Research and development (R&D) is a process used to develop and validate educational products. It aims to find new knowledge through basic research and answer practical problems through applied research. The R&D process consists of studying research findings, developing a product based on those findings, field testing the product where it will be used, and revising it based on feedback. Borg and Gall's 1989 model of R&D is a longitudinal process that seeks to find, develop, and validate educational products.

1. Research and
Development (R & D)
Borg and Gall Model
(1989)
Presented by: A. Najib Tuanany

2. Research and Development
(R & D)
Definition
▸ A process used to develop and validate educational
products.
▸ It is also called Research Based Development, which
is appear as a strategy in order to increase the
educationa quality, beside to develop and to validate
the education output.
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3. ▸R & D is also aim to find new
science through “basic
research” and to answer
special questions about
practical problems through
“applied research” which is
used to increase educational
practices.
▸R & D is benefit to produce
coaching skill models as the
efforts
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4. R & D Consist of:
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Studying research findings pertinent to the product to be developed
Developing the product based on the finding
Field testing it in the setting where it will be used eventually
Revising it to correct the deficiencies found in the fielf
testing stage

5. “Research and Development in Education
▸Educational research and development is
a process used to develop and validate
educational product.
Borg & Gall (1989)

6. Purposes
▸ To find
▸ To develop
▸ To validate a product
Thus R & D research is longitudinal.
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7. Approach Steps
Borg dan Gall (1989: 783-795)
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8. Procedures
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9. Product Results
Educational products produced can be in the form of:
▸ Specific curricula for certain educational needs,
▸ Teaching methods,
▸ Educational media,
▸ Textbooks,
▸ Modules,
▸ Educational staff competencies,
▸ Evaluation systems,
▸ Competency test models,
▸ Classroom arrangement for specific learning
models,
▸ Production unit models,
▸ Management model,
▸ Employee development system,
▸ Payroll system and others (Sugiyono: 2009).
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