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Removal of Arsenic from Aqueous Solution using Both Fly Ash and Bottom Ash as Adsorbents by Column Studies
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Synthesized soda ash was prepared by Solvay process with different molar ratio for application of water softening process. In urban utilization, water supply is very important for safe condition. In this research, Box Behnken experimental design was employed for optimization of soda ash. The maximum yield percent of 19.882 of soda ash was obtained by the reaction salt to ammonium hydroxide to carbon dioxide 1 3 6.8 during the reaction time 90 min. The synthesized soda ash was analyzed by X ray diffraction XRD , Scanning Electron Microscope SEM , Energy Dispersive X ray Fluorescence EDXRF and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR . Soda ash obtained from optimum condition was applied in water softening of tap water. According to the experimental results of water softening process, the maximum removal of hardness of water was observed at 3 ml of 10 lime solution with 20 ml of 5 of soda ash solution for 1000 ml of water. After treated the lime soda process, the total hardness of water was reduced to initial condition of 255 ppm to 24 ppm. Su Mon Tun | May Myat Khine | Khin Thidar Cho "Statistical Optimization of Synthetic Soda Ash for Water Softening" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27841.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/chemical-engineering/27841/statistical-optimization-of-synthetic-soda-ash-for-water-softening/su-mon-tun
Statistical Optimization of Synthetic Soda Ash for Water Softening
Statistical Optimization of Synthetic Soda Ash for Water Softening
ijtsrd
https://irjet.net/archives/V4/i8/IRJET-V4I8383.pdf
Characterization and Comparative Adsorption Studies of Activated Carbon and S...
Characterization and Comparative Adsorption Studies of Activated Carbon and S...
IRJET Journal
Iron is rarely found in its elemental form in nature due to the high tendency of its ions, Fe(II) and Fe(III), to form oxygen and sulphur containing compounds. Concentrations of iron found in surface waters are typically no greater than 1 mg/L, unless contaminated by industrial effluents, whilst much higher concentrations are found in ground waters. The World Health Organization guideline for iron in drinking water is 0.3 mg/L as undesirable bacteria growth in water systems occurs above this concentration. In this application, the quantitative analysis of iron was performed using the LAMBDA 265™ UV/Vis spectrophotometer and CHEMetrics iron cell test kit.
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers: Iron Determination
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers: Iron Determination
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Project Presentation
Project Presentation
ZI YE
Chromium occurs in water systems in two forms, Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Cr(VI) is of particular interest due to its known carcinogenic nature. In this application, the quantitative analysis of Cr(VI) was accomplished using the LAMBDA™ 265 UV/Vis spectrophotometer and Merck Spectroquant® chromate cell test. The method is analogous to APHA 3500-Cr B and DIN 38405-24 and is USEPA approved for wastewater.
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers Hexavalent Chromium...
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers Hexavalent Chromium...
PerkinElmer, Inc.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
J03601059064
J03601059064
theijes
Rice straw is find out as agricultural waste material labundantly in india. It is also used in paper industry due to it abundantly available in rice-producing countries. Activated carbon of rice straw (ACRS) was used to remove Cr(VI) from waste water. The Batch process were used to evaluate the effect activated carbon of rice straw for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorption studies on pH effect, contact time, adsorbent dose were examined. The removal decreased from 74.2 to 47.2% by increasing the Cr(VI) concentration from 1.5 to 5.0 mg/l. Removal, however, decreased from 80.3 to 7.2% by increasing the adsorbent particle size from 100 µm to 200 µm. The adsorbed dose of Cr (VI) tend to increase with the increase of pH. It has been found that a low cost and high capabilities of the ACRS make it potentially attractive adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from wastewater.
Removal of Cr (VI) Using Low Cost Activated Carbon Developed By Agricultural ...
Removal of Cr (VI) Using Low Cost Activated Carbon Developed By Agricultural ...
IOSRJAC
In surface waters, phosphorus commonly exists in its phosphate form. A high concentration of phosphate in water is indicative of domestic waste, industrial effluent, and agricultural runoff which can lead to eutrophication. Eutrophication causes an increase in plant and algal growth, which decreases the dissolved oxygen in the water, often leaving the water uninhabitable to organisms. Most phosphates from these human sources are either polyphosphates or organically bound, which eventually degrade to ortho-phosphates (PO4 3−). In this application, the quantitative analysis of ortho-phosphate was performed using the LAMBDA 265™ UV/Vis spectrophotometer and CHEMetrics ortho-phosphate cell test kit.
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers: Ortho-Phosphate De...
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers: Ortho-Phosphate De...
PerkinElmer, Inc.
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Synthesized soda ash was prepared by Solvay process with different molar ratio for application of water softening process. In urban utilization, water supply is very important for safe condition. In this research, Box Behnken experimental design was employed for optimization of soda ash. The maximum yield percent of 19.882 of soda ash was obtained by the reaction salt to ammonium hydroxide to carbon dioxide 1 3 6.8 during the reaction time 90 min. The synthesized soda ash was analyzed by X ray diffraction XRD , Scanning Electron Microscope SEM , Energy Dispersive X ray Fluorescence EDXRF and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR . Soda ash obtained from optimum condition was applied in water softening of tap water. According to the experimental results of water softening process, the maximum removal of hardness of water was observed at 3 ml of 10 lime solution with 20 ml of 5 of soda ash solution for 1000 ml of water. After treated the lime soda process, the total hardness of water was reduced to initial condition of 255 ppm to 24 ppm. Su Mon Tun | May Myat Khine | Khin Thidar Cho "Statistical Optimization of Synthetic Soda Ash for Water Softening" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27841.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/chemical-engineering/27841/statistical-optimization-of-synthetic-soda-ash-for-water-softening/su-mon-tun
Statistical Optimization of Synthetic Soda Ash for Water Softening
Statistical Optimization of Synthetic Soda Ash for Water Softening
ijtsrd
https://irjet.net/archives/V4/i8/IRJET-V4I8383.pdf
Characterization and Comparative Adsorption Studies of Activated Carbon and S...
Characterization and Comparative Adsorption Studies of Activated Carbon and S...
IRJET Journal
Iron is rarely found in its elemental form in nature due to the high tendency of its ions, Fe(II) and Fe(III), to form oxygen and sulphur containing compounds. Concentrations of iron found in surface waters are typically no greater than 1 mg/L, unless contaminated by industrial effluents, whilst much higher concentrations are found in ground waters. The World Health Organization guideline for iron in drinking water is 0.3 mg/L as undesirable bacteria growth in water systems occurs above this concentration. In this application, the quantitative analysis of iron was performed using the LAMBDA 265™ UV/Vis spectrophotometer and CHEMetrics iron cell test kit.
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers: Iron Determination
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers: Iron Determination
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Project Presentation
Project Presentation
ZI YE
Chromium occurs in water systems in two forms, Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Cr(VI) is of particular interest due to its known carcinogenic nature. In this application, the quantitative analysis of Cr(VI) was accomplished using the LAMBDA™ 265 UV/Vis spectrophotometer and Merck Spectroquant® chromate cell test. The method is analogous to APHA 3500-Cr B and DIN 38405-24 and is USEPA approved for wastewater.
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers Hexavalent Chromium...
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers Hexavalent Chromium...
PerkinElmer, Inc.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
J03601059064
J03601059064
theijes
Rice straw is find out as agricultural waste material labundantly in india. It is also used in paper industry due to it abundantly available in rice-producing countries. Activated carbon of rice straw (ACRS) was used to remove Cr(VI) from waste water. The Batch process were used to evaluate the effect activated carbon of rice straw for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorption studies on pH effect, contact time, adsorbent dose were examined. The removal decreased from 74.2 to 47.2% by increasing the Cr(VI) concentration from 1.5 to 5.0 mg/l. Removal, however, decreased from 80.3 to 7.2% by increasing the adsorbent particle size from 100 µm to 200 µm. The adsorbed dose of Cr (VI) tend to increase with the increase of pH. It has been found that a low cost and high capabilities of the ACRS make it potentially attractive adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from wastewater.
Removal of Cr (VI) Using Low Cost Activated Carbon Developed By Agricultural ...
Removal of Cr (VI) Using Low Cost Activated Carbon Developed By Agricultural ...
IOSRJAC
In surface waters, phosphorus commonly exists in its phosphate form. A high concentration of phosphate in water is indicative of domestic waste, industrial effluent, and agricultural runoff which can lead to eutrophication. Eutrophication causes an increase in plant and algal growth, which decreases the dissolved oxygen in the water, often leaving the water uninhabitable to organisms. Most phosphates from these human sources are either polyphosphates or organically bound, which eventually degrade to ortho-phosphates (PO4 3−). In this application, the quantitative analysis of ortho-phosphate was performed using the LAMBDA 265™ UV/Vis spectrophotometer and CHEMetrics ortho-phosphate cell test kit.
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers: Ortho-Phosphate De...
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers: Ortho-Phosphate De...
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) occurs naturally in groundwaters at concentrations below 0.2 mg/L and up to 12 mg/L in surface waters, as a result of decomposition of organic matter. High concentrations of ammonia in surface waters are toxic to aquatic life and are indicative of contamination from industrial effluent, raw sewage and agricultural runoff. Ultimately the pH value of the water determines whether ammonia-nitrogen is found as NH4+, NH4OH or NH3. In this application, the quantitative analysis of ammonia-nitrogen was performed using the LAMBDA 265™ UV/Vis spectrophotometer and CHEMetrics ammonia nitrogen cell test.
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers: Ammonia-Nitrogen D...
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers: Ammonia-Nitrogen D...
PerkinElmer, Inc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Removal of chromium (vi) by activated carbon derived from mangifera indica
Removal of chromium (vi) by activated carbon derived from mangifera indica
eSAT Publishing House
https://irjet.net/archives/V3/i1/IRJET-V3I1156.pdf
Batch Studies Of Adsorptive Removal of Arsenite from Water Using Coconut (Coc...
Batch Studies Of Adsorptive Removal of Arsenite from Water Using Coconut (Coc...
IRJET Journal
Research article
1 s2.0-s2352340918311533-main (1)
1 s2.0-s2352340918311533-main (1)
Atif Khan
In this application, the quantitative analysis of formaldehyde was successfully executed using the LAMBDA™ 265 UV/Vis spectrophotometer and Merck Spectroquant® formaldehyde cell test kit. Principle Formaldehyde reacts with chromotropic acid in sulphuric solution to form a violet dye which can be detected photometrically at 565 nm. The formaldehyde cell test kit is appropriate for the concentration range of 0.10 to 8.00 mg/L formaldehyde allowing the concentration of formaldehyde in a water sample to be determined without the use of a calibration curve by multiplying the measured absorbance at 565 nm by a known factor.
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers: Formaldehyde Deter...
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers: Formaldehyde Deter...
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil Prepared by Prof S S Jahagirdar, Associate Professor, N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech, Solapur
L 2 effluent standards and stream standards
L 2 effluent standards and stream standards
Dr. shrikant jahagirdar
Abstract The mono-azo dye, Orange II, solution was substantially degraded with cast iron particles under varied conditions of experimental variables such as pH, initial dye concentration and cast iron dosage.At all solution pH studied, the degradation efficiency achieved was > 90%. With an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L and optimum cast iron load of 28.56 g/L, the optimum degradation efficiency of 97.63% was achieved at pH 3. With same cast iron load and solution pH, more than 95% dye degradation efficiency was achieved at different initial Orange II concentrations ranging from 50-500 mg/L. The efficiency of cast iron particles in degrading Orange II dye was compared with that of pure elemental iron used in other study. Cast iron particles showed better degradation efficiencies than elemental iron that too at relatively lower dosages. Ultimately, from the results it can be inferred that cast iron fillings can be successfully applied to treat textile effluents containing high dye concentration and treatment efficiency can be enhanced by optimizing the reaction conditions. Index Terms: azo dyes, Orange II, degradation efficiency, cast iron fillings
Degradation of mono azo dye in aqueous solution using cast iron filings
Degradation of mono azo dye in aqueous solution using cast iron filings
eSAT Journals
The presence of iron is probably the most common water problem facing by consumers. So, the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to remove iron (Fe2+) from water. Water with high content of Fe2+ (20 ppm of iron II) was prepared in the laboratory using Iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O), then treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 ppm of hydrogen peroxide as the final concentration in the solution for contact time 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60-minute. Results showed that the average of removal ratio of Fe2+ was 85%-96% at the normal pH range of drinking water. The recommended dose of hydrogen peroxide was 0.1 ppm as a final concentration for 20-minute contact time. The study proved that hydrogen peroxide successfully used for Iron II removal and consider as economic and eco-friendly solution.
REMOVAL OF IRON FROM WATER USING HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
REMOVAL OF IRON FROM WATER USING HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Ahmed Hasham
Arsenic report
Arsenic report
Curtis Emma
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
I0444751
I0444751
IJERA Editor
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Removal of chromium (vi) by activated carbon derived
Removal of chromium (vi) by activated carbon derived
eSAT Publishing House
Completed internship at IIT Kharagpur from 2nd to 22nd June 2016, worked on a project entitled “ Cyanide removal from industrial waste water "
Report on cyanide removal from industrial waste water
Report on cyanide removal from industrial waste water
Utkarsh Sethia
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V6/i3/IRJET-V6I31043.pdf
IRJET- Preparation of Activated Carbon from Polystyrene
IRJET- Preparation of Activated Carbon from Polystyrene
IRJET Journal
A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of LEDIPASVIR and SOFOSBUVIR in tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a c18 column using mobile phase consisting of a mixture of Mixed Phosphate Buffer:ACN (55:45) with detection of 213 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 60-140 µg/ml for LEDIPASVIR oxalate (r2 =0.999) and 6-14 µg /ml for SOFOSBUVIR (r2 =0.996) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim. The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.
A new analytical method development and validation for the simultaneus estima...
A new analytical method development and validation for the simultaneus estima...
SriramNagarajan19
ECRD.IN
A Method For Recovery Of Metal Mercury From Air Pollution Monitoring Laborato...
A Method For Recovery Of Metal Mercury From Air Pollution Monitoring Laborato...
ECRD IN
One of the few refinery mercury management case studies available that I jammed out for HP (have to give some credit to some of the former founders of MMS - now PMG). This case study is truly one of the building blocks of my career and led to the improvement and development of several technologies that started when I was at PSC working with one of the giants and pioneers in mercury fate and transport in hydrocarbon process systems (Dr. Mark Wilhelm - RIP my friend).
Case study: Refinery mercury chemical decontamination in preparation for deco...
Case study: Refinery mercury chemical decontamination in preparation for deco...
ISCT GROUP US LLC
Subitha V , Vanathi M " Fixed Bed Column Study for Removal of Hexavalent Chromium From Aqueous Solution by using Denolix Regia Pods (Flamboyant Pods) ",International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume2,issue-01 April 2015.e-ISSN:2395-0056, p-ISSN:2395-0072. www.irjet.net .published by Fast Track Publications Abstract The contamination of chromium (VI) in water posed severe health issues throughout the world. Several methods are available to remove chromium from aqueous environment but they are not feasible in all places and conditions due to various reasons. Some of the processes are electrochemical precipitation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, reverse osmosis, etc from contaminated water. The development of low cost adsorbent is essential for benefit of the society. In present work, the study on performance of low cost adsorbent such as Denolix regia pods were used in removal of toxic heavy metal hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution was performed. The adsorbent material adopted was found to be efficient media for removal of Chromium (VI) using fixed bed column which was having the total column height of 40cm, diameter of 7cm and a bed height of 30cm. The removal percentage has achieved 49% at optimum condition with the initial concentration of Cr (VI) as 500 mg/ml. The extend of adsorption was investigated as a function of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and adsorption of Cr (VI) was found to be time and concentration dependent.
IRJET-Fixed Bed Column Study for Removal of Hexavalent Chromium From Aqueous ...
IRJET-Fixed Bed Column Study for Removal of Hexavalent Chromium From Aqueous ...
IRJET Journal
Chromium Removal from Tannery Effluent by Using different Alkalis
Tannery Effluent treatment
Tannery Effluent treatment
Billal Hossain
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V6/i2/IRJET-V6I280.pdf
IRJET- Studies on Biosorption of Alizarin Red Dye using Prawn Shell Waste Powder
IRJET- Studies on Biosorption of Alizarin Red Dye using Prawn Shell Waste Powder
IRJET Journal
https://irjet.net/archives/V4/i6/IRJET-V4I6258.pdf
Effective Adsorption of Cadmium (II) Ion on Orange Peels (Citrus Sinensis)
Effective Adsorption of Cadmium (II) Ion on Orange Peels (Citrus Sinensis)
IRJET Journal
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V7/i3/IRJET-V7I31080.pdf
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on Removal of Sulphate ION Concentrati...
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on Removal of Sulphate ION Concentrati...
IRJET Journal
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published. The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
C0350312018
C0350312018
theijes
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Ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) occurs naturally in groundwaters at concentrations below 0.2 mg/L and up to 12 mg/L in surface waters, as a result of decomposition of organic matter. High concentrations of ammonia in surface waters are toxic to aquatic life and are indicative of contamination from industrial effluent, raw sewage and agricultural runoff. Ultimately the pH value of the water determines whether ammonia-nitrogen is found as NH4+, NH4OH or NH3. In this application, the quantitative analysis of ammonia-nitrogen was performed using the LAMBDA 265™ UV/Vis spectrophotometer and CHEMetrics ammonia nitrogen cell test.
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers: Ammonia-Nitrogen D...
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Removal of chromium (vi) by activated carbon derived from mangifera indica
Removal of chromium (vi) by activated carbon derived from mangifera indica
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https://irjet.net/archives/V3/i1/IRJET-V3I1156.pdf
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1 s2.0-s2352340918311533-main (1)
1 s2.0-s2352340918311533-main (1)
Atif Khan
In this application, the quantitative analysis of formaldehyde was successfully executed using the LAMBDA™ 265 UV/Vis spectrophotometer and Merck Spectroquant® formaldehyde cell test kit. Principle Formaldehyde reacts with chromotropic acid in sulphuric solution to form a violet dye which can be detected photometrically at 565 nm. The formaldehyde cell test kit is appropriate for the concentration range of 0.10 to 8.00 mg/L formaldehyde allowing the concentration of formaldehyde in a water sample to be determined without the use of a calibration curve by multiplying the measured absorbance at 565 nm by a known factor.
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers: Formaldehyde Deter...
Water Analysis Using LAMBDA UV/Visible Spectrophotometers: Formaldehyde Deter...
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil Prepared by Prof S S Jahagirdar, Associate Professor, N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech, Solapur
L 2 effluent standards and stream standards
L 2 effluent standards and stream standards
Dr. shrikant jahagirdar
Abstract The mono-azo dye, Orange II, solution was substantially degraded with cast iron particles under varied conditions of experimental variables such as pH, initial dye concentration and cast iron dosage.At all solution pH studied, the degradation efficiency achieved was > 90%. With an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L and optimum cast iron load of 28.56 g/L, the optimum degradation efficiency of 97.63% was achieved at pH 3. With same cast iron load and solution pH, more than 95% dye degradation efficiency was achieved at different initial Orange II concentrations ranging from 50-500 mg/L. The efficiency of cast iron particles in degrading Orange II dye was compared with that of pure elemental iron used in other study. Cast iron particles showed better degradation efficiencies than elemental iron that too at relatively lower dosages. Ultimately, from the results it can be inferred that cast iron fillings can be successfully applied to treat textile effluents containing high dye concentration and treatment efficiency can be enhanced by optimizing the reaction conditions. Index Terms: azo dyes, Orange II, degradation efficiency, cast iron fillings
Degradation of mono azo dye in aqueous solution using cast iron filings
Degradation of mono azo dye in aqueous solution using cast iron filings
eSAT Journals
The presence of iron is probably the most common water problem facing by consumers. So, the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to remove iron (Fe2+) from water. Water with high content of Fe2+ (20 ppm of iron II) was prepared in the laboratory using Iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O), then treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 ppm of hydrogen peroxide as the final concentration in the solution for contact time 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60-minute. Results showed that the average of removal ratio of Fe2+ was 85%-96% at the normal pH range of drinking water. The recommended dose of hydrogen peroxide was 0.1 ppm as a final concentration for 20-minute contact time. The study proved that hydrogen peroxide successfully used for Iron II removal and consider as economic and eco-friendly solution.
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Ahmed Hasham
Arsenic report
Arsenic report
Curtis Emma
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
I0444751
I0444751
IJERA Editor
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Removal of chromium (vi) by activated carbon derived
Removal of chromium (vi) by activated carbon derived
eSAT Publishing House
Completed internship at IIT Kharagpur from 2nd to 22nd June 2016, worked on a project entitled “ Cyanide removal from industrial waste water "
Report on cyanide removal from industrial waste water
Report on cyanide removal from industrial waste water
Utkarsh Sethia
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V6/i3/IRJET-V6I31043.pdf
IRJET- Preparation of Activated Carbon from Polystyrene
IRJET- Preparation of Activated Carbon from Polystyrene
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A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of LEDIPASVIR and SOFOSBUVIR in tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a c18 column using mobile phase consisting of a mixture of Mixed Phosphate Buffer:ACN (55:45) with detection of 213 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 60-140 µg/ml for LEDIPASVIR oxalate (r2 =0.999) and 6-14 µg /ml for SOFOSBUVIR (r2 =0.996) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim. The proposed methods were validated. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels. Recovery experiments indicated the absence of interference from commonly encountered pharmaceutical additives. The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing %RSD less than 2. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.
A new analytical method development and validation for the simultaneus estima...
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A Method For Recovery Of Metal Mercury From Air Pollution Monitoring Laborato...
A Method For Recovery Of Metal Mercury From Air Pollution Monitoring Laborato...
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One of the few refinery mercury management case studies available that I jammed out for HP (have to give some credit to some of the former founders of MMS - now PMG). This case study is truly one of the building blocks of my career and led to the improvement and development of several technologies that started when I was at PSC working with one of the giants and pioneers in mercury fate and transport in hydrocarbon process systems (Dr. Mark Wilhelm - RIP my friend).
Case study: Refinery mercury chemical decontamination in preparation for deco...
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Subitha V , Vanathi M " Fixed Bed Column Study for Removal of Hexavalent Chromium From Aqueous Solution by using Denolix Regia Pods (Flamboyant Pods) ",International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume2,issue-01 April 2015.e-ISSN:2395-0056, p-ISSN:2395-0072. www.irjet.net .published by Fast Track Publications Abstract The contamination of chromium (VI) in water posed severe health issues throughout the world. Several methods are available to remove chromium from aqueous environment but they are not feasible in all places and conditions due to various reasons. Some of the processes are electrochemical precipitation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, reverse osmosis, etc from contaminated water. The development of low cost adsorbent is essential for benefit of the society. In present work, the study on performance of low cost adsorbent such as Denolix regia pods were used in removal of toxic heavy metal hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution was performed. The adsorbent material adopted was found to be efficient media for removal of Chromium (VI) using fixed bed column which was having the total column height of 40cm, diameter of 7cm and a bed height of 30cm. The removal percentage has achieved 49% at optimum condition with the initial concentration of Cr (VI) as 500 mg/ml. The extend of adsorption was investigated as a function of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and adsorption of Cr (VI) was found to be time and concentration dependent.
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In Urea plant passivation air is used in reactor, stripper and downstream of the all equipments. The reactor liner material used Titanium, Zirconium, SS 316L (urea grade), 2RE-69 and duplex material .except Titanium and Zirconium all stainless steel required more passivation air. In CO2 some quantity of Hydrogen is present about 0.14% to 0.2% . The passivation oxygen and Hydrogen makes explosive mixture. To avoid a fire or explosion in a process vessel is to introduce inert (noncombustible) gases in such a way that there is never a mixture with a combustible concentration in exit of MP vent. Mixtures of fuel, oxygen, and inert gases are not combustible over the entire range of composition. In CO2 stripping process the HP scrubber is the risky vessel and this vessel consisting blanketing sphere, Heat exchanger part and a scrubbing part. With help of triangular diagram that shows the shape of the combustible/noncombustible regions for a typical gaseous mixture of fuel, oxygen, and inert at specified temperature and pressure. Present article how to avoid that combustible rang and how to tackle that gases in CO2 & ammonia stripping process.
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PHP and MySQL project on Hall Booking System is a web based project and it has been developed in PHP and MySQL and we can manage Payment, Booking, Inventory, Booking Dates, Customers and Hall from this project. The main objective to develop Hall Booking System PHP, MySQL, JAVA SCRIPT and BOOTSRAP Project is to overcome the manual errors and make a computerized system. In this project, there are various type of modules available to manage Customers, Booking, Payment. We can also generate reports for Booking, Payment, Booking Dates, Hall. Here the Payment module manage all the operations of Payment, Booking module can manage Booking, Inventory module is normally developed for managing Inventory, Booking Dates module manages Booking Dates operations, Customers module has been implemented to manage Customers. In this project all the modules like Payment, Booking Dates, Booking are tightly coupled and we can track the information easily. Ifyou are looking for Free Hall Booking System Project in PHP and MySQL then you can visit our free projects section. We can easily get the list of wedding halls & lawns in Nagpur. Also we have detailed contact information for some particular hall. But we cannot get the availability about hall. So background behind this web portal is that it gives the area wise listing of wedding halls & lawns with the detailed information of individual and also display for particular date the hall is available or not. Just dial is the system in which we can only find the name of Hall and Lawns in city. In just dial we cannot find Halls in specific area. This system cannot show all information about any Hall. This system is not able to book the Halls online. The A Web Based Hall Booking Management System is designed to overcome the disadvantage of previous system.We can easily get the list of Wedding Halls. But we cannot get the availability about Hall. So background behind this web portal is that it gives the area wise listing of Wedding Halls with the detailed information of individual and also display for particular date the Hall is available or not. This is a special type of web portal to easily get the information of all Wedding Halls in Nagpur which display separate calendar for separate Hall. For particular date the Hall. We can availability of Hall as well as Lawns detailed information about individuals Hall in our web portal . It provides all facilities to clients with lowest cost and lowest maintenance problems.
Hall booking system project report .pdf
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Kamal Acharya
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Introduction to Machine Learning Unit-4 Notes for II-II Mechanical Engineering
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In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on. My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways. In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdf
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CME397 Surface Engineering
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control. In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water Industry Process Automation and Control Monthly - May 2024.pdf
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About Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol. • Remote control: Parallel or serial interface. • Compatible with MAFI CCR system. • Compatible with IDM8000 CCR. • Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication. • Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system. • Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP. • Indigenized local Support/presence in India. • Easy in configuration using DIP switches. Technical Specifications Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol. Key Features Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol. • Remote control: Parallel or serial interface • Compatible with MAFI CCR system • Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR • Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication. • Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system. • Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP. • Indigenized local Support/presence in India. Application • Remote control: Parallel or serial interface. • Compatible with MAFI CCR system. • Compatible with IDM8000 CCR. • Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication. • Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system. • Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP. • Indigenized local Support/presence in India. • Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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Removal of Arsenic from Aqueous Solution using Both Fly Ash and Bottom Ash as Adsorbents by Column Studies
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 507 Removal of Arsenic from Aqueous Solution Using Both Fly Ash and Sindhu D1, Shwetha K C2 1,2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Ballari Institute of Technology Ballari, Karnataka, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – Environmental pollution is currently one of the most important issues facing humanity. It is undesirable side effects of industrialization, urbanization, population growth and unconscious attitude towards the environment. Mainly contamination of arsenic in drinking water has adverse effects on human health. Contamination of arsenic in drinking water is a serious problem affecting many countries with guideline value exceeding 10µg/L as recommended by World Health Organization. Continuous experiments were conducted using adsorbents such as Fly Ash and Bottom Ash. These adsorbents were modified by using Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO4). Breakthrough curves were developed by conducting column studies for modified bottom ash with flow rates of 3 ml/min and 6 ml/min. For 3 ml/min, a breakthrough point was obtained at 76.67 hours and for a flow rate of 6 ml/min, the breakthrough pointwasachievedat 26 hours respectively. Key Words: Contamination, Pollution, Adsorbent, Arsenic, Continuous experiments. 1. INTRODUCTION In India, environmental pollution has become a cause of concern at various levels. Due to lack of sewage treatment plants, generally untreated sewage effluents are released either on agricultural landforirrigationordisposed of in nearby water bodies. Arsenic contamination in groundwater is the major threat to the worldwide drinking water resources [1]. Toxicity of Arsenic (III) in drinking water is more compared to that of arsenic (V). Estimated acute minimal lethal dose of arsenic is about 70 to 200 mg or 1 mg/kg/day for adults [3]. The occurrence of arsenic in the environment is usually of many forms and found in rocks, soil, natural waters, air, and food. But, arsenite (III) and arsenate (V) are usually present in natural waters [1]. Major source of arsenic emitted to the environment is mainly due to the anthropogenic activities such as release of industrial effluents, smelting of non-ferrous metals, mining of ores, burning of fossil fuels, pesticides usage containing arsenic and contamination by the use of arsenic in preservation of timber and drilling of geological deposits mobilizes the arsenic into drinking water sources [6]. The occurrence of arsenic in the water through various environmental conditions along with the range of concentrations is given in Table 1. Table 1: Occurrence of Arsenic Source of Arsenic Arsenic Conc. (µg/L) Arsenic-rich sediments (eg: Bangladesh, Vietnam, China) 10-5000 Groundwater contaminated by mining activities (eg: Ghana) 50-5000 Geo-thermal influenced water (eg: USA, Argentina) <10-50,000 Arsenic (III) is more dominant than arsenic (V) in terms of toxicity and mobility [1]. Intake of elevatedlevelsof inorganic arsenic through drinking water causes ill effects and long-term exposure leads to serious health problems. Ingestion of ground water containing high concentrationsof arsenic has been reported to be the acute arsenic intoxication of a concentration of about 21.0 mg/L [6]. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY A. Preparation and analysis of Synthetic Arsenic (III) Solution Arsenic Trichloride (As2O3) is used for the preparation of arsenic(III) standard solution. A stock solution of 1000 mg/L of As(III) is prepared by dissolving1.320gmofarsenic trioxide in 1000 ml distilled water. The solution is diluted as per required concentrations of standard arsenic(III) solution [8]. Initial and residual concentrations of arsenic samples were analyzed using Perkin Elmer Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, sample pH adjustments were made as required. B. Determination of Removal Efficiency of Arsenic(III) by trial studies For the adsorption of arsenic (III)fromsyntheticarsenic solution, both bottom ash and fly ash were used as adsorbents. Trial studies were carried out to know the arsenic(III) removal efficiency from synthetic solution. Bottom Ash as Adsorbents by Column Studies
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 508 Bottom ash is a coal-fired residue obtained from thermal power plants which are collected at the bottom of the furnace and was procured from Raichur Thermal Power Station (RTPS), Raichur and it is shown in figure 1. The chemical composition of bottom ash includesoxidesofsilica, iron, and aluminium whicharethemainmineral compounds, present in maximum percentage than that of magnesium, calcium, and sulfur. It also contains heavy metals like arsenic, selenium, boron, cadmium, and lead. Fly ash is captured from the flue gas produced during combustion of coal by electrostatic precipitators or bag filters near the chimney. Fly ash was procured from Raichur Thermal Power Station (RTPS) and it is shown in figure1. Fly ash is usually of particle size in the rangeof10 to 100 microns. Fig.1: Bottom ash and Fly ash. Table 2: Physical characteristics of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash PROPERTIES FLY ASH (Class F) BOTTOM ASH Color Whitish Grey Grey Form Powder Crystalline Bulk density 1047 Kg/cum 2350 Kg/cum Specific gravity 2.2 1.3-3 Fineness 0.4-0.04 mm >0.1 mm Moisture content <0.3% Slurry Trial studies conducted using raw fly ash and bottom ash as adsorbents which resulted with the rise in arsenic concentrations of synthetic arsenic solution. Due to the presence of high concentrations of arsenic content in both fly ash and bottom ash, an arsenic reduction was not observed. Hence, both the adsorbents were modified as follows. Table 3: Chemical Composition of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash COMPONENTS FLY ASH BOTTOM ASH Silica 55-65% 55-65% Ferric oxide 5-7% 5-9% Alumina 22-25% 15-20% Calcium 5-6% 5-7% Magnesium <1% 0.1-5% Titanium Traceable 1-2% Manganese <1% 1-1.5% Phosphorus <1% 1-1.5% Sulphates 0.1% 0.1% Potassium 0.09% >0.1% Unburnt Carbon 1-1.5% 2-3% C. Modification of Adsorbents Coating of adsorbents by using FerrousSulphate(FeSO4): Methodology for coating of adsorbents using Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO4) is shown below, 100 gm of sample 100 ml of 0.5 M NaOH solution is added to the mixture 15 min of settling Mixture is spread evenly to air-dry and allowed for oxidation of iron coating of the adsorbent Stirred for 1 hour Stirred for 5 min 15 min of settling 156.75 gm of hydrated FeSO4 + 600 ml of distilled water Solution is decanted Solution is decanted
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 509 Iron coated adsorbents were used for the trial studies to know arsenic III). Iron coated bottom ash and iron coated fly ash are shown in fig.2. Fig.2: Iron coated bottom ash and iron coated fly ash. D. Developing the break through curve by conducting column studies The column studies were carried out to develop the break through curve by setting the optimum parameters. The columns used were of diameter 2.5 cm and height of 25 cm for both modified bottom ash and modified fly ash and are represented in figure 3. The studies were carried out to the depth of 15 cm, and flow rates of 3 ml/min and 6 ml/min using bottom ash and flow rate of 2 ml/min using fly ash respectively. Fig.3: Columns used for the Continuous study. E. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) It was used to determine the arsenic concentrationsofthe samples. The analysis was carried out by Perkin Elmer Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. It works on the furnace method and at a temperature of 2000ºCanditisrepresented in figure 4. Fig.4: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Trial studies were conducted to evaluate the removal efficiency of arsenic usingflyashandbottomashfor the present study. Due to the presence of arsenic content in both the adsorbents, there was an increase in arsenic concentrations. An attempt was made to remove arsenic from adsorbents by acid washing process, which resulted in less percentage removal of arsenic.Hence, theironcoatingof adsorbents was made using Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO4). COLUMN STUDIES Objective: To determine break through curve by conducting column studies. To determine the 100% breakthrough time of modified bottom ash and modified fly ash for arsenic (III), the operational parameters obtained from the batch study are considered and Ce/Co is plotted against time. The effect of flow rate on both the modified adsorbents is checked for arsenic(III) removal. Flow rates of 3 ml/min and 6 ml/min were maintained for a uniform depth of 15 cm for iron coated bottom ash. The obtained breakthrough curves of modified bottom ash are representedinfigure5andfigure6. The initial concentration of 46.92 µg/L, at pH 7 and flow rate of 3 ml/min continuous flow was maintained and from the figure 5 it is observed that modified bottomashcan remove 100% As(III) for the time period of 31.33 hours and bed was saturated by the time period of 156 hours or 6.50 days, the volume of synthetic solution treated is 28 litres. The initial concentration of 47.85 µg/L, at pH 7 andflowrate of 6 ml/min was maintained and from the figure 6, it is observed that modified bottomashcanremove100%As(III) for the time period of 2.66 hours and bed was saturated by time period of 80.67 hours or 3.36 days and the volume of solution treated is 29 litres. Removal performance of modified bottom ash is represented in Table 4. The experiment was conductedtoknowthe effectof flow rate on modified fly ash for arsenic (III) removal with the depth of 15 cm and flow rate of 2 ml/min. The technical problem arises during the process, as the sample was not passing through the bed due to the fineness of modified fly ash. Hence sand was mixed with modified fly ash so that sample could flow easily, but the same problem arised and removal efficiency was very low due to the discontinuous flow. Column studies carried using both the modified adsorbents.
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 510 Fig.5: Break through curve for arsenic binding under flow conditions, solution of 50 µg/LatpH7and flowrate of 3 ml/min Fig.6: Break through curve for arsenic binding under flow conditions, the solution of 47.85 µg/L, at pH 7 and flow rate of 6 ml/min. Table 4: Performance representation of Column Studies of flow rate 3 ml/min Time (min) Initial Concentration (µg/L) Final Concentration (µg/L) Efficiency (%) 40 46.92 0.001599 99.996 80 46.92 0.002796 99.994 120 46.92 0.003899 99.9916 160 46.92 0.004297 99.9908 200 46.92 0.005897 99.987 240 46.92 0.007296 99.984 1560 46.92 0.289027 99.38 1720 46.92 0.40304 99.14 1760 46.92 0.41383 99.118 1880 46.92 0.4589 99.02 3080 46.92 0.7929 98.31 3160 46.92 0.83517 98.22 3200 46.92 0.89898 98.08 3240 46.92 0.9177 98.04 3280 46.92 0.9609 97.95 3320 46.92 1.0003 97.86 3360 46.92 1.1533 97.54 3400 46.92 1.6051 96.58 4600 46.92 2.5665 94.53 4640 46.92 3.6738 92.17 4680 46.92 4.579 90.24 4720 46.92 6.0104 87.19 4760 46.92 7.432 84.16 4800 46.92 8.7458 81.36 4840 46.92 9.7875 79.14 4920 46.92 10.3927 77.85 6120 46.92 11.509 75.47 6160 46.92 13.381 71.48 6200 46.92 15.225 67.55 6240 46.92 17.2079 63.325 6280 46.92 19.223 59.03 7800 46.92 21.264 54.68 7840 46.92 23.856 49.156 7880 46.92 26.68 43.137
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 511 7920 46.92 29.30 37.55 7960 46.92 32.356 31.04 9320 46.92 37.04 21.057 9360 46.92 43.73 6.798 9400 46.92 46.417 1.072 9440 46.92 46.976 - 9480 46.92 47.013 - Table 5: Performance representation of column studies of flow rate 6 ml/min Time (min) Initial Concentration (µg/L) Final Concentration (µg/L) Efficiency (%) 40 47.85 0.00469 99.990 80 47.85 0.04135 99.913 120 47.85 0.28097 99.412 160 47.85 0.47108 99.015 200 47.85 1.1900 97.51 240 47.85 2.6269 94.51 280 47.85 4.03806 91.56 320 47.85 6.1745 87.096 360 47.85 7.5646 84.19 400 47.85 8.5632 82.109 1560 47.85 9.5626 80.01 1680 47.85 12.378 74.13 1720 47.85 18.017 62.34 3080 47.85 23.078 51.77 3440 47.85 26.68 44.24 4680 47.85 32.317 32.46 4760 47.85 37.696 21.22 4840 47.85 43.424 9.249 4920 47.85 47.797 - 4960 47.85 48.85 - 5000 47.85 48.47 - Modified Bottom Ash Modified Fly Ash Fig.6: Column studies carried out using both the adsorbents for depth of 15 cm 4. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK Based on the results obtained for arsenic removal using both fly ash and bottom ash as adsorbents, as discussed above, the following conclusions are made. The trial studies using raw bottom ash and raw fly ash showed that the arsenic removal from synthetic solution was not efficient due to the presence of arsenic in the adsorbents. Trial studies using modified adsorbents showed the better removal efficiency of arsenic from aqueous solution. The optimization of the various operating parameters towards arsenic removal using both modified bottom ash and modified fly ash, As the concentration of arsenic(III) increases the removal efficiency of the arsenic from synthetic solution decreases.
6.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 512 Initially the rate of adsorption increases with the rise in the dosage and agitation time later decreases for the same. Arsenic(III) removal efficiency using both the adsorbents increases as the pH of the aqueous solution increases. Using modified bottom ash, for the flow rate of 3 ml/min, concentration of 50 µg/L and at neutral pH, the bed was saturated by the time period of 158 hours or 6.58 days, the volume of synthetic solution treated is 28 litres and for the flow rate of 6 ml/min, concentration of 50 µg/L and at neutral pH, the bed was saturated by time period of 80.67 hours or 3.36 days and the volume of solution treated is 29 litres. Saturation time of the modified bottom ash bed decreases with the increase in the flow rate of the solution to be treated. Future scope of work: Regeneration studies should be carried out for both the modified adsorbents. Column studies using modifiedflyasharetobecarried out. Kinetics studies for the arsenic(III) removal using adsorption data should be carried out. REFERENCES [1] Lokendra Singh Thakur and Pradeep Semil (2013), “Removal of Arsenic in Aqueous Solution by Low-Cost Adsorbent: A Short Review”, International Journal of Chem Tech Research (IJCTR), ISSN: 0974-4290, Vol.5, No.3, pp 1299-1308. [2]DineshMohan,CharlesU.Pittman(2007)“Arsenic removal from water/waste water using adsorbents”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 142(2007) 1-53. [3] WHO (2001), United Nations Synthesis Report on “Arsenic in Drinking Water”, Geneva. [4] M.K. Singh and Anil Kumar (2012), “A Global Problem of Arsenic in Drinking Water and Its Mitigation –A Review”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology (IJAET), Vol.III, pp 196-203, E-ISSN 0976-3945. [5] D.VanHalem et al., (2009), “Arsenic in drinking water: a worldwide water quality concern for water supply companies”. Drinking Water Engineering and Science”,2, pp 29-34. [6] IPCS (2002), “Exposure to Arsenic: A MajorPublicHealth Concern”, Environmental Health Perspectives, 112(11):1172-1177. [7] S. Lakshmi Narayan et al., (2014), “A batch study on the removal of nickel (II) using low-cost adsorbent fly ash”, International Journal of Chemical and Petrochemical Technology (IJCPT), ISSN(P):2277-4807; ISSN(E): 2319- 4464 Vol.4, Issue 1, February 2014, 31-36. [8] Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, AmericanPublicHealthAssociation(APHA),the American Water Work Association (AWWA) and the Water Environment Federation (WEF) publication (2006). [9] Ajay K. Agarwal et al., (2014), “Langmuir, Freundlichand BET AdsorptionIsotherm Studies for Zinc ions onto coal fly ash”, International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Vol.3, ISSN: 2319- 4847. [10] V.T. Nguyen et al., (2009),“Arsenic removal by a membrane hybrid filtration system”, Desalination 236, pp. 363-369. [11] Trina Dutta et al., (2012), “Removal of Arsenic Using Membrane Technology- A Review”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), ISSN:2278- 0181, Vol.1 [12] P.Xu et al., (2013), “Selective removal of arsenic and monovalent ions from Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis Concentrate”, Journal of Hazardous Materials 260, pp.885- 891. [13] F. PrietoGarciaa et al., (2012), “Study of Arsenic Removal with Ionic Exchange Resins inDrinking Waterfrom Zimapan, Hidalgo State, Mexico”, International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol.2, No.6. www.ijastnet.com [14] Imran Ali et al., (2012), “Removal of Arsenate from Aqueous Solution by Electro-Coagulation Method Using Al- Fe Electrodes”, International Journal of Electrochemical Science, Vol.7, pp.1898-1907.
7.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 513 [15] P.D. Nemade et al., (2012), “Comparison of Arsenic Adsorption by ElectrocoagulationandChemicallyGenerated Hydrous Ferric Oxide (HFO) from Water”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181, Vol.1. [16] M.Shruthi et al., (2013), “Removal of Arsenic from Groundwater using Electrochemical Coagulation Process”, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, ISSN 2277-4106. [17] A.M. Garcia-Lara et al.(2014), “Arsenic Removal from Natural Groundwater by ElectrocoagulationUsingResponse Surface Methodology”, Journal of Chemistry.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/857625. [18] Omar J. Flores et al. (2014), “Arsenic Removal from Groundwater by Electrocoagulation Process in a Filter- Press-Type FM01-LC Reactor”, International Journal of Electrochemical Science, Vol.9, pp.6658-6667. [19] G.G. Kleiman and Uzi Landman (1973), “Theory of Physisorption: He on Metals”, Physical review, Vol.8, No. 12. [20] A.Dabrowski (2001), “Adsorption From Theory To Practice”, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. Vol.93, pp.135-224. BIOGRAPHIES Sindhu D Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, Ballari Institute of Technology, Ballari, Karnataka, India Shwetha K C Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, Ballari Institute of Technology, Ballari, Karnataka, India
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