SlideShare a Scribd company logo
QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
A/Professor Denis McLaughlin
School of Educational Leadership
QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
You have a book of readings with relevant extracts from the following books.
They must be read
1. Dey, I (1993) Qualitative data analysis, London: Routledge
2. Miles, M & Huberman, A (1984). Qualitative data analysis, Newbury park:
Sage
3. Miles, M & Huberman, A (1994). Qualitative data analysis : An expanded
source book (2nd
edition), Thousand Oakes: Sage
4. Coffey, A. & Atkinson, P.(1996).Making sense of qualitative data,
Thousand Oaes: Sage
5. Marshall, C. & Rossman, G. (1989).Designing qualitative research.
Newbury Park: Sage
6. Tesch, R. (1990). Qualitative research, New York: Falmer Press
7. Creswell, J. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design, Thousand
Oaks: Sage
8. Creswell, J. (2002). Analyzing and interpreting qualitative data (pp256-
283). In J Creswell, Educational research, Thousand Oaks: Sage
9. Maykut, P. & Morehouse, R. (1994) Qualitative data analysis: using the
constant comparative method , In P. Maykut & R. Morehouse, Beginning
qualitative research, London Falmer Press
RESEARCH STRATEGY IDENTIFICATION
RESEARCH PROBLEM
RESEARCH PURPOSE
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
ISSUES TO BE EXPLORED
APPROPRIATE TECHNIQUES
OVERVIEW OF QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
Data
Collectio
n
Data
display
Data
reduction
Conclusions:
drawing /
verifying
(Miles & Huberman, 1984; 1994)
INTERACTIVE PROCESS OF DATA ANALYSIS
Data collection
Data display
Reflection on Data
Data Coding
Generation of Themes
Story interpretation
Research Conclusions
SIMULTANEOUSITERATIVE
Data distillation (reduction
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS (Dey, 1993)
describing
ClassifyingConnecting
Qualitative analysis as an iterative spiral
Dey, 1993
DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURES
In this section of your Design chapter mention the
following characteristics of the process
Data analysis is an eclectic process (Tesch,1990)
1. Occurs simultaneously and iterative with
data collection, data interpretation and report
writing (Creswell, 2002; Miles & Huberman, 1984)
2. Is based on the on data reduction and
interpretation -decontextualisation &
recontextualisation (Marshall & Rossman, 1989; Tesch, 1990)
2. Data Analysis Procedures
3. Represents information in matrices-displays of
information , spatial format that presents information
systematically to reader
1. (Miles and Huberman, 1984)
A I page example of this must be placed in this chapter eventually
• Display categories by informants, sites and other …
• Tables of tabular information showing relationships among
categories of information
4. Identifies the coding procedure to be used
to reduce information to themes /
categories (Read Tesch, 1990, pp142-145).
Categorisation and Themes
1. Constant comparative content analysis
2. Themes generated from the literature review
3. Themes embedded in instrument questions
4. Themes embedded in research questions
5. Combination of any of above
DATA ORGANISATION(Miles & Huberman, 1994)
DEVELOP MATRICES : VISUAL IMAGES OF INFORMATION
Comparison tables –themes, participants, sites
Heirarchical trees visually representing themes &
their relations
Figures in boxes to indicate the processes, time
sequence, evolution of themes
Organising the data by type interviews, observations, documents
Organising by participants or sites combinations
See Michael Dredge’s Power point at the end of this sequence on this issue

DATA ANALYSIS
MANUAL
LESS THAN 500 PAGES OF TRANSCRIPTS OR FIELD NOTES
WANT TO “FEEL” CLOSE TO DATA
CANNOT AFFORD TO HAVE ALL INTERVIEWS TRANSCRIBED
(4 HRS TO TRANSCRIBE 1 HR TAPE INTERVIEW)
COMPUTER
MORE THAN 500 PAGES OF DATA
CAN AFFORD PROGRAM AND TRANSCRIBER
ATLAS.ti
QSR N5 (NUD8IST 5.0)
NVivo
Ethnograph
WinMAX
HyperResearch
CODING DATA (see Tesch, pp142 -145)
1. Get sense of whole: read all carefully
2. Pick one document “what is its underlying meaning” write thoughts themes in
margin
3. Do this for several informants; Cluster together similar topics; arrange topics into
major topics, unique topics, left overs
4. Revisit data with topics; Abbreviate the topics as codes; Re-analyse. Do new
codes emerge?
5. Turn topics into themes
6. Reduce number of themes by grouping similar themes
7. Diagrammatize the basics of the numbers 5 & 6
8. Finalise abbreviations- alphabetise codes
9. Perform preliminary analysis on material belonging to each theme
10. If necessary, recode existing data
Always include in your design chapter a page of text (exhibit 4.x)
illustrating the how you code the text
Read
text
data
Divide text
into segments
of information
Code
segments
Reduce
Codes
Collapse
codes
into
themes
Many
pages of
texts
Many
segments
of texts
30 – 40
codes
Codes
reduced
to 20
Codes reduced
to 5 -7 themes
CODING PROCESS (Creswell, 2002)
(Matrix example)
Description of Data Analysis (Matrix example)
Initial data analysis
Major and minor topics
Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3 Theme 4
Final interpretation
In your analysis chapter you would present a diagram such as this at the beginning but with
actual contextual material to illustrate the flow of your analysis. You would “flag” this
overview in your Design chapter and refer specifically to it
Stage 1
Data collection, display
reflection
Stage 2
Data coding & distillation
Stage 3
Generation
of key
themes
Stage 4
Story report &
conclusions
Data
Collection
Techniques
Stages for Data Collection (Matrix example)
Exploratory
Phase
Step 1a: Initial Exploratory Survey – Conducted in 1998
1st
Visit to PNG; Meet various stakeholders – SSSP graduates, personnel from tertiary
institutions, NDOE, parents etc
Step 1b: Analyze responses for trends and patterns
Step 2: Select stratified sample from step 1 according to predetermined criteria for individual
interviews
•recipients in employment
•recipients at universities
•recipients at vocational institutions
Individual
In-depth
Interviews
Focus
Groups
Step 3: Interview selected sample
Step 4: Focus groups at universities and colleges
Step 5: Analyse data collected in step 3 and 4
Step 6: Interview selected officials, personnel from tertiary institutions, employers, parents &
guardians
Documentary
&
Final
analysis
Step 7: Analyse official interviews
Step 8: Analyse interviews of secondary sources
Step 9: Document analysis
Step 10 Final analysis

More Related Content

What's hot

Reserch Methodolgy - research design
Reserch Methodolgy - research designReserch Methodolgy - research design
Reserch Methodolgy - research design
Aruna Poddar
 
GROUNDED THEORY
GROUNDED THEORYGROUNDED THEORY
GROUNDED THEORY
MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR
 
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysisQualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
Vijayalakshmi Murugesan
 
Mixed methods research. newpptx
Mixed methods research. newpptxMixed methods research. newpptx
Mixed methods research. newpptx
muhammad abu bakr
 
Research methodology
Research methodologyResearch methodology
Research methodology
Balaji Krishnan
 
Ethnography
EthnographyEthnography
Ethnography
wawaaa789
 
Qualitative Data Analysis
Qualitative Data  AnalysisQualitative Data  Analysis
Qualitative Data Analysis
Maisa Rahman
 
TSLB3143 Topic 1e Ethnography Research
TSLB3143 Topic 1e Ethnography ResearchTSLB3143 Topic 1e Ethnography Research
TSLB3143 Topic 1e Ethnography Research
Yee Bee Choo
 
Ppt on research design
Ppt on research designPpt on research design
Ppt on research design
Satakshi Kaushik
 
Mixed method research
Mixed method researchMixed method research
Mixed method research
mathewrebecca
 
THEMATIC ANALYSIS.pptx
THEMATIC ANALYSIS.pptxTHEMATIC ANALYSIS.pptx
THEMATIC ANALYSIS.pptx
ammarmohiuddeen
 
Grounded theory research
Grounded theory researchGrounded theory research
Grounded theory research
Dr. Hina Kaynat
 
Grounded Theory
Grounded Theory Grounded Theory
Grounded Theory
Ghulam Hasnain
 
Grounded Theory Qualitative Research MethodPpt
Grounded Theory Qualitative Research MethodPptGrounded Theory Qualitative Research MethodPpt
Grounded Theory Qualitative Research MethodPpt
Quratulain974670
 
Qualitative research
Qualitative researchQualitative research
Qualitative research
PUNJABI UNIVERSITY
 
Presentation on the characteristic of scientific research 1
Presentation on the characteristic of scientific research 1Presentation on the characteristic of scientific research 1
Presentation on the characteristic of scientific research 1
Junesh Acharya
 
Data analysis – qualitative data presentation 2
Data analysis – qualitative data   presentation 2Data analysis – qualitative data   presentation 2
Data analysis – qualitative data presentation 2Azura Zaki
 
Mixed methods designs
Mixed methods designs Mixed methods designs
Mixed methods designs
faisal khallab
 
Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research MethodsQualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research MethodsJukka Peltokoski
 
Grounded theory
Grounded theoryGrounded theory
Grounded theory
Shahid Mehmood
 

What's hot (20)

Reserch Methodolgy - research design
Reserch Methodolgy - research designReserch Methodolgy - research design
Reserch Methodolgy - research design
 
GROUNDED THEORY
GROUNDED THEORYGROUNDED THEORY
GROUNDED THEORY
 
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysisQualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
 
Mixed methods research. newpptx
Mixed methods research. newpptxMixed methods research. newpptx
Mixed methods research. newpptx
 
Research methodology
Research methodologyResearch methodology
Research methodology
 
Ethnography
EthnographyEthnography
Ethnography
 
Qualitative Data Analysis
Qualitative Data  AnalysisQualitative Data  Analysis
Qualitative Data Analysis
 
TSLB3143 Topic 1e Ethnography Research
TSLB3143 Topic 1e Ethnography ResearchTSLB3143 Topic 1e Ethnography Research
TSLB3143 Topic 1e Ethnography Research
 
Ppt on research design
Ppt on research designPpt on research design
Ppt on research design
 
Mixed method research
Mixed method researchMixed method research
Mixed method research
 
THEMATIC ANALYSIS.pptx
THEMATIC ANALYSIS.pptxTHEMATIC ANALYSIS.pptx
THEMATIC ANALYSIS.pptx
 
Grounded theory research
Grounded theory researchGrounded theory research
Grounded theory research
 
Grounded Theory
Grounded Theory Grounded Theory
Grounded Theory
 
Grounded Theory Qualitative Research MethodPpt
Grounded Theory Qualitative Research MethodPptGrounded Theory Qualitative Research MethodPpt
Grounded Theory Qualitative Research MethodPpt
 
Qualitative research
Qualitative researchQualitative research
Qualitative research
 
Presentation on the characteristic of scientific research 1
Presentation on the characteristic of scientific research 1Presentation on the characteristic of scientific research 1
Presentation on the characteristic of scientific research 1
 
Data analysis – qualitative data presentation 2
Data analysis – qualitative data   presentation 2Data analysis – qualitative data   presentation 2
Data analysis – qualitative data presentation 2
 
Mixed methods designs
Mixed methods designs Mixed methods designs
Mixed methods designs
 
Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research MethodsQualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research Methods
 
Grounded theory
Grounded theoryGrounded theory
Grounded theory
 

Viewers also liked

Research analysis: getting more from your data
Research analysis: getting more from your dataResearch analysis: getting more from your data
Research analysis: getting more from your data
cxpartners
 
Analysis of data in research
Analysis of data in researchAnalysis of data in research
Analysis of data in research
Abhijeet Birari
 
Data analysis chapter 18 from the companion website for educational research
Data analysis   chapter 18 from the companion website for educational researchData analysis   chapter 18 from the companion website for educational research
Data analysis chapter 18 from the companion website for educational research
Yamith José Fandiño Parra
 
Qualitative Data Analysis (Steps)
Qualitative Data Analysis (Steps)Qualitative Data Analysis (Steps)
Qualitative Data Analysis (Steps)
guest7f1ad678
 
Data analysis powerpoint
Data analysis powerpointData analysis powerpoint
Data analysis powerpointSarah Hallum
 
Qualitative data analysis
Qualitative data analysisQualitative data analysis
Qualitative data analysis
Tilahun Nigatu Haregu
 
Data analysis powerpoint
Data analysis powerpointData analysis powerpoint
Data analysis powerpointjamiebrandon
 

Viewers also liked (8)

Research analysis: getting more from your data
Research analysis: getting more from your dataResearch analysis: getting more from your data
Research analysis: getting more from your data
 
Analysis of data in research
Analysis of data in researchAnalysis of data in research
Analysis of data in research
 
Data analysis chapter 18 from the companion website for educational research
Data analysis   chapter 18 from the companion website for educational researchData analysis   chapter 18 from the companion website for educational research
Data analysis chapter 18 from the companion website for educational research
 
Qualitative Data Analysis (Steps)
Qualitative Data Analysis (Steps)Qualitative Data Analysis (Steps)
Qualitative Data Analysis (Steps)
 
Data analysis powerpoint
Data analysis powerpointData analysis powerpoint
Data analysis powerpoint
 
Qualitative data analysis
Qualitative data analysisQualitative data analysis
Qualitative data analysis
 
Data analysis powerpoint
Data analysis powerpointData analysis powerpoint
Data analysis powerpoint
 
Chapter 10-DATA ANALYSIS & PRESENTATION
Chapter 10-DATA ANALYSIS & PRESENTATIONChapter 10-DATA ANALYSIS & PRESENTATION
Chapter 10-DATA ANALYSIS & PRESENTATION
 

Similar to Qualitative data analysis

Qualitative research, lab report overview, and review of lectures 1 to 7
Qualitative research, lab report overview, and review of lectures 1 to 7Qualitative research, lab report overview, and review of lectures 1 to 7
Qualitative research, lab report overview, and review of lectures 1 to 7
James Neill
 
Running head GRAD 699 TEMPLATE1GRAD 699 TEMPLATE19.docx
Running head GRAD 699 TEMPLATE1GRAD 699 TEMPLATE19.docxRunning head GRAD 699 TEMPLATE1GRAD 699 TEMPLATE19.docx
Running head GRAD 699 TEMPLATE1GRAD 699 TEMPLATE19.docx
cowinhelen
 
Dr.saleem gul assignment summary
Dr.saleem gul assignment summaryDr.saleem gul assignment summary
Dr.saleem gul assignment summary
Javed Riza
 
Information Skills For Researchers V3
Information Skills For Researchers V3Information Skills For Researchers V3
Information Skills For Researchers V3Jacqueline Thomas
 
chapter session 2.6 data analysis28,11.ppt
chapter session 2.6 data analysis28,11.pptchapter session 2.6 data analysis28,11.ppt
chapter session 2.6 data analysis28,11.ppt
etebarkhmichale
 
Thesis Writing by ARS 08-05-2022.pptx
Thesis Writing by ARS 08-05-2022.pptxThesis Writing by ARS 08-05-2022.pptx
Thesis Writing by ARS 08-05-2022.pptx
Ajit Shinde
 
Nurs 508 ass i, pls grounded theory
Nurs 508 ass i, pls grounded theoryNurs 508 ass i, pls grounded theory
Nurs 508 ass i, pls grounded theoryJJ Bellcote
 
Educational Research
Educational ResearchEducational Research
Educational Research
Sanjay Chandwani
 
MELJUN CORTES research lectures_apa_format_terminal_reports
MELJUN CORTES research lectures_apa_format_terminal_reportsMELJUN CORTES research lectures_apa_format_terminal_reports
MELJUN CORTES research lectures_apa_format_terminal_reports
MELJUN CORTES
 
Qualitative Data Analysis
Qualitative Data AnalysisQualitative Data Analysis
Qualitative Data Analysis
Melati Akmilia
 
Technical & Research Writing (English)
Technical & Research Writing (English)Technical & Research Writing (English)
Technical & Research Writing (English)Jamil AlKhatib
 
4. Do you know how to develop your research design and methodology?
4. Do you know how to develop your research design and methodology?4. Do you know how to develop your research design and methodology?
4. Do you know how to develop your research design and methodology?
DoctoralNet Limited
 
03 reviewing literature(1)
03 reviewing literature(1)03 reviewing literature(1)
03 reviewing literature(1)
Fraz Ali
 
Research Design Part I I Updated Summer 0
Research  Design  Part  I I Updated  Summer 0Research  Design  Part  I I Updated  Summer 0
Research Design Part I I Updated Summer 0Glenn E. Malone, EdD
 
8. preparing your thesis proposal
8. preparing your thesis proposal8. preparing your thesis proposal
8. preparing your thesis proposalRudy Flores
 
Analysing_quantitative_data.ppt
Analysing_quantitative_data.pptAnalysing_quantitative_data.ppt
Analysing_quantitative_data.ppt
teweldemezigebu
 
Analysing_quantitative_data.ppt
Analysing_quantitative_data.pptAnalysing_quantitative_data.ppt
Analysing_quantitative_data.ppt
Traveller Backpaker
 
Are You Ready to Write Up Your Quantitative Data?
 Are You Ready to Write Up Your Quantitative Data? Are You Ready to Write Up Your Quantitative Data?
Are You Ready to Write Up Your Quantitative Data?
DoctoralNet Limited
 
Writing scientific paper
Writing scientific paperWriting scientific paper
Writing scientific paper
Ali A.Radwan
 

Similar to Qualitative data analysis (20)

Qualitative research, lab report overview, and review of lectures 1 to 7
Qualitative research, lab report overview, and review of lectures 1 to 7Qualitative research, lab report overview, and review of lectures 1 to 7
Qualitative research, lab report overview, and review of lectures 1 to 7
 
Running head GRAD 699 TEMPLATE1GRAD 699 TEMPLATE19.docx
Running head GRAD 699 TEMPLATE1GRAD 699 TEMPLATE19.docxRunning head GRAD 699 TEMPLATE1GRAD 699 TEMPLATE19.docx
Running head GRAD 699 TEMPLATE1GRAD 699 TEMPLATE19.docx
 
Dr.saleem gul assignment summary
Dr.saleem gul assignment summaryDr.saleem gul assignment summary
Dr.saleem gul assignment summary
 
Information Skills For Researchers V3
Information Skills For Researchers V3Information Skills For Researchers V3
Information Skills For Researchers V3
 
chapter session 2.6 data analysis28,11.ppt
chapter session 2.6 data analysis28,11.pptchapter session 2.6 data analysis28,11.ppt
chapter session 2.6 data analysis28,11.ppt
 
Thesis Writing by ARS 08-05-2022.pptx
Thesis Writing by ARS 08-05-2022.pptxThesis Writing by ARS 08-05-2022.pptx
Thesis Writing by ARS 08-05-2022.pptx
 
Grounded theory
Grounded theoryGrounded theory
Grounded theory
 
Nurs 508 ass i, pls grounded theory
Nurs 508 ass i, pls grounded theoryNurs 508 ass i, pls grounded theory
Nurs 508 ass i, pls grounded theory
 
Educational Research
Educational ResearchEducational Research
Educational Research
 
MELJUN CORTES research lectures_apa_format_terminal_reports
MELJUN CORTES research lectures_apa_format_terminal_reportsMELJUN CORTES research lectures_apa_format_terminal_reports
MELJUN CORTES research lectures_apa_format_terminal_reports
 
Qualitative Data Analysis
Qualitative Data AnalysisQualitative Data Analysis
Qualitative Data Analysis
 
Technical & Research Writing (English)
Technical & Research Writing (English)Technical & Research Writing (English)
Technical & Research Writing (English)
 
4. Do you know how to develop your research design and methodology?
4. Do you know how to develop your research design and methodology?4. Do you know how to develop your research design and methodology?
4. Do you know how to develop your research design and methodology?
 
03 reviewing literature(1)
03 reviewing literature(1)03 reviewing literature(1)
03 reviewing literature(1)
 
Research Design Part I I Updated Summer 0
Research  Design  Part  I I Updated  Summer 0Research  Design  Part  I I Updated  Summer 0
Research Design Part I I Updated Summer 0
 
8. preparing your thesis proposal
8. preparing your thesis proposal8. preparing your thesis proposal
8. preparing your thesis proposal
 
Analysing_quantitative_data.ppt
Analysing_quantitative_data.pptAnalysing_quantitative_data.ppt
Analysing_quantitative_data.ppt
 
Analysing_quantitative_data.ppt
Analysing_quantitative_data.pptAnalysing_quantitative_data.ppt
Analysing_quantitative_data.ppt
 
Are You Ready to Write Up Your Quantitative Data?
 Are You Ready to Write Up Your Quantitative Data? Are You Ready to Write Up Your Quantitative Data?
Are You Ready to Write Up Your Quantitative Data?
 
Writing scientific paper
Writing scientific paperWriting scientific paper
Writing scientific paper
 

Recently uploaded

Leading Change strategies and insights for effective change management pdf 1.pdf
Leading Change strategies and insights for effective change management pdf 1.pdfLeading Change strategies and insights for effective change management pdf 1.pdf
Leading Change strategies and insights for effective change management pdf 1.pdf
OnBoard
 
By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024
By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024
By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024
Pierluigi Pugliese
 
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with Parameters
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersEssentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with Parameters
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with Parameters
Safe Software
 
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 preview
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewState of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 preview
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 preview
Prayukth K V
 
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4
DianaGray10
 
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.
ViralQR
 
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Nexer Digital
 
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™
UiPathCommunity
 
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...
sonjaschweigert1
 
Unsubscribed: Combat Subscription Fatigue With a Membership Mentality by Head...
Unsubscribed: Combat Subscription Fatigue With a Membership Mentality by Head...Unsubscribed: Combat Subscription Fatigue With a Membership Mentality by Head...
Unsubscribed: Combat Subscription Fatigue With a Membership Mentality by Head...
Product School
 
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdfSmart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf
91mobiles
 
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object Calisthenics
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsElevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object Calisthenics
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object Calisthenics
Dorra BARTAGUIZ
 
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: FIDO Security Aspects.pdf
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: FIDO Security Aspects.pdfFIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: FIDO Security Aspects.pdf
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: FIDO Security Aspects.pdf
FIDO Alliance
 
Quantum Computing: Current Landscape and the Future Role of APIs
Quantum Computing: Current Landscape and the Future Role of APIsQuantum Computing: Current Landscape and the Future Role of APIs
Quantum Computing: Current Landscape and the Future Role of APIs
Vlad Stirbu
 
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to Production
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionGenerative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to Production
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to Production
Aggregage
 
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfObservability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Paige Cruz
 
Bits & Pixels using AI for Good.........
Bits & Pixels using AI for Good.........Bits & Pixels using AI for Good.........
Bits & Pixels using AI for Good.........
Alison B. Lowndes
 
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA Connect
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectDevOps and Testing slides at DASA Connect
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA Connect
Kari Kakkonen
 
Secstrike : Reverse Engineering & Pwnable tools for CTF.pptx
Secstrike : Reverse Engineering & Pwnable tools for CTF.pptxSecstrike : Reverse Engineering & Pwnable tools for CTF.pptx
Secstrike : Reverse Engineering & Pwnable tools for CTF.pptx
nkrafacyberclub
 
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...
BookNet Canada
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Leading Change strategies and insights for effective change management pdf 1.pdf
Leading Change strategies and insights for effective change management pdf 1.pdfLeading Change strategies and insights for effective change management pdf 1.pdf
Leading Change strategies and insights for effective change management pdf 1.pdf
 
By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024
By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024
By Design, not by Accident - Agile Venture Bolzano 2024
 
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with Parameters
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersEssentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with Parameters
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with Parameters
 
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 preview
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewState of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 preview
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 preview
 
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4
 
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.
 
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
Elizabeth Buie - Older adults: Are we really designing for our future selves?
 
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™
 
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...
 
Unsubscribed: Combat Subscription Fatigue With a Membership Mentality by Head...
Unsubscribed: Combat Subscription Fatigue With a Membership Mentality by Head...Unsubscribed: Combat Subscription Fatigue With a Membership Mentality by Head...
Unsubscribed: Combat Subscription Fatigue With a Membership Mentality by Head...
 
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdfSmart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf
 
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object Calisthenics
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsElevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object Calisthenics
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object Calisthenics
 
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: FIDO Security Aspects.pdf
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: FIDO Security Aspects.pdfFIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: FIDO Security Aspects.pdf
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: FIDO Security Aspects.pdf
 
Quantum Computing: Current Landscape and the Future Role of APIs
Quantum Computing: Current Landscape and the Future Role of APIsQuantum Computing: Current Landscape and the Future Role of APIs
Quantum Computing: Current Landscape and the Future Role of APIs
 
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to Production
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionGenerative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to Production
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to Production
 
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfObservability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
 
Bits & Pixels using AI for Good.........
Bits & Pixels using AI for Good.........Bits & Pixels using AI for Good.........
Bits & Pixels using AI for Good.........
 
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA Connect
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectDevOps and Testing slides at DASA Connect
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA Connect
 
Secstrike : Reverse Engineering & Pwnable tools for CTF.pptx
Secstrike : Reverse Engineering & Pwnable tools for CTF.pptxSecstrike : Reverse Engineering & Pwnable tools for CTF.pptx
Secstrike : Reverse Engineering & Pwnable tools for CTF.pptx
 
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...
 

Qualitative data analysis

  • 1. QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS A/Professor Denis McLaughlin School of Educational Leadership
  • 2. QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS You have a book of readings with relevant extracts from the following books. They must be read 1. Dey, I (1993) Qualitative data analysis, London: Routledge 2. Miles, M & Huberman, A (1984). Qualitative data analysis, Newbury park: Sage 3. Miles, M & Huberman, A (1994). Qualitative data analysis : An expanded source book (2nd edition), Thousand Oakes: Sage 4. Coffey, A. & Atkinson, P.(1996).Making sense of qualitative data, Thousand Oaes: Sage 5. Marshall, C. & Rossman, G. (1989).Designing qualitative research. Newbury Park: Sage 6. Tesch, R. (1990). Qualitative research, New York: Falmer Press 7. Creswell, J. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design, Thousand Oaks: Sage 8. Creswell, J. (2002). Analyzing and interpreting qualitative data (pp256- 283). In J Creswell, Educational research, Thousand Oaks: Sage 9. Maykut, P. & Morehouse, R. (1994) Qualitative data analysis: using the constant comparative method , In P. Maykut & R. Morehouse, Beginning qualitative research, London Falmer Press
  • 3. RESEARCH STRATEGY IDENTIFICATION RESEARCH PROBLEM RESEARCH PURPOSE RESEARCH QUESTIONS ISSUES TO BE EXPLORED APPROPRIATE TECHNIQUES
  • 4. OVERVIEW OF QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS Data Collectio n Data display Data reduction Conclusions: drawing / verifying (Miles & Huberman, 1984; 1994)
  • 5. INTERACTIVE PROCESS OF DATA ANALYSIS Data collection Data display Reflection on Data Data Coding Generation of Themes Story interpretation Research Conclusions SIMULTANEOUSITERATIVE Data distillation (reduction
  • 6. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS (Dey, 1993) describing ClassifyingConnecting
  • 7. Qualitative analysis as an iterative spiral Dey, 1993
  • 8. DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURES In this section of your Design chapter mention the following characteristics of the process Data analysis is an eclectic process (Tesch,1990) 1. Occurs simultaneously and iterative with data collection, data interpretation and report writing (Creswell, 2002; Miles & Huberman, 1984) 2. Is based on the on data reduction and interpretation -decontextualisation & recontextualisation (Marshall & Rossman, 1989; Tesch, 1990)
  • 9. 2. Data Analysis Procedures 3. Represents information in matrices-displays of information , spatial format that presents information systematically to reader 1. (Miles and Huberman, 1984) A I page example of this must be placed in this chapter eventually • Display categories by informants, sites and other … • Tables of tabular information showing relationships among categories of information 4. Identifies the coding procedure to be used to reduce information to themes / categories (Read Tesch, 1990, pp142-145).
  • 10. Categorisation and Themes 1. Constant comparative content analysis 2. Themes generated from the literature review 3. Themes embedded in instrument questions 4. Themes embedded in research questions 5. Combination of any of above
  • 11. DATA ORGANISATION(Miles & Huberman, 1994) DEVELOP MATRICES : VISUAL IMAGES OF INFORMATION Comparison tables –themes, participants, sites Heirarchical trees visually representing themes & their relations Figures in boxes to indicate the processes, time sequence, evolution of themes Organising the data by type interviews, observations, documents Organising by participants or sites combinations See Michael Dredge’s Power point at the end of this sequence on this issue 
  • 12. DATA ANALYSIS MANUAL LESS THAN 500 PAGES OF TRANSCRIPTS OR FIELD NOTES WANT TO “FEEL” CLOSE TO DATA CANNOT AFFORD TO HAVE ALL INTERVIEWS TRANSCRIBED (4 HRS TO TRANSCRIBE 1 HR TAPE INTERVIEW) COMPUTER MORE THAN 500 PAGES OF DATA CAN AFFORD PROGRAM AND TRANSCRIBER ATLAS.ti QSR N5 (NUD8IST 5.0) NVivo Ethnograph WinMAX HyperResearch
  • 13. CODING DATA (see Tesch, pp142 -145) 1. Get sense of whole: read all carefully 2. Pick one document “what is its underlying meaning” write thoughts themes in margin 3. Do this for several informants; Cluster together similar topics; arrange topics into major topics, unique topics, left overs 4. Revisit data with topics; Abbreviate the topics as codes; Re-analyse. Do new codes emerge? 5. Turn topics into themes 6. Reduce number of themes by grouping similar themes 7. Diagrammatize the basics of the numbers 5 & 6 8. Finalise abbreviations- alphabetise codes 9. Perform preliminary analysis on material belonging to each theme 10. If necessary, recode existing data Always include in your design chapter a page of text (exhibit 4.x) illustrating the how you code the text
  • 14. Read text data Divide text into segments of information Code segments Reduce Codes Collapse codes into themes Many pages of texts Many segments of texts 30 – 40 codes Codes reduced to 20 Codes reduced to 5 -7 themes CODING PROCESS (Creswell, 2002) (Matrix example)
  • 15. Description of Data Analysis (Matrix example) Initial data analysis Major and minor topics Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3 Theme 4 Final interpretation In your analysis chapter you would present a diagram such as this at the beginning but with actual contextual material to illustrate the flow of your analysis. You would “flag” this overview in your Design chapter and refer specifically to it Stage 1 Data collection, display reflection Stage 2 Data coding & distillation Stage 3 Generation of key themes Stage 4 Story report & conclusions
  • 16. Data Collection Techniques Stages for Data Collection (Matrix example) Exploratory Phase Step 1a: Initial Exploratory Survey – Conducted in 1998 1st Visit to PNG; Meet various stakeholders – SSSP graduates, personnel from tertiary institutions, NDOE, parents etc Step 1b: Analyze responses for trends and patterns Step 2: Select stratified sample from step 1 according to predetermined criteria for individual interviews •recipients in employment •recipients at universities •recipients at vocational institutions Individual In-depth Interviews Focus Groups Step 3: Interview selected sample Step 4: Focus groups at universities and colleges Step 5: Analyse data collected in step 3 and 4 Step 6: Interview selected officials, personnel from tertiary institutions, employers, parents & guardians Documentary & Final analysis Step 7: Analyse official interviews Step 8: Analyse interviews of secondary sources Step 9: Document analysis Step 10 Final analysis