Refinery Basic
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Refineries process crude oil through distillation and other separation processes to produce fuels and other products. Crude oil is separated into components like gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, and residual fuel through units like atmospheric distillers, vacuum distillers, reformers, crackers, and hydrotreaters. Refineries also have utilities like hydrogen plants, sulfur recovery units, wastewater treatment, and power generation. Hazards in refineries include fires and explosions from flammable liquids and gases, exposure to toxic chemicals, and physical hazards from high pressures and temperatures.
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Fossil fuels are a non-renewable energy source formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals. The document discusses the three main types of fossil fuels: oil, coal, and natural gas. It describes how each type is formed over millions of years, the processes used to extract and refine it, common uses as fuel sources, and the environmental pollution problems caused by their combustion, such as global warming. While fossil fuels remain an important energy source, the document cautions that alternatives like solar and wind are needed due to the environmental damage from their use.
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Fossil fuels are a non-renewable energy source formed from the remains of ancient plant and animal life. The document discusses the three main types of fossil fuels: oil, coal, and natural gas. It explains how each type is formed over millions of years, the processes used to extract and refine it, common uses as fuel sources, and the environmental pollution problems caused by their combustion, such as global warming. While fossil fuels remain an important energy source, the document cautions that alternatives like solar, wind and hydro power should be developed and fossil fuel use reduced due to environmental damage.
5 oil refinery_processes
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2. It describes the properties of various liquid fuels like density, viscosity, calorific value, and their impacts. It also discusses solid fuels like coal and their classification, proximate and ultimate analysis.
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fuel and combustion
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Thermal Power Plant or Thermal Energy (Chapter-2)
Energy conversion is the process of changing one form of energy into another, a fundamental capability that enables modern civilization to function. It can occur in various ways, from converting the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical power through windmills to transforming solar energy into electrical energy in solar panels. This transformation is essential not just for daily usage but also for harnessing and utilizing natural resources more efficiently. In the context of rural electrification, this process plays a critical role. By converting available local energy resources into electricity, rural communities can access a stable and reliable power supply. This not only improves the quality of life but also supports economic development by powering homes, schools, businesses, and healthcare facilities. Consequently, energy conversion facilitates the broader goal of rural electrification, demonstrating the interconnection between technological innovation and societal advancement.
FCC
The document discusses fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), which is a process used in oil refineries to convert high-boiling hydrocarbon fractions into more valuable gasoline, diesel, and other products. It involves cracking heavier petroleum fractions with a catalyst at high temperatures in the presence of steam. The heavier fractions are broken up into lighter molecules like liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline. Key aspects covered include the FCC reactor design, catalyst regeneration process, and products produced including gasoline, diesel and light cycle oil.
oil__Refinery_processes_presentation.pptx
The document provides an overview of oil refinery processes. It discusses physical separation processes like distillation which separates crude oil into fractions based on boiling points. Distillation columns contain trays or packings to enhance vapor-liquid contact. Other physical processes mentioned include desalting, solvent extraction, thermal cracking, and blending. Thermal and catalytic conversion and treatment processes are also briefly outlined.
L6 thermal power plant
This document discusses internal combustion engines and power plants. It describes different types of power plants including steam, gas turbine, hydroelectric, diesel, and nuclear. It focuses on the working of steam power plants. Steam power plants generate steam in a boiler then use the steam to power a turbine and generator to produce electricity. Key components include the boiler, turbine, generator, and circuits for fuel/ash, air/flue gas, feedwater/steam, and cooling water. The energy conversion process involves transforming chemical energy from fuel to heat, mechanical, and finally electrical energy. Factors in selecting plant locations and advantages/disadvantages of steam power plants are also summarized.
Petroleum processing
all process involve in petroleum to get final products from crude oil like LPG, petrol, diesel, jet fuel, kerosene,neptha, heavy neptha, coke and petroleum products
Eor methods
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods aim to increase the amount of crude oil extracted from oil fields. There are three main EOR categories - thermal, which uses heat to extract oil; miscible, which uses gases like CO2 or nitrogen to extract oil; and chemical, which uses polymers, surfactants or alkalis. Common EOR techniques include gas injection, thermal injection like steam flooding, and chemical injection like polymer flooding. EOR selection depends on factors like reservoir depth, viscosity, and permeability. Thermal methods recover additional 20-30% of oil, while chemical/miscible methods recover additional 20-30% of oil remaining after primary/secondary recovery.
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This document provides information about the delayed coking process used in oil refineries. It begins with a 3 sentence summary of the process: The delayed coking process uses high temperatures to crack heavy hydrocarbons into lighter products like LPG, gasoline, and distillates. It is used by refiners to convert the bottom of the crude barrel. The key benefit is the full conversion of heavy residual oils into lighter products to increase profit margins by processing lower-cost, heavier crudes.
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Refinery Basic
- 1. Refinery Basics John Kulluk Ph.D. Torrance Fire Department & Robert Distaso PE – 714/573-6253 Orange County Fire Authority
- 2. Refining Means. . . 1. To reduce to a pure state, to remove impurities 2. To improve or perfect
- 3. Refinery Process Flow Chart Sulfur Gas Plant Fuel Gas Isom Splitter Gasoline Distilling Reformer Jet Fuel Hydrotreating Hydrotreating Distillate Fuel Alky CCU Flasher Visbreaker Leffler, 1985 Residual Fuel
- 5. Other Refinery Units • • • • • • • Steam Generation Wastewater Treatment Hydrogen Generation Power Generation (e.g., cogen) Air Separation Plant Loading/Unloading - Railcar, Trucks, etc. Storage (high pressure hydrocarbon, crude oil, intermediates) Floating-Roof Tanks - 150‘ diameter is common Spherical Tanks - 50‘ are common Horton Spheroid (refrigerated) Steam-Heated Tanks for “Heavier” Products Self-Contained Firewater Supply Firewater Pumps • •
- 8. What is Crude Oil? • Mixture of organic • • carbon chain molecules Impurities include sulfur and nitrogen compounds Some metals and salts too
- 10. Components such as . . . • Straight-Chain • • • Hydrocarbons Olefins Cyclic H/C Aromatics (Benzene, toluene, xylenes) • Mercaptans • Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) • Greases • Propane • LPG
- 11. Other Hazardous Materials • • • • • • • • Sulfur Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) Ammonia (NH3) Sodium Hypochlorite Radioactive Materials Chlorine Amines • • • • • • • MEK Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Heavy Metal Catalysts Sour Water Caustic (fresh/spent) Alcohol Asbestos
- 13. What’s All this Stuff?
- 14. What Goes on at a Refinery. . .? • Separation of components by distillation, e.g.: Atmospheric Vacuum Hydrotreating (uses excess hydrogen) • Breaking apart molecules to make smaller ones, e.g.: catalytic cracking hydrocracking • Joining molecules to make bigger ones, e.g.: Reforming - alkylation that lengthens the hydrocarbon chain Reforming - cyclic that generates hydrogen
- 15. Physical Hazards • • • • • • • • • • • • High Pressure/Temperature Steam Oil/Gas-Fired Furnaces Acoustic High Voltage (4160V, 480V, 13.2 kV) Falling Hazards Confined Space Hazards Cranes/Lifting Hazards Hot Work Hazards Acid Exposure Toxic Vapors Radiation Flammability Hazards
- 17. Common PPE Requirements • Hardhat • Hardsoled / Hardtoe Shoes • Safety Glasses with Side • • Protection Safety Goggles or Faceshield Fire-Resistant Clothing
- 18. Process Hazards • • • • Emergency Flare Atmospheric Pressure Relief High Temperature (up to 2000oF) Low Temperature (e.g., Brittle Fracture) • High Pressure (up to 3000 psig) • Low Pressure (e.g., vacuum)
- 20. QUESTIONS ?