This PPt tells about Types of Research, Introduction Nature of qualitative and quantitative research, Research in functional areas of management, Process of Research
Research methodology at students of university
OBJECTIVE
To explain the concept of Educational Research
To describe the scope of Educational Research
To Identity fundamental research
Research, Types and objectives of research Bindu Kshtriya
This presentation is regarding the basics of research method, about the voyage of research, steps included in research, types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative conceptual, empirical historical conclusion oriented etc
Research methodology at students of university
OBJECTIVE
To explain the concept of Educational Research
To describe the scope of Educational Research
To Identity fundamental research
Research, Types and objectives of research Bindu Kshtriya
This presentation is regarding the basics of research method, about the voyage of research, steps included in research, types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative conceptual, empirical historical conclusion oriented etc
Different Methods of Collection of DataP. Veeresha
Data collection is a term used to describe a process of preparing and collecting data.
Data are the basic inputs to any decision making process in any fields like education, business, industries…. etc
The primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in character. It is real time data and which are collected by the researcher himself.
Secondary data means data that are already available i.e., they refer to the data which have already been collected and analyzed by someone else.
Research and scientific method - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
For a clear perception of the term research, one should know the meaning of scientific method. The two terms, research and scientific method, are closely related.
In this all about the descriptive and analytical research...you can find the definitions and explanations from this document.... I am uploading this document for the other students who face the problems to find data about th descriptive and analytical research.... i hope you can get this data of research easily...thanks
Different Methods of Collection of DataP. Veeresha
Data collection is a term used to describe a process of preparing and collecting data.
Data are the basic inputs to any decision making process in any fields like education, business, industries…. etc
The primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in character. It is real time data and which are collected by the researcher himself.
Secondary data means data that are already available i.e., they refer to the data which have already been collected and analyzed by someone else.
Research and scientific method - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
For a clear perception of the term research, one should know the meaning of scientific method. The two terms, research and scientific method, are closely related.
In this all about the descriptive and analytical research...you can find the definitions and explanations from this document.... I am uploading this document for the other students who face the problems to find data about th descriptive and analytical research.... i hope you can get this data of research easily...thanks
Business Research Methodology on SAMSUNG .docxAmanHamza4
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
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students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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2. Agenda
✔Types of Research
✔ Formulating a Research
Question
✔ Nature of qualitative and
quantitative research
✔ Process of Research
✔ Formulation of Research Design
Collected by #DipaliMeher
4. Types of Research : Descriptive vs. Analytical
Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds.
The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at
present.
The main characteristic of this method is that the researcher has no control over the
variables; he can only report what has happened or what is happening. Ex post facto
research projects are used for descriptive studies in which the researcher seeks to measure
such items as,
for example, frequency of shopping, preferences of people, or similar data.
Ex post facto studies also include attempts by researchers to discover causes even when
they cannot control the variables. The methods of research utilized in descriptive research
are survey methods of all kinds, including comparative and correlational methods. In
analytical research, on the other hand, the researcher has to use facts or information
already available, and analyze these to make a critical evaluation of the material.
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5. Types of Research : Applied vs. Fundamental
Research can either be applied (or action) research or fundamental (to basic or pure)
research.
Applied research aims at finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an
industrial/business organisation, fundamental research is mainly concerned with
generalisations and with the formulation of a theory.
“Gathering knowledge for knowledge’s sake is termed ‘pure’ or ‘basic’ research.” Research
concerning some natural phenomenon or relating to pure mathematics are examples of
fundamental research. Similarly, research studies, concerning human behaviour carried on
with a view to make generalisations about human behaviour, are also examples of
fundamental research, but research aimed at certain conclusions (say, a solution) facing a
concrete social or business problem is an example of applied research.
The central aim of applied research is to discover a solution for some pressing practical
problem, whereas basic research is directed towards finding information that has a broad
base of applications and thus, adds to the already existing organized body of scientific
knowledge.
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6. Types of Research : Conceptual vs. Empirical
Conceptual research is that related to some abstract idea(s) or theory. It is generally used by philosophers and
thinkers to develop new concepts or to reinterpret existing ones.
Empirical research relies on experience or observation alone, often without due regard for system and theory.
It is data-based research, coming up with conclusions which are capable of being verified by observation or
experiment. We can also call it as experimental type of research. In such a research it is necessary to get at
facts firsthand, at their source, and actively to go about doing certain things to stimulate the production of
desired information.
In such a research, the researcher must first provide himself with a working hypothesis or guess as to the
probable results.
He then works to get enough facts (data) to prove or disprove his hypothesis. He then sets up experimental
designs which he thinks will manipulate the persons or the materials concerned
so as to bring forth the desired information. Such research is thus characterised by the experimenter’s control
over the variables under study and his deliberate manipulation of one of them to study its effects. Empirical
research is appropriate when proof is sought that certain variables affect other variables in some way.
Evidence gathered through experiments or empirical studies is today considered to be the most powerful
support possible for a given hypothesis.
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7. Types of Research : Quantitative vs. Qualitative
Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount. It is applicable to phenomena that can be
expressed in terms of quantity.
Qualitative research, on the other hand, is concerned with qualitative phenomenon, i.e., phenomena relating to or
involving quality or kind. For instance, when we are interested in investigating the reasons for human behaviour (i.e.,
why people think or do certain things), we quite often talk of ‘Motivation Research’, an important type of qualitative
research.
This type of research aims at discovering the underlying motives and desires, using in depth interviews for the purpose.
Other techniques of such research are word association tests, sentence completion tests, story completion tests and
similar other projective techniques. Attitude or opinion research i.e., research designed to find out how people feel or
what they think about a particular subject or institution is also qualitative research.
Qualitative research is specially important in the behavioural sciences where the aim is to discover the underlying
motives of human behaviour.
Through such research we can analyse the various factors which motivate people to behave in a particular manner or
which make people like or dislike a particular thing. It may be stated, however, that to apply qualitative research in
practice is relatively a difficult job and therefore, while doing such research, one should seek guidance from
experimental psychologists.
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9. Difference Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
A method for developing a better understanding of
human and social sciences, in understanding human
behavior and personalities better
It is the method used to generate numerical data by
using a lot of techniques such as logical, statistical
and mathematical techniques
It employs a subjective approach It employs an objective approach
It is generally expressed using words It is expressed using graphs and numbers
It has open-ended questions It has multiple choice questions
Qualitative research needs only a few respondents Quantitative research requires many respondents
The data collection methods involved are interviews,
focus groups, literature review, ethnography
The data collection methods involved are
experiments, surveys, and observations expressed
in numbers
Qualitative research is holistic in nature Quantitative Research is particularistic in nature
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10. Difference Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
The reasoning used to synthesize data in this research
is inductive
The reasoning used to synthesise data in this
research is deductive
This method involves a process-oriented inquiry This method does not involve a process-oriented
inquiry
It develops the initial understanding of data It recommends a final course of action
The data taken in the Qualitative research method is
pretty verbal
The data taken in this method is pretty measurable
The objective of this research method is to engage and
discover various ideas
The main objective of Quantitative research is to
examine the cause and effect between the variables
It is one of the exploratory research methods It is a conclusive research method
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11. Types of Research : Other Types of Research
⮚Based on any variations of above methods
⮚Based on the purpose of research,
⮚Based on the time required to accomplish research
⮚Based on the environment in which research is done
⮚Based on the basis of some other similar factor.
⮚ one-time research or longitudinal research.
⮚ field-setting research or laboratory research or simulation research
⮚ clinical or diagnostic research.( Case study Approach)
⮚ Exploratory research- has hypothesis
⮚ Historical research- historical sources like documents
⮚ Conclusion-oriented
⮚ Decision-oriented
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12. Research Method Vs Research Methodology
Research methods may be understood as all those methods/techniques that are
used for conduction of research.
Research methods or techniques use in performing research operations
all those methods which are used by the researcher during the course of studying
his research problem are termed as research methods.
Such as data collection, analysis methods and accuracy methods used to measure
accuracy in data as well as in result.
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem.
(analysis and accuracy methods)
12
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13. #DipaliMeher
RESEARCH METHOD RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methods are the methods used by researchers
to collect data to conduct research on a particular
research topic.
A Research methodology is systematic approach to solve
the research problem and to reach a new conclusion.
The objective of the research method is to find the
solution.
The objective of the research methodology is to
determine the solution by applying correct procedures of
research.
Research methods are useful to apply during the latter
stage of the research process.
Research methodologies are applied in the initial stage of
the research being conducted.
Research methods are small part of research
methodology.
A Research methodology is a multi-dimensional concept.
Research methods consist of various techniques where
various studies and experiments are used to conduct
research and reach an appropriate conclusion.
Research methodologies are used applied during the
initial stage of the research to explain the purpose of
chosen methods and how they will serve its function.
Research methods consist of different investigation
techniques.
Research methodologies is a systematic strategy to
achieve the decided objective.
Research method encompasses of carrying out an
experiment, survey, test and so on.
Research methodology encompasses different
techniques which are used during the performance of the
experiment, surveys, and test, etc.
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15. Model of Research Process
Experience and
Motivation
Literature Review
Research
Questions(s)
Conceptual
Framework
Survey
Design &
Creation
Experiment
Case Study
Action Research
Ethnography
interviews
Observation
Questionnaires
Documents
Quantitative
Qualitative
Data
Generation
Methods
Data Analysis
Strategies
15
Usually
1:1
often
1:N
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16. Model of Research Process: Strategies
Survey Design & Creation Experiment
Case Study Action Research Ethnography
16
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17. Model of Research Process: Strategies
Survey
Example : For instance, as an
organization looking to find out how
many persons are using your product
in a particular location, you can
administer survey research to collect
useful quantitative data. Other
quantitative research methods
include polls, face-to-face interviews,
and systematic observation.
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18. Model of Research Process: Strategies
Example : - Artefacts
Models Methods
Procedures Algorithms
software hardware
Design & Creation
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19. Model of Research Process: Strategies
Example :
After second dose of
vaccination very few
peoples are affected
by covid-19
Experiment
19
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20. Model of Research Process: Strategies
Example: foot ware sale
in Australia
ASMA Group of institutes
CaseStudy
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21. Model of Research Process: Strategies
Example: Would
differently types of
learning enhance student
understanding.
CBCS course pattern is
the best example
Action Research
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22. Model of Research Process: Strategies
Example : stack
overflow
Ethnography
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23. References
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Research methodology techniques and methods
https://ccsuniversity.ac.in/bridge-library/pdf/Research-Methodology-CR-
Kothari.pdf by New age International publishers. By C. R Kothari
Researching Information Systems and Computing Sage Publications by
Oates B J