized in the
collection of data or evidence for analysis
in order to uncover new information or
create better understanding of a topic.
What are research methods?
11.
Research involves inductive and deductive
methods.
Inductive research methods are used to analyze
the observed phenomenon whereas, deductive
methods are used to verify the observed
phenomenon.
Inductive approaches are associated with
qualitative research and deductive methods are
more commonly associated with quantitative
research
Research methods
14.
Qualitative Research
Qualitative Research gathers data about lived
experiences, emotions or behaviors, and the meanings
individuals attach to them. It assists in enabling
researchers to gain a better understanding of complex
concepts, social interactions or cultural phenomena.
People’s judgements, feelings of comfort, emotions,
ideas, beliefs etc. can only be described in words. These
record qualities rather than quantities, hence they are
called qualitative data
15.
This type of research is useful in the exploration of how or why
things have occurred, interpreting events and describing actions.
E.g. Explaining how digestion of food takes place in our body is
a qualitative description. It does not involve any numbers or
data and quantities.
The detection of a particular compound is a qualitative analysis.
This can be done by carrying out physical or chemical tests.
Qualitative Research
16. This is a non- statistical research method.
Qualitative research is heavily dependent on the
experience of the researchers and the questions used
to probe the sample.
The sample size is usually restricted to 6-10 people in
a sample. Open-ended questions are asked in a
manner that one question leads to another. The
purpose of asking open-ended questions is to gather
as much information as possible from the sample.
Characteristics of
Qualitative Research
17.
It is non-numerical, descriptive, applies reasoning
and uses words.
Its aim is to get the meaning, feeling and describe the
situation.
Qualitative data cannot be graphed.
It is exploratory.
It investigates the why and how of decision making.
Characteristics of
Qualitative Research
18. Issues can be examined in detail and depth.
The researcher is not restricted to specific questions or
lists.
The research framework and direction can be quickly
revised as new information emerges.
Methods are adaptable for use with a wide range of
subjects. For example, visual representation and mapping
exercises can be done with people with low levels of
literacy.
Data collection can be more informal, relaxed, and fun,
which encourages subjects to participate in the research.
Research can be done with an analytical mind along with
pen and paper. Computer skills may not be needed.
20.
Qualitative methods used
for data collection
Observations: On-site, in-context or role-play options.
Interviews: these can be structured, semi-structured or
unstructured in-depth sessions with the researcher and
a participant.
Focus groups: with several participants discussing a
particular topic or a set of questions. Researchers can
be facilitators or observers.
Surveys or questionnaires: which ask the same
questions to large numbers of participants
21.
Quantitative Research
Deal with numbers and anything that can be dealt with a
measurable form, in a systematic way of investigating the
phenomenon. It is used to answer questions in terms of
justifying relationships with measurable variables to
either explain, predict or control a phenomenon.
E.g. Determination of exact amount of a particular
compound present in a volume is essentially quantitative
analysis. This can be done by volumetric, gravimetric and
colorimetric methods or instrumental methods.
Experimental and simulation studies are generally
quantitative research.
22.
Gathers numerical data which can be ranked, measured or
categorized through statistical analysis.
Assists with uncovering patterns or relationships, and for
making generalizations.
This type of research is useful for finding out how many,
how much, how often, or to what extent.
It is an iterative process whereby evidence is evaluated. The
goal of quantitative method is to determine whether
predictive generalization of theory hold is true.
The results are often presented in tables and graphs.
It is conclusive.
Characteristics of
Quantitative Research
23.
Quantitative methods for data
collection
Experiments: testing hypotheses in laboratories, testing cause
and effect relationships, through field experiments, or via
quasi- or natural experiments.
Surveys or questionnaires: which ask the same questions to
large numbers of participants or use Likert scales which
measure opinions as numerical data.
Observation: which can either involve counting the number
of times a specific phenomenon occurs, or the coding of
observational data in order to translate it into numbers.
Document screening: sourcing numerical data from financial
reports or counting word occurrences.
24.
Mixed Methods Research
Integrates both Qualitative and Quantitative
Research.
It provides a holistic approach combining and
analyzing the statistical data with deeper
contextualized insights.
Enables Triangulation, or verification, of the data
from two or more sources.
E.g: You can interview a selection of participants
from those you have surveyed to determine why
they answered in a particular manner.
25.
Qualitative vs quantitative
Qualitative means focusing on qualities –
usually with small samples studied in depth
Quantitative usually means statistical – often
with large samples
Disadvantage with qualitative approaches is
that case(s) studied may be untypical and can’t
be used for statistical generalisation
Disadvantage with statistical approaches is that
the data on each case is often very superficial
26. If one wishes to investigate why certain data
are random then it is a qualitative research. If
the aim is to study how random the data is,
what is the mean, variance and distribution
function then it becomes quantitative.
Often best to use both approaches. This is
known as “mixed methods”
Qualitative research is exploratory i.e.
hypothesis-generating while quantitative
research is more focused and aims to test
hypotheses