This is a topic of sensory organ and this is detailed topic and can be refered by all nursing students bsc, msc and gnm which give you overall idea and things related to cataractwhich include definition, anat and physio, risk factor, pathophysiology, clinical menifestation, diagnostic evaluation, and management
This is a topic of sensory organ and this is detailed topic and can be refered by all nursing students bsc, msc and gnm which give you overall idea and things related to cataractwhich include definition, anat and physio, risk factor, pathophysiology, clinical menifestation, diagnostic evaluation, and management
A congenital opacity of the crystalline lens. Cloudiness in the lens of the eye that is present at, or develops shortly after birth. Congenital cataracts are also the most frequent cause of leukocoria (white pupil) in children.
complete information about the retinal detachment , types, , symptoms , sign, etiology, causes, diagnosis, complications, medical management, nursing management, home care, patient teaching. nursing reserch.
A congenital opacity of the crystalline lens. Cloudiness in the lens of the eye that is present at, or develops shortly after birth. Congenital cataracts are also the most frequent cause of leukocoria (white pupil) in children.
complete information about the retinal detachment , types, , symptoms , sign, etiology, causes, diagnosis, complications, medical management, nursing management, home care, patient teaching. nursing reserch.
La Resolución del Consejo Directivo de OINERGMIN N° 041-2017-OS/CD modificó el Procedimiento para la atención de Quejas por defectos de tramitación aprobado por Resolución de Consejo Directivo N° 105-2011-OS/CD.
complete information about the refractive errors due to the problem in the acomodation of eye lense , disturbed image formation in the retina, contains -types of disease condition .
Nearsightedness (myopia) is a common vision condition in which near objects appear clear, but objects farther away look blurry. It occurs when the shape of the eye — or the shape of certain parts of the eye — causes light rays to bend (refract) inaccurately. Light rays that should be focused on nerve tissues at the back of the eye (retina) are focused in front of the retina.
Nearsightedness usually develops during childhood and adolescence, and it usually becomes more stable between the ages of 20 and 40. Myopia tends to run in families.
A basic eye exam can confirm nearsightedness. You can compensate for the blurry vision with eyeglasses, contact lenses or refractive surgery.
A refractory error is a very common eye disorder. It occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus the images from the outside world. The result of refractory errors is blurred vision ,which is sometimes so severe that it causes visual impairment.
Aniseikonia [ophthalmology description for medical students ]Madhuri Kureti
concise description of aniseikonia which is a condition wherein the images projected to the visual cortex from the two retinae are abnormally unequal in size and /or shape
This is a lecture on Refractive Errors, discussing the etiology, clinical features, the different types, diagnosis, treatment and management options.
This was presented to undergraduate medical students at University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Lusaka, Zambia, department of Opthalmology by Nghitukuhamba Tangi Elikana Kalipi (6th year medical student) at Cavendish University Zambia, School of Medicine.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
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In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
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2. DEFINATION
• Refractive errors; are optical
imperfections that prevent eye
from properly focusing light on the
retina.
Or
A disorder in which light is not bent
correctly on the retina resulting in
a blurred image.
3. CONT.
• N:B emmetropia ; a normal refractive
condition resulting in clear focus on retina
with no optical defects.
• it is a normal vision.
4. RISK FACTORS
1. GENETICS; Some errors such as
myopia may be present in
heritable connective tissues such
as knobloch syndrome.
-linked disorders caused by
mutations in loci involved in photo
receptor function e.g retinitis
pigmentosa
5. CONT.
2. ENVIROMENTAL;
I.Visually intensive occupations
II.Reading is predicted in children
III.Socio economic status and higher level of
education has also been reported as a risk
factor.
6. TYPES OF REFRACTIVE
ERRORS
MYOPIA;
near sightedness, difficulty in seeing
distant objects.
Close objects are clear, distant objects are
blurry.
Occurs in peoplewith elongated eye balls,
because of excessive length of the eye,
light rays focus in the vitreous body before
7. CONT.
…..They can reach the retina.
HYPEROPIA;
Farsightedness
Difficulty in seeing close objects clearly
Results when the eyeball is shorter than
normal causing light rays to focus at a
theoritical point behind the retina.
Demands of reading usually bring
9. CONT.
ASTIGMATISM;
Rays of light are not bent equally by the
cornea in all direction so the point of focus
is not attained.
Results from unequal curvatures in the
shape of cornea i.e. distorted vision
resulting from an irregularly curved
cornea.
11. CONT.
PRESBYOPIA;
The natural loss of accommodative
capacity with age. Leads to difficulty in
reading and even seeing at arms length…
Occurs because of degenerative changes
caused by gradual loss of elasticity of
lens, which leads to decreased ability to
accommodate or focus for near vision
12. CONT.
• N:B; transient refractive errors occur in
diabetes typically when diabetic control is
eratic.
• Transient myopia may be due to
medications such as suphonamides
13. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• In normal vision, light rays are bent to
focus on the retina.
• In refractive errors, vision is impaired
because the light rays are not sharply
focused on the retina.
15. DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES
• A comprehensive dilated eye examination.
• Retinoscopy:Vision of myopes improves
when concave trial lenses correct the
focusing power of the eyes.
• Hypropes experience improvement when
convex lenses are used.
• Visual acuity:Snellen chart
17. CONT.
• Refractive errors can be corrected with
eyeglasses, contact lenses or surgery.
• Eyeglasses: They are the simplest and
safety way to correct refractive errors.
Appropriate lenses are prescribed to
correct refractive error and give one an
optimal vision.
18. CONT.
• Contact Lenses: Work by becoming the
first refractive surface for light rays
entering the eye causing a more precise
refraction or focus. It provides clearer
vision, a wider field of vision and greater
comfort
19. CONT.
• Refractive Surgery: Aims to change
shape of the cornea permanently. This
change in the eye shape restores the
focusing power of the eye by allowing the
light rays to focus precisely on the retina
for improved vision.
20. CONT.
• Incisional radial keratotomy( RK):Under local
anesthesia,the cornea is reshaped by making
incisions.
• Laser assisted situ Keratectomy (LASIK):A
corneal flap is created to expose the inner
cornea.
• Photo refractive Keratectomy(PRK):Removal of
the epithelial layer(top surface)of the cornea
exposing the inner cornea curvature of the eye.
21. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
• Difficulty in reading due to hyperopia as
manifested by headache/eye strain
• At risk of injuries due to blurred vision
• Difficulty in learning due to hazziness as
manifested by low grades in class.
• Impaired comfort due to pain(headache)
AS manifested by groaning/closing of eyes
• Low self esteem due to impaired vision as
22. CONT.
• …..manifested by social withdrawal
MANAGEMENT.
• Health educate the patient about his/her
condition so that the patient could cope well with
the situation and on proper eye care
• Comfort and Reassurance
• Family therapy so that they will assist the
patient.
23. CONT.
• Assist the patient to choose the right treatment
for him/herself.
• Provide or improve patients safety(side rails,
non slippery flow and not wet, no hanging or
electrical cords on the floor)
• Pain destructive measures(meditation, soft
music) and pain killers.