Research methods
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This document discusses research methods and the importance of research. It notes that research aims to increase knowledge and discover answers to questions through creative and systematic work. Research provides the basis for government policies, helps solve business problems, and addresses social issues. It also helps students earn PhDs. Motivations for research include curiosity, a desire to understand causes and effects, and a desire to solve problems or do creative work. Good research must be logical, empirical, use common concepts, and have a design that aligns with its objectives. Limitations include data that may not be fully valid or adequate to support conclusions, the inability to analyze all influencing factors, and samples that may not be truly representative.
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This document provides an overview of qualitative research methods, including:
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- Data collection methods include interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and analysis involves coding data into themes and concepts.
- Qualitative research aims to gather rich descriptive data rather than numerical data, and the researcher plays a role in data collection and interpretation.
Research Methods
There are three main types of research: basic research, epidemiological research, and clinical research. The basic steps of research involve identifying the problem, planning the study design, implementing the plan by collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and reporting findings. Key aspects of the research process include formulating hypotheses, selecting appropriate study variables and objectives, choosing a study design, collecting and processing data, analyzing results, and writing proposals.
Lecture-2 Scientific Research and Research Methods
The document provides an outline for a lecture on scientific research and research methods. It defines scientific research as a rigorous process of testing theories through objective methods and findings. It discusses key principles of scientific research including asking empirical questions, linking to relevant theory, using appropriate research designs and methods, providing a replicable chain of reasoning, and publicly reporting results. It also covers common conceptions of scientific research, the scientific method involving observation, hypothesis, testing, and predictions. Finally, it discusses research methodology, quantitative and qualitative methods, and factors that influence method choice.
Data and data collection in qualitative research
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This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research as a systematic process of collecting and analyzing information to generate valid and trustworthy knowledge. The document outlines the objectives, characteristics, types and structure of research. It discusses different types of research including applied, fundamental, descriptive, correlational and explanatory research. It also covers quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The significance and importance of research methodology are emphasized.
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Research methods
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3) Research can be experimental, involving manipulation of independent variables and control groups, or correlational, exploring relationships between variables without proving causation through surveys and observation. Proper sampling, operationalization, and statistical analysis are important.
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Research methodology provides guidance on conducting research systematically and scientifically. It explains both qualitative and quantitative research methods and the steps of the research process, including defining the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. Key aspects of research methodology include formulating testable hypotheses, designing studies (e.g. experiments) to test hypotheses, and using statistical analysis to accept or reject null hypotheses.
Research methodology
This document discusses various aspects of research, including:
1. What is research and its key characteristics such as being systematic and aimed at finding new knowledge.
2. Examples of activities that can and cannot be classified as research. Participating in a workshop would not be considered research, while systematically investigating an issue like car dashboard sounds through data collection and analysis would be.
3. The basic steps involved in the research process from defining the problem to analyzing and reporting findings.
4. Additional topics covered include the objectives, problems, and types of research. The document provides an overview of researching as a systematic process for discovering new knowledge.
Quantitative reseach method
The document provides an overview of quantitative research methodology. It discusses key concepts including population, sampling, samples, and qualitative scales. Specifically, it defines population as any complete group with at least one characteristic in common. It explains that sampling is used to select a subset of a population for a study. The document also outlines different types of measurement scales in quantitative research including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales.
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This document defines research and discusses research methodology. It states that research is a systematic and organized way to find answers to questions. It involves following a set of procedures and steps in a planned and structured manner. The document discusses different types of research including quantitative, qualitative, descriptive, comparative, and action research. It provides definitions of research and methodology, stating that methodology encompasses the methods as well as the social and philosophical context. The document emphasizes that research should be focused on problems that encourage enthusiasm and interest in order to make meaningful contributions.
3.Qualitative data collection techniques by elmusharaf
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By the end of this presentation you should be able to:
Describe different types of data collection techniques
Demonstrate dimensions , type of observations and how to prepare and conduct observation
Understand the practical communication skills for interviews to ask good questions , probe and follow up questions .
Able to prepare for interview
Understand the characteristics and uses of focus group discussions
Conduct focus group discussions
8 Elements In A Research Proposal
The document outlines the 8 key elements that should be included in a research proposal:
1) Background of the study which establishes the context and area of research.
2) Statement of the problem which describes the research question or problem being addressed.
3) Objectives which state what the research aims to accomplish.
4) Significance which explains why the research is important.
5) Limitations which specify the boundaries and scope of the research.
6) Definition of terms which explains key concepts.
7) Literature review which shows awareness of previous related work.
8) Methodology which describes the data, procedures, and justification of methods.
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Qualitative research uses words rather than numbers to understand phenomena through interviews, observations and documents. It is useful when little is known about a condition or environment. Some key characteristics of qualitative research include studying things in their natural settings, using the researcher as the instrument of data collection, collecting multiple sources of data, and analyzing data inductively to identify themes. Mixed-methods research combines qualitative and quantitative approaches by collecting and analyzing both types of data sequentially or concurrently.
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The document discusses research, including defining research, purposes of research, and challenges in research. It notes that research refers to a systematic search for knowledge on a specific topic through scientific investigation and data collection. The main aims of research are to discover unknown truths and answers to questions. When selecting a research topic, researchers should choose something they are interested in that is suitable for research. The document also outlines some problems researchers face in India, such as a lack of training in research methodology and timely access to information.
Research methodology
1) Research is a systematic process of investigation to discover answers to problems through objective and verifiable methods. It aims to increase knowledge and understanding.
2) Social work research plays a key role in strengthening the scientific basis of the profession by validating concepts, theories, and methods through empirical testing. It also evaluates social work programs and identifies client needs and available resources.
3) Quantitative research collects numerical data to explain phenomena through statistical analysis. It aims to quantify observations in an objective manner that can be repeated. Qualitative research seeks to understand why people behave as they do through non-numerical data.
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This document outlines the key steps in the research methodology process. It defines research as a systematic effort to gain new knowledge. The main steps include: reviewing existing literature, identifying problems, setting objectives and hypotheses, planning the methodology, executing the research, analyzing data, drawing inferences, and disseminating findings. It also discusses defining the research problem precisely, formulating objectives, conducting a literature review to learn from past studies, and concluding the research by summarizing the findings and their significance.
Research methods
1) Research methods are the foundation of psychology as a science and involve exploring questions through various studies and experiments.
2) There are common biases and effects that can skew research, such as hindsight bias, overconfidence, and the Barnum effect. Researchers must account for these to ensure valid results.
3) Research can be experimental, involving manipulation of independent variables and control groups, or correlational, exploring relationships between variables without proving causation through surveys and observation. Proper sampling, operationalization, and statistical analysis are important.
introduction Research methodology
Research methodology provides guidance on conducting research systematically and scientifically. It explains both qualitative and quantitative research methods and the steps of the research process, including defining the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. Key aspects of research methodology include formulating testable hypotheses, designing studies (e.g. experiments) to test hypotheses, and using statistical analysis to accept or reject null hypotheses.
Research methodology
This document discusses various aspects of research, including:
1. What is research and its key characteristics such as being systematic and aimed at finding new knowledge.
2. Examples of activities that can and cannot be classified as research. Participating in a workshop would not be considered research, while systematically investigating an issue like car dashboard sounds through data collection and analysis would be.
3. The basic steps involved in the research process from defining the problem to analyzing and reporting findings.
4. Additional topics covered include the objectives, problems, and types of research. The document provides an overview of researching as a systematic process for discovering new knowledge.
Quantitative reseach method
The document provides an overview of quantitative research methodology. It discusses key concepts including population, sampling, samples, and qualitative scales. Specifically, it defines population as any complete group with at least one characteristic in common. It explains that sampling is used to select a subset of a population for a study. The document also outlines different types of measurement scales in quantitative research including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales.
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This document discusses research methods and design. It defines research as a systematic, scientific investigation of a topic to discover new facts or test hypotheses. Research aims to contribute new knowledge through carefully defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions. The key objectives of research are exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis testing. Characteristics of good research include being directed, empirical, carefully recorded and reported. The common steps in research are formulating the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, deciding design, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting conclusions.
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This document provides an overview of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as focusing on understanding human behavior and reasons for behavior through words rather than numbers. The document outlines different qualitative research approaches like phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, biographical studies, and case studies. It compares qualitative and quantitative research and discusses qualitative research purposes, methods of data collection including interviews, observations, documents, and focus groups. The document also covers qualitative sampling strategies, designing a qualitative study, and concerns of qualitative researchers.
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This document defines research and discusses research methodology. It states that research is a systematic and organized way to find answers to questions. It involves following a set of procedures and steps in a planned and structured manner. The document discusses different types of research including quantitative, qualitative, descriptive, comparative, and action research. It provides definitions of research and methodology, stating that methodology encompasses the methods as well as the social and philosophical context. The document emphasizes that research should be focused on problems that encourage enthusiasm and interest in order to make meaningful contributions.
3.Qualitative data collection techniques by elmusharaf
3.Qualitative data collection techniques by elmusharafReproductive & Child Health Research Unit (RCRU)
By the end of this presentation you should be able to:
Describe different types of data collection techniques
Demonstrate dimensions , type of observations and how to prepare and conduct observation
Understand the practical communication skills for interviews to ask good questions , probe and follow up questions .
Able to prepare for interview
Understand the characteristics and uses of focus group discussions
Conduct focus group discussions
8 Elements In A Research Proposal
The document outlines the 8 key elements that should be included in a research proposal:
1) Background of the study which establishes the context and area of research.
2) Statement of the problem which describes the research question or problem being addressed.
3) Objectives which state what the research aims to accomplish.
4) Significance which explains why the research is important.
5) Limitations which specify the boundaries and scope of the research.
6) Definition of terms which explains key concepts.
7) Literature review which shows awareness of previous related work.
8) Methodology which describes the data, procedures, and justification of methods.
Tools of data collection
the ppt is useful for candidates of paper 3 of SET/NET exams in India and researchers at initial level.
Research types
This document provides an overview of different types of research designs, including quantitative, qualitative, experimental, correlational, and survey designs. For experimental design, it discusses concepts like independent and dependent variables, experimental and control groups, and how random assignment is used. For correlational design, it explains how this design examines relationships between variables without manipulation or group assignment. Survey design is described as collecting data through questionnaires or interviews to describe characteristics of a population.
Qualitative research
This document discusses and compares qualitative and quantitative research methods. It notes that while qualitative and quantitative data can both be measured and coded, the key difference is that qualitative research is exploratory and inductive while quantitative research is confirmatory and deductive. Some common qualitative methods discussed include grounded theory, ethnography, phenomenology, and field research. Strengths of qualitative research include a focus on detail and perspective, while weaknesses include reduced objectivity, reliability and generalizability compared to quantitative methods. The document encourages researchers to consider their research goals and constraints when choosing between qualitative and quantitative approaches.
Qualitative & Mixed Methods Research
Qualitative research uses words rather than numbers to understand phenomena through interviews, observations and documents. It is useful when little is known about a condition or environment. Some key characteristics of qualitative research include studying things in their natural settings, using the researcher as the instrument of data collection, collecting multiple sources of data, and analyzing data inductively to identify themes. Mixed-methods research combines qualitative and quantitative approaches by collecting and analyzing both types of data sequentially or concurrently.
Research Ethics
The document discusses the background and definition of research ethics. It defines ethics as norms for conduct that distinguish acceptable from unacceptable behavior. Research ethics refers to rules that define proper conduct for researchers and are aimed at protecting human subjects. The history of modern research ethics is traced back to unethical medical experiments conducted by Nazi doctors during World War 2, which led to the Nuremberg Code establishing ethical principles for research involving human subjects. Other influential documents discussed include the Helsinki Declaration, Belmont Report, and controversies like the Tuskegee Syphilis Study.
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This document outlines Jamal Anwar Taha's seminar on qualitative research methods. It defines qualitative research as focusing on how people interpret and make sense of their experiences. The seminar discusses main types of qualitative research like case studies, grounded theory, phenomenology, and ethnography. It also covers qualitative data collection techniques such as interviews and observation, and methods of analysis including the funnel approach and triangulation to enhance validity. The strengths and challenges of qualitative research are presented, with a conclusion that it aims to understand meanings in specific contexts through rich data collection and analysis.
How to write and Publish Research
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This document outlines the key steps and considerations for determining a research design, including identifying a research problem, assessing available information, developing a theoretical framework, and writing a research proposal. The main steps are to identify the research problem, determine the purpose of the research, develop a theoretical framework, define the research question/hypothesis, identify any limitations or delimitations of the study, and decide on an appropriate methodology. Good research requires a clear statement of objectives, an appropriate methodology, unbiased conduct, sufficient resources, and adherence to ethical standards.
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This document provides an overview of research, including definitions, objectives, types, and methods. It defines research as a systematic, organized process used to increase understanding through investigation. The objectives of research are described as exploration, description, diagnosis, and hypothesis testing. Business research applies the scientific method to solve business problems. The types of business research are applied, which solves specific problems, and basic, which contributes to general knowledge. The scientific research method aims for replicability, precision, falsifiability, and parsimony. Research is important for business decision making, product testing, measuring advertising, and studying competition. It helps management make effective decisions.
what is the research
Research is defined as the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information to increase understanding of a topic. It involves three main stages: planning, data collection, and analysis. There are two main forms of research - basic research which aims to develop a general body of knowledge, and applied research which aims to provide knowledge to influence social policy. Social research uses scientific methods to study human social behavior and is conducted by social scientists. It involves collecting empirical data objectively and systematically to test theories about social phenomena.
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Research Problem
This document discusses selecting and formulating a research problem. It begins by defining a research problem and providing quotes about what constitutes a problem. It then lists sources for identifying problems and criteria for selecting them, including internal criteria like interest and competence and external criteria like researchability and relevance. Steps in problem formulation are outlined, including identifying a broad topic, developing mastery, selecting a specific sub-area, reviewing literature, raising questions, and formulating objectives. Tips are provided for narrowing a topic and evaluating potential problems. The document concludes by noting the importance of clearly defining general and specific research problems.
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The document discusses the political environment's important role in shaping business worldwide. It explains that the political leadership in each country controls how international business occurs within that country. Managers need to understand how to interact between business and government and react to conflicts of interest. The political environment includes all laws, government agencies, and lobbying groups that influence organizations. It also outlines the key responsibilities and relationships between business and government. Finally, it provides steps for managers to establish appropriate political strategies to be successful when dealing with varying degrees of government intervention across different countries.
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Managers achieve organizational goals through directing the activities of others. They perform functions like planning, organizing, controlling and directing. Managers work in organizations, which are social units composed of multiple people working together to achieve common goals. Organizational behavior is the study of how individuals and groups act in organizations and how their behaviors impact organizational effectiveness. It draws from disciplines like psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Models of OB include autocratic, custodial, supportive, collegial, and system models that differ in their focus on factors like power, resources, leadership, teamwork and trust. Common dependent variables studied in OB are productivity, absenteeism, turnover, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors. Independent variables can exist
ORGANISATION BEHAVIOURmodule 2
Individual behavior in organizations is influenced by many personal and environmental factors. Personal factors include an individual's personality, perceptions, attitudes, values, and learning. Environmental factors that influence behavior include organizational elements like leadership, structure, and rewards as well as broader sociocultural factors. Understanding individual behavior requires studying all the factors that shape personality and influence how people react in different situations.
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Individual behavior in organizations is influenced by many personal and environmental factors. Personal factors include an individual's personality, perceptions, attitudes, values, and learning. Environmental factors that influence behavior include political, economic, socio-cultural, and technological factors within the environment as well as organizational factors like structure, leadership, and rewards. To understand human behavior in organizations, it is important to carefully study all the factors that influence individual behavior.
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This document discusses the internal and external business environments that organizations must interact with. The internal environment includes factors under an organization's control like personnel, facilities, and brand image. The external environment includes factors outside an organization's control like economic, government/legal, social, and technological conditions. Both internal and external environments present opportunities and threats and must be understood to develop business strategies. The micro external environment specifically includes customers, competitors, public groups, and marketing intermediaries that directly influence the organization.
Collective bargaining case study
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Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition – LIM – June 2024 OECD discussion
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It talks about disaster management in a helful way.
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【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Carrer goals.pptx and their importance in real life
Career goals serve as a roadmap for individuals, guiding them toward achieving long-term professional aspirations and personal fulfillment. Establishing clear career goals enables professionals to focus their efforts on developing specific skills, gaining relevant experience, and making strategic decisions that align with their desired career trajectory. By setting both short-term and long-term objectives, individuals can systematically track their progress, make necessary adjustments, and stay motivated. Short-term goals often include acquiring new qualifications, mastering particular competencies, or securing a specific role, while long-term goals might encompass reaching executive positions, becoming industry experts, or launching entrepreneurial ventures.
Moreover, having well-defined career goals fosters a sense of purpose and direction, enhancing job satisfaction and overall productivity. It encourages continuous learning and adaptation, as professionals remain attuned to industry trends and evolving job market demands. Career goals also facilitate better time management and resource allocation, as individuals prioritize tasks and opportunities that advance their professional growth. In addition, articulating career goals can aid in networking and mentorship, as it allows individuals to communicate their aspirations clearly to potential mentors, colleagues, and employers, thereby opening doors to valuable guidance and support. Ultimately, career goals are integral to personal and professional development, driving individuals toward sustained success and fulfillment in their chosen fields.
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations – ROBSON – June 202...
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.IEEE CIS Webinar Sustainable futures.pdf
The importance of sustainable and efficient computational practices in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning has become increasingly critical. This webinar focuses on the intersection of sustainability and AI, highlighting the significance of energy-efficient deep learning, innovative randomization techniques in neural networks, the potential of reservoir computing, and the cutting-edge realm of neuromorphic computing. This webinar aims to connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications and provide insights into how these innovative approaches can lead to more robust, efficient, and environmentally conscious AI systems.
Webinar Speaker: Prof. Claudio Gallicchio, Assistant Professor, University of Pisa
Claudio Gallicchio is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Pisa, Italy. His research involves merging concepts from Deep Learning, Dynamical Systems, and Randomized Neural Systems, and he has co-authored over 100 scientific publications on the subject. He is the founder of the IEEE CIS Task Force on Reservoir Computing, and the co-founder and chair of the IEEE Task Force on Randomization-based Neural Networks and Learning Systems. He is an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS).
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Slides on 7 Commonly Used Presentation Softwares; thier usage and features.
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Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition – SCHREPEL – June 2024 OECD dis...
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This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
原版制作贝德福特大学毕业证（bedfordhire毕业证）硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【贝德福特大学毕业证（bedfordhire毕业证）硕士文凭】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Research methods
- 1. Research Methods Muhammed Sajid N, Academic Associate, Indian Institute Of Management Kozhikode sajidnasar4@gmail.com
- 2. Research Research comprises "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.
- 3. Research It is a search for knowledge Aims at discovering the truth Powerful tool in leading men towards progress Undertaken to discover answers to questions
- 4. Why research is important? Research provides basis for government policies. Helps in solving various operational and planning problems of business and industry. Helps in solving social problems. Secures Ph.D to the students who prepare for that degree.
- 5. Motivation factors of Research Curiosity about unknown Desire to understand the cause and effect relationship Desire to get a research degree Desire to get joy of doing some creative work Desire to face challenge in solving the unsolved problem Desire to do some service to the society
- 6. What are the qualities of a good research? GOOD RESEARCH LOGICAL EMPIRICAL COMMON COCEPTS MUST BE FOLLOWED RESEARCH DESIGN MUST COP UP WITH THE OBJECTIVE
- 7. What are the qualities of a Researcher?
- 9. Cntd… Conclusions in research are based upon data collected . Therefore when the data collected are not valid or adequate ,the conclusion will not be conclusive or appropriate. Research results in theory. There are many variables which are important from the point of view of theoretical statement . But many of these variables are not of practical use. Activities in a society are influenced by various internal and external factors . Under ordinary circumstances research has a limited scope to analyze all such factors.
- 10. Cntd… Small organizations cannot afford to have research on various issues. Many people in society depend on customs , traditions , routines and practices for taking decision ; instead of going for research. Research is usually based on sample studies . But in many cases samples are not true representatives . Therefore the research reports based on these samples may not be accurate.