This document provides an overview of the oil refinery process. It discusses the three main stages of crude oil refining: separation, treating, and conversion. It describes the distillation unit and catalytic reforming unit processes. The conclusion summarizes that the document discussed crude oil and refineries, largest importers/exporters of crude oil, distillation, treatment units, and catalytic reforming.

1. Faculty of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department
Prepared by
Safeen Yaseen Jafar
Ibrahim Ali
Rivan Dler Ali
Ramazan Shkur Kakl
Supervisor
Dr. Aso Abdulkareem

2. Outline
• Introduction.
• Oil Refinery Process Overview.
• Distillation Unit Overview.
• CDU & VDU.
• Treatment Unit.
• Catalytic Reforming.
• Conclusion.
• References.

3. Introduction
• What is Crude Oil ?

4. Introduction
• What is Crude Oil refinery?

5. Introduction
• Who are biggest countries that import and export crude oil?

6. Oil Refinery Process
Separation Treating Conversion
Three Main Stages Of Crude Oil Refining
Processes are:

7. Oil Refinery Process Overview
Fuel Gas
Sulfur
C3 LPG
C4 LPG
Kerosene
P-Gasoline
R-Gasoline
Auto Diesel
Heating oil
Haring Diesel
HF-oil
Bunker oil

8. Distillation Units
distillation process
aims to separate
this crude oil into
broad categories of
its component
hydrocarbons, or
"fractions."

9. CDU & VDU PFD
Schematic of
distillation column or
CDU:

10. Distillation Units
Atmospheric Distillation Unit (ADU): Vacuum Distillation Unit (VDU):
is the first and most fundamental
step in the refining process.
is distillation performed under
reduced pressure, which allows
the purification of compounds
not readily distilled at ambient
pressures.

11. CDU & VDU PFD

12. Treatment Unit
The purpose of a treatment unit:
is primarily to remove sulfur and other contaminants from
intermediate streams before blending into a finished refined
product or before being fed into another refinery process unit.
Impurities should be removed are:
• Sulfur
• Nitrogen
• Oxygen
• Metals

13. Treatment Unit
Desulfurization Denitrification

14. Treatment Unit

15. Catalytic Reforming
What is Catalytic Reforming?
Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert petroleum refinery naphtha
crude oil (typically having low octane ratings) into high-octane liquid products called
reformates, which are premium blending stocks for high-octane gasoline.
What is the main goal of Catalytic Reforming?
a. Net Hydrogen for other processes (hydrodesulfurization)
b. Producing high octane gasoline
How Catalytic Reforming works?

16. Catalytic Reforming

17. Conclusion
What we learned in this presentation?
- Crude Oil and crude oil refinery definition.
- Which countries are the largest importer and exporter
of crude oil?
- How crude oil distillation occur?
- Treatment unit and their reaction?
- Catalytic Reforming Unit description.

18. References
1. Eia.gov. (2016). Refining crude oil - the refining process - U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA). [online] Available at: https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/oil-and-
petroleum-products/refining-crude-oil-the-refining-process.php. [Accessed 18 Feb. 2022].
2. Maveng (2016). Atmospheric Distillation. [online] Available at:
http://www.maveng.com/index.php/business-streams/industrial/refining/atmospheric-
distillation [Accessed 18 Feb. 2022].
3. EnggCyclopedia. (2012). Vacuum Distillation Unit. [online] Available at:
https://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/01/vacuum-distillation-unit/. [Accessed 18 Feb.
2022].
4. www.mckinseyenergyinsights.com. (2021). Hydrotreater. [online] Available at:
https://www.mckinseyenergyinsights.com/resources/refinery-reference-
desk/hydrotreater/#:~:text=The%20purpose%20of%20a%20hydrotreater [Accessed 18
Feb. 2022].
5. Speight, J.G. (2020). Refinery Of The Future. [ebook] Available at
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128169940/the-refinery-of-the-future#book-
info [Accessed 18 Feb. 2022].