Amine Gas Treating Unit Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide for H2S/CO2 Amine Systems
Contents
Process Capabilities for gas treating process
Typical Amine Treating
Typical Amine System Improvements
Primary Equipment Overview
Inlet Gas Knockout
Absorber
Three Phase Flash Tank
Lean/Rich Heat Exchanger
Regenerator
Filtration
Amine Reclaimer
Operating Difficulties Overview
Foaming
Failure to Meet Gas Specification
Solvent Losses
Corrosion
Typical Amine System Improvements
Degradation of Amines and Alkanolamines during Sour Gas Treating
APPENDIX
Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide
This is a full course about how the Amine Sweetening Unit works, and all the factors, operations, and problems related to this unit. This course was taken from the IHRDC institute.
Natural Gas (from a natural reservoir or associated to a crude production) can contain acid gas (H2S and/or CO2)..
The Gas Sweetening Process aims to remove part or all of the acid gas.
Introduction High temperature shift Catalysts
Low temperature shift catalysts
Catalyst storage, handling, charging and discharging
Health and safety precautions
Reduction and start-up of high temperature shift catalysts
Operation of high temperature shift catalysts
Reduction and start-up of low temperature shift catalysts
Operation of low temperature shift catalysts
Purpose
Key to good performance
Problem Areas
Catalysts, heat shields and plant up-rates
Burner Guns
Development of High Intensity Ring Burner
Case Studies
Conclusions
Most modern ammonia processes are based on steam-reforming of natural gas or naphtha.
The 3 main technology suppliers are Uhde (Uhde/JM Partnership), Topsoe & KBR.
The process steps are very similar in all cases.
Other suppliers are Linde (LAC) & Ammonia Casale.
VULCAN Series VSG-Z101 Primary Reforming
Initial Catalyst Reduction
Activating (reducing) the catalyst involves changing the nickel oxide to nickel, represented by:
NiO + H2 <==========> Ni + H2O
Natural gas is typically used as the hydrogen source. When it is, the catalyst reduction and putting the reformer on-line are accompanied in the same step.
This is a full course about how the Amine Sweetening Unit works, and all the factors, operations, and problems related to this unit. This course was taken from the IHRDC institute.
Natural Gas (from a natural reservoir or associated to a crude production) can contain acid gas (H2S and/or CO2)..
The Gas Sweetening Process aims to remove part or all of the acid gas.
Introduction High temperature shift Catalysts
Low temperature shift catalysts
Catalyst storage, handling, charging and discharging
Health and safety precautions
Reduction and start-up of high temperature shift catalysts
Operation of high temperature shift catalysts
Reduction and start-up of low temperature shift catalysts
Operation of low temperature shift catalysts
Purpose
Key to good performance
Problem Areas
Catalysts, heat shields and plant up-rates
Burner Guns
Development of High Intensity Ring Burner
Case Studies
Conclusions
Most modern ammonia processes are based on steam-reforming of natural gas or naphtha.
The 3 main technology suppliers are Uhde (Uhde/JM Partnership), Topsoe & KBR.
The process steps are very similar in all cases.
Other suppliers are Linde (LAC) & Ammonia Casale.
VULCAN Series VSG-Z101 Primary Reforming
Initial Catalyst Reduction
Activating (reducing) the catalyst involves changing the nickel oxide to nickel, represented by:
NiO + H2 <==========> Ni + H2O
Natural gas is typically used as the hydrogen source. When it is, the catalyst reduction and putting the reformer on-line are accompanied in the same step.
Methanation catalysts are almost always manufactured and transported in the oxidized form, and therefore they must be reduced in the reactor to give nickel metal in order to make them active. The reduction is usually carried out in process gas and occurs by the two reactions:
Look at two main types
Explain mechanisms
Explain prevention of cracking
Three main types
1 Carbon cracking
2 Boudouard carbon formation
3 CO reduction
Common poisons include
Sulfur
Chlorides and other halides
Metals including arsenic, vanadium, mercury, alkali metals (including potassium)
Phosphates
Organo-metalics
Introduction and Theoretical Aspects
Catalyst Reduction and Start-up
Normal Operation and Troubleshooting
Shutdown and Catalyst Discharge
Nickel Carbonyl Hazard
Modern Methanation Catalyst Requirements
Pressure Relief Systems Vol 2
Causes of Relief Situations
This Volume 2 is a guide to the qualitative identification of common causes of overpressure in process equipment. It cannot be exhaustive; the process engineer and relief systems team should look for any credible situation in addition to those given in this Part which could lead to a need for pressure relief (a relief situation).
1. Introduction reasons for purification, types of poisons, and typical systems
2. Hydrogenation
3. Dechlorination
4. Sulfur Removal
5. Purification system start-up and shut-down
Introduction
Catalyst breakage is a well known phenomena that occurs during operation and transients such as reformer trips, whether this be due to,
• Normal in service breakage,
• Breakage due to carbon formation/removal,
• Breakage due to steam condensation or carry over,
• Breakage during a trip.
The effect of catalyst breakage can be observed in a number of ways,
• Hot bands,
• Speckling and giraffe necking,
• Catalyst breakage and settling.
Pressure Relief Systems
BACKGROUND TO RELIEF SYSTEM DESIGN Vol.1 of 6
The Guide has been written to advise those involved in the design and engineering of pressure relief systems. It takes the user from the initial identification of potential causes of overpressure or under pressure through the process design of relief systems to the detailed mechanical design. "Hazard Studies" and quantitative hazards analysis are not described; these are seen as complementary activities. Typical users of the Guide will use some Parts in detail and others in overview.
Filtration in Amine Systems. This is a brochure of Twin Filter in Zaandam, just before it was acquired by Parker. Amine Filtration was earlier handled by Twin Process Filtration BV in Tiel, which was a subsidiary of Twin Filter. However, short after the acquisition of all the Twin Filter entities by The Sterling Group, the location in Tiel was closed and the Process Filtration activities were integrated in Twin Filter in Zaandam.
Methanation catalysts are almost always manufactured and transported in the oxidized form, and therefore they must be reduced in the reactor to give nickel metal in order to make them active. The reduction is usually carried out in process gas and occurs by the two reactions:
Look at two main types
Explain mechanisms
Explain prevention of cracking
Three main types
1 Carbon cracking
2 Boudouard carbon formation
3 CO reduction
Common poisons include
Sulfur
Chlorides and other halides
Metals including arsenic, vanadium, mercury, alkali metals (including potassium)
Phosphates
Organo-metalics
Introduction and Theoretical Aspects
Catalyst Reduction and Start-up
Normal Operation and Troubleshooting
Shutdown and Catalyst Discharge
Nickel Carbonyl Hazard
Modern Methanation Catalyst Requirements
Pressure Relief Systems Vol 2
Causes of Relief Situations
This Volume 2 is a guide to the qualitative identification of common causes of overpressure in process equipment. It cannot be exhaustive; the process engineer and relief systems team should look for any credible situation in addition to those given in this Part which could lead to a need for pressure relief (a relief situation).
1. Introduction reasons for purification, types of poisons, and typical systems
2. Hydrogenation
3. Dechlorination
4. Sulfur Removal
5. Purification system start-up and shut-down
Introduction
Catalyst breakage is a well known phenomena that occurs during operation and transients such as reformer trips, whether this be due to,
• Normal in service breakage,
• Breakage due to carbon formation/removal,
• Breakage due to steam condensation or carry over,
• Breakage during a trip.
The effect of catalyst breakage can be observed in a number of ways,
• Hot bands,
• Speckling and giraffe necking,
• Catalyst breakage and settling.
Pressure Relief Systems
BACKGROUND TO RELIEF SYSTEM DESIGN Vol.1 of 6
The Guide has been written to advise those involved in the design and engineering of pressure relief systems. It takes the user from the initial identification of potential causes of overpressure or under pressure through the process design of relief systems to the detailed mechanical design. "Hazard Studies" and quantitative hazards analysis are not described; these are seen as complementary activities. Typical users of the Guide will use some Parts in detail and others in overview.
Filtration in Amine Systems. This is a brochure of Twin Filter in Zaandam, just before it was acquired by Parker. Amine Filtration was earlier handled by Twin Process Filtration BV in Tiel, which was a subsidiary of Twin Filter. However, short after the acquisition of all the Twin Filter entities by The Sterling Group, the location in Tiel was closed and the Process Filtration activities were integrated in Twin Filter in Zaandam.
Triple R is a complete oil filtration system which removes moisture and contamination from the lube oil. excellence in oil filtration.
HYdraulic and Gear oil filtration systems for cement and plastic component manufacturers, Turbine oil filtration for power plants,mining hydraulics, Wind mills and all oil lubricated rotating equipments.
Keeping the oil clean will enable the equipment run without oil related breakdowns and help reduce oil consumption over a period of time.
In the process of absorbing acid gas
constituents, amine streams become contaminated with thermal and chemical degradation products, organics and/or iron sulfides.
Hydrogen recovery from purge gas(energy saving)Prem Baboo
Ammonia is continuously condensed out of the loop and fresh synthesis gas is added. Because the synthesis gas contains small quantities of methane and argon, these impurities build up in the loop and must be continuously purged to prevent them from exceeding a certain concentration. Although this purge stream can be used to supplement reformer fuel gas, it contains valuable hydrogen which is lost from the ammonia synthesis loop In order to achieve optimum conversion in synthesis convertor, it is necessary to purge a certain quantity of gas from synthesis loop so as to as to reduce inerts concentration in the loop. Purge gas stream from ammonia process contains ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen and other inert gases. Among them, ammonia itself is the valuable product lost with the purge stream. Moreover it has a serious adverse effect on the environment.This purge gas containing about 60% Hydrogen was fully utilised as primary reformer fuel.
Amines
Stereochemistry, Reaction Mechanisms, Catalysis, Production Processes and Applications
Contents
Historical perspective
Background
(MMA, DMA and TMA)
Stereochemistry and Structure
Reaction Mechanisms and Thermodynamics
CATALYSTS FOR AMINATION
Non-Zeolitic Catalysts for Amination
Mordinite (MOR) Catalysts for Amination
Zeolite Catalysts for Amination
Amines Production
Amines: Markets and Applications
Gas Separation
Conventional Amines Treating System
Amine System for Gas Sweetening
APPENDIX
Structures
Ethyleneamines Production
Activated Alumina is counted in the list of effective adsorbent and desiccant which is used in number of applications for removing the moisture and purifying the products
also check our latest blog articles here:-
1.http://activatedaluminaballs.com/
2.http://activatedaluminaballs.com/air-drying-desiccants/
3.http://activatedaluminaballs.com/activated-alumina-balls/
4.http://activatedaluminaballs.com/air-drying-desiccants/
Coolants: What You Don't Know Can Hurt Your Engine dieselpub
Cummins Filtration offers a choice of coolant (antifreeze) products in North America to meet every need for many types of engines, from diesel to natural gas to gasoline. Join us for a free webinar on October 28th at 10am CST and find out how Fleetguard coolant can protect your engine!
GAS DISPERSION - A Definitive Guide to Accidental Releases of Heavy GasesGerard B. Hawkins
GAS DISPERSION - A Definitive Guide to Accidental Releases of Heavy Gases
This Process Safety Guide has been written with the aim of assisting process engineers, hazard analysts and environmental advisers in carrying out gas dispersion calculations. The Guide aims to provide assistance by:
• Improving awareness of the range of dispersion models available within GBHE, and providing guidance in choosing the most appropriate model for a particular application.
• Providing guidance to ensure that source terms and other model inputs are correctly specified, and the models are used within their range of applicability.
• Providing guidance to deal with particular topics in gas dispersion such as dense gas dispersion, complex terrain, and modeling the chemistry of oxides of nitrogen.
• Providing general background on air quality and dispersion modeling issues such as meteorology and air quality standards.
• Providing example calculations for real practical problems.
SCOPE
The gas dispersion guide contains the following Parts:
1 Fundamentals of meteorology.
2 Overview of air quality standards.
3 Comparison between different air quality models.
4 Designing a stack.
5 Dense gas dispersion.
6 Calculation of source terms.
7 Building wake effects.
8 Overview of the chemistry of the oxides of nitrogen.
9 Overview of the ADMS complex terrain module.
10 Overview of the ADMS deposition module.
11 ADMS examples.
12 Modeling odorous releases.
13 Bibliography of useful gas dispersion books and reports.
14 Glossary of gas dispersion modeling terms.
Appendix A : Modeling Wind Generation of Particulates.
APPENDIX B TABLE OF PROPERTY VALUES FOR SPECIFIC CHEMICALS
Theory of Carbon Formation in Steam Reforming
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Underpinning Theory
2.1 Conceptualization
2.2 Reforming Reactions
2.3 Carbon Formation Chemistry
2.3.1 Natural Gas
2.3.2 Carbon Formation for Naphtha Feeds
2.3.3 Carbon Gasification
2.4 Heat Transfer
3 Causes
3.1 Effects of Carbon Formation
3.2 Types of Carbon
4 What are the Effects of Carbon Formation?
4.1 Why does Carbon Formation Get Worse?
4.1.1 So what is the Next Step?
4.2 Consequences of Carbon Formation
4.3 Why does Carbon Form where it does?
4.3.1 Effect on Process Gas Temperature
4.4 Why does Carbon Formation Propagate Down the Tube?
4.4.1 Effect on Radiation on the Fluegas Side
4.5 Why does Carbon Formation propagate Up the Tube?
5 How do we Prevent Carbon Formation
5.1 The Role of Potash
5.2 Inclusion of Pre-reformer
5.3 Primary Reformer Catalyst Parameters
5.3.1 Activity
5.3.2 Heat Transfer
5.3.3 Increased Steam to Carbon Ratio
6 Steam Out
6.1 Why does increasing the Steam to Carbon Ratio Not Work?
6.2 Why does reducing the Feed Rate not help?
6.3 Fundamental Principles of Steam Outs
TABLES
1 Heat Transfer Coefficients in a Typical Reformer
2 Typical Catalyst Loading Options
FIGURES
1 Hot Bands
2 Conceptual Pellet
3 Naphtha Carbon Formation
4 Heat Transfer within an Reformer
5 Types of Carbon Formation
6 Effect of Carbon on Nickel Crystallites
7 Absorption of Heat
8 Comparison of "Base Case" v Carbon Forming Tube
9 Carbon Formation Vicious Circle
10 Temperature Profiles
11 Carbon Pinch Point
12 Carbon Formation
13 Effect on Process Gas Temperature
14 How does Carbon Propagate into an Unaffected Zone?
15 Movement of the Carbon Forming Region
16 Effect of Hot Bands on Radiative Heat Transfer
17 Effect of Potash on Carbon Formation
18 Application of a Pre-reformer
19 Effect of Activity on Carbon Formation
Calculation of an Ammonia Plant Energy Consumption: Gerard B. Hawkins
Calculation of an Ammonia Plant Energy Consumption:
Case Study: #06023300
Plant Note Book Series: PNBS-0602
CONTENTS
0 SCOPE
1 CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS PROCESS FEED CONSUMPTION
2 CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS PROCESS FUEL CONSUMPTION
3 CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION FOR PILOT BURNERS OF FLARES
4 CALCULATION OF DEMIN. WATER FROM DEMIN. UNIT
5 CALCULATION OF DEMIN. WATER TO PACKAGE BOILERS
6 CALCULATION OF MP STEAM EXPORT
7 CALCULATION OF LP STEAM IMPORT
8 DETERMINATION OF ELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTION
9 DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE AMMONIA PLANT ISBL
10 ADJUSTMENT OF ELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTION FOR TEST RUN CONDITIONS
11 CALCULATION OF AMMONIA SHARE IN MP STEAM CONSUMPTION IN UTILITIES
12 CALCULATION OF AMMONIA SHARE IN ELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTION IN UTILITIES
13 DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE AMMONIA PLANT OSBL
14 DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE AMMONIA PLANT
Ammonia Plant Technology
Pre-Commissioning Best Practices
GBHE-APT-0102
PICKLING & PASSIVATION
CONTENTS
1 PURPOSE OF THE WORK
2 CHEMICAL CONCEPT
3 TECHNICAL CONCEPT
4 WASTES & SAFETY CONCEPT
5 TARGET RESULTS
6 THE GENERAL CLEANING SEQUENCE MANAGEMENT
6.6.1 Pre-cleaning or “Physical Cleaning
6.6.2 Pre-rinsing
6.6.3 Chemical Cleaning
6.6.4 Critical Factors in Cleaning Success
6.6.5 Rinsing
6.6.6 Inspection and Re-Cleaning, if Necessary
7 Systems to be treated by Pickling/Passivation
Ammonia Plant Technology
Pre-Commissioning Best Practices
Piping and Vessels Flushing and Cleaning Procedure
CONTENTS
1 Scope
2 Aim/purpose
3 Responsibilities
4 Procedure
4.1 Main cleaning methods
4.1.1 Mechanical cleaning
4.1.2 Cleaning with air
4.1.3 Cleaning with steam (for steam networks only)
4.1.4 Cleaning with water
4.2 Choice of the cleaning method
4.3 Cleaning preparation
4.4 Protection of the devices included in the network
4.5 Protection of devices in the vicinity of the network
4.6 Water flushing procedure
4.6.1 Specific problems of water flushing
4.6.2 Preparation for water flushing
4.6.3 Performing a water flush
4.6.4 Cleanliness criteria
4.7 Air blowing procedure
4.7.1 Specific problems of air blowing
4.7.2 Preparation for air blowing
4.7.3 Performing air blowing
4.7.4 Cleanliness checks
4.8 Steam blowing procedure
4.8.1 Specific problems of steam blowing
4.8.2 Preparation for steam blowing
4.8.3 Performing steam blowing
4.8.4 Cleanliness checks
4.9 Chemical cleaning procedure
4.9.1 Specific problems of cleaning with a chemical solution
4.9.2 Preparation for chemical cleaning
4.9.3 Performing a chemical cleaning
4.9.4 Cleanliness criteria
4.10 Re-assembly - general guideline
4.11 Preservation of flushed piping
DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS Gerard B. Hawkins
DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope of this Guide
1.3 Use of the Guide
2 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
2.1 Principal Concerns
2.2 Mechanisms for Ozone Formation
2.3 Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential
2.4 Health and Environmental Effects
2.5 Air Quality Standards for Ground Level Concentrations of Ozone, Targets for Reduction of VOC Discharges and Statutory Discharge Limits
3 VENTS REDUCTION PHILOSOPHY
3.1 Reduction at Source
3.2 End-of-pipe Treatment
4 METHODOLOGY FOR COLLECTION & ASSESSMENT OF PROCESS FLOW DATA
4.1 General
4.2 Identification of Vent Sources
4.3 Characterization of Vents
4.4 Quantification of Process Vent Flows
4.5 Component Flammability Data Collection
4.6 Identification of Operating Scenarios
4.7 Quantification of Flammability Characteristics for Combined Vents
4.8 Identification, Quantification and Assessment of Possibility of Air Ingress Routes
4.9 Tabulation of Data
4.10 Hazard Study and Risk Assessment
4.11 Note on Aqueous / Organic Wastes
4.12 Complexity of Systems
4.13 Summary
5 SAFE DESIGN OF VENT COLLECTION HEADER SYSTEMS
5.1 General
5.2 Process Design of Vent Headers
5.3 Liquid in Vent Headers
5.4 Materials of Construction
5.5 Static Electricity Hazard
5.6 Diversion Systems
5.7 Snuffing Systems
6 SAFE DESIGN OF THERMAL OXIDISERS
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Design Basis
6.3 Types of High Temperature Thermal Oxidizer
6.4 Refractories
6.5 Flue Gas Treatment
6.6 Control and Safety Systems
6.7 Project Program
6.8 Commissioning
6.9 Operational and Maintenance Management
APPENDICES
A GLOSSARY
B FLAMMABILITY
C EXAMPLE PROFORMA
D REFERENCES
DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THIS PROCESS GUIDE
TABLE
1 PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE CREATION POTENTIAL REFERENCED
TO ETHYLENE AS UNITY
FIGURES
1 SCHEMATIC OF TYPICAL VENT COLLECTION AND THERMAL OXIDIZER SYSTEM
2 TYPICAL KNOCK-OUT POT WITH LUTED DRAIN
3 SCHEMATIC OF DIVERSION SYSTEM
4 CONVENTIONAL VERTICAL THERMAL OXIDIZER
5 CONVENTIONAL OXIDIZER WITH INTEGRAL WATER SPARGER
6 THERMAL OXIDIZER WITH STAGED AIR INJECTION
7 DOWN-FIRED UNIT WITH WATER BATH QUENCH
8 FLAMELESS THERMAL OXIDATION UNIT
9 THERMAL OXIDIZER WITH REGENERATIVE HEAT RECOVERY
10 TYPICAL PROJECT PROGRAM
11 TYPICAL FLAMMABILITY DIAGRAM
12 EFFECT OF DILUTION WITH AIR
13 EFFECT OF DILUTION WITH AIR ON 100 Rm³ OF FLAMMABLE GAS
PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE SELECTION OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF A...Gerard B. Hawkins
PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE SELECTION OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC EFFLUENT STREAMS
CONTENTS
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
3.1 IPU
3.2 AOS
3.3 BODs
3.4 COD
3.5 TOC
3.6 Toxicity
3.7 Refractory Organics/Hard COD
3.8 Heavy Metals
3.9 EA
3.10 Biological Treatment Terms
3.11 BATNEEC
3.12 BPEO
3.13 EQS/LV
3.14 IPC
3.15 VOC
3.16 F/M Ratio
3.17 MLSS
3.18 MLVSS
4 DESIGN/ECONOMIC GUIDELINES
5 EUROPEAN LEGISLATION
5.1 General
5.2 Integrated Pollution Control (IPC)
5.3 Best Available Techniques Not Entailing Excessive Costs (BATNEEC)
5.4 Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO)
5.5 Environmental Quality Standards(EQS)
6 IPU EXIT CONCENTRATION
7 SITE/LOCAL REQUIREMENTS
8 PROCESS SELECTION PROCEDURE
8.1 Waste Minimization Techniques (WMT)
8.2 AOS Stream Definition
8.3 Technical Check List
8.4 Preliminary Selection of Suitable Technologies
8.5 Process Sequences
8.6 Economic Evaluation
8.7 Process Selection
APPENDICES
A DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - LIST 1
B DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - LIST 2
C THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION PRIORITY CANDIDATE LIST
D THE UK RED LIST
E CURRENT VALUES FOR EUROPEAN COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS AND CORRESPONDING LIMIT VALUES
F ESTABLISHED TECHNOLOGIES
G EMERGING TECHNOLOGY
H PROPRIETARY/LESS COMMON TECHNOLOGIES
J COMPARATIVE COST DATA
PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE REDUCTION OF DISCHARGES TO ATMOSPHERE OF VOLATILE ORGA...Gerard B. Hawkins
PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE REDUCTION OF DISCHARGES TO ATMOSPHERE OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCs)
FOREWORD
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
2 THE NEED FOR VOC CONTROL
3 CONTROL AT SOURCE
3.1 Choice or Solvent
3.2 Venting Arrangements
3.3 Nitrogen Blanketing
3.4 Pump Versus Pneumatic Transfer
3.5 Batch Charging
3.6 Reduction of Volumetric Flow
3.7 Stock Tank Design
4 DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT
4.1 By Inference or Calculation
4.2 Flow Monitoring Equipment
4.3 Analytical Instruments
4.4 Vent Emissions Database
5 ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY
5.1 Available Options
5.2 Selection of Preferred Option
5.3 Condensation
5.4 Adsorption
5.5 Absorption
5.6 Thermal Incineration
5.7 Catalytic Oxidation
5.8 Biological Filtration
5.9 Combinations of Process technologies
5.10 Processes Under Development
6 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
7 REFERENCES
Appendix 1. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potentials
Appendix 2. Examples of Adsorption Preliminary Calculations
Appendix 3. Example of Thermal Incineration Heat and Mass Balance
Appendix 4. Cost Correlations
Getting the Most Out of Your Refinery Hydrogen PlantGerard B. Hawkins
Getting the Most Out of Your Refinery Hydrogen Plant
Contents
Summary
1 Introduction
2 "On-purpose" Hydrogen Production
3 Operational Aspects
4 Uprating Options on the Steam Reformer
4.1 Steam Reforming Catalysts and Tube Metallurgy
4.2 Oxygen-blown Secondary Reformer
4.3 Pre-reforming
4.4 Post-reforming
5 Downstream Units
6 Summary of Uprating Options
7 Conclusions
EMERGENCY ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL PLANTS
CONTENTS
1 Introduction
2 When should Emergency Isolation Valves be Installed
3 Emergency Isolation Valves and Associated Equipment
3.1 Installations on existing plant
3.2 Actuators
3.3 Power to close or power to open
3.4 The need for testing
3.5 Hand operated Emergency Valves
3.6 The need to stop pumps in an emergency
3.7 Location of Operating Buttons
3.8 Use of control valves for Isolation
4 Detection of Leaks and Fires
5 Precautions during Maintenance
6 Training Operators to use Emergency Isolation Valves
7 Emergency Isolation when no remotely operated valve is available
References
Glossary
Appendix I Some Fires or Serious Escapes of Flammable Gases or Liquids that could have been controlled by Emergency Isolation Valves
Appendix II Some typical Installations
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
2. AMINES GAS TREATING
Best Practices Guide
Contents
Process Capabilities for gas treating process
Typical Amine Treating
Typical Amine System Improvements
Primary Equipment Overview
Inlet Gas Knockout
Absorber
Three Phase Flash Tank
Lean/Rich Heat Exchanger
Regenerator
Filtration
Amine Reclaimer
WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
3. AMINES GAS TREATING
Best Practices Guide
Contents
Operating Difficulties Overview
Foaming
Failure to Meet Gas Specification
Solvent Losses
Corrosion
Typical Amine System Improvements
Degradation of Amines and Alkanolamines during
Sour Gas Treating
APPENDIX
Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide
WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
17. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Typical Amine System
Before entering the absorber, the gas is
passed through an inlet separator where
entrained droplets or slugs of liquid are
removed from the gas stream by
impaction devices (to the right >>>>>)
Inlet Gas Knockout
Baffles remove a portion of the liquids. Mist eliminator pads, located
near the gas outlet of the tank, trap the rest. Typical contaminants in
natural gas streams may be liquid hydrocarbons, salt water, sands, well
treating compounds, pipeline treating chemicals, and compressor oils.
18. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Typical Amine System
The sour gas, freed of entrained
liquids by the inlet separator, enters
the bottom of the absorber. Usually
the absorber is a tray column;
although packed columns are also
used. In either case, the objective is
to provide intimate contact between
the gas and the amine solvent so that
the H2S and C02 molecules can
transfer from the gas phase to the
solvent liquid phase. In tray columns,
a liquid level is maintained on each
tray by a weir usually 2 or 3 inches
high (Figure >>>>>).
Tray Tower Absorber
19. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Typical Amine System
Three Phase Flash Tank
In many units the rich amine solution is
sent from the absorber to a flash
skimmer tank to recover hydrocarbons
that may have dissolved or condensed
in the amine solution in the absorber.
The pressure of the solution is dropped
as it enters the tank, allowing the
lightest of the hydrocarbons to flash.
The heavier hydrocarbons remain as a
liquid, but separate from the aqueous
amine, forming a separate liquid layer.
20. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Typical Amine System
Lean/Rich Heat Exchanger
The rich solvent is preheated before entering
the stripper. Because the lean amine exiting the
reboiler must be cooled before entering the
absorber, there is an opportunity to exchange
heat from the lean to the rich stream, thereby
reducing the heat load on the reboiler.
This is usually done in a shell and tube
lean/rich heat exchanger with the rich solvent
passed through the tubes, which are usually
made of stainless steel.
Note: Recommended maximum velocity to minimize corrosion
in the tubes is 3 or 3.5 feet/sec.
21. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Typical Amine System
Regenerator
Like the absorber, the stripper is either
a tray or packed column with
approximately 20 trays or the equivalent
height in packing. To minimize amine
vaporization loss, there may be a water
wash section at the top of the column
with an additional four to six trays.
The preheated rich amine enters near
the top of the column and flows down
countercurrent to a gas stream of
steam, H2S, and C02. The steam is
generated in the reboiler, lowering the
partial pressure of H2S and C02 in the
gas stream, enhancing driving force of
the acid gases from the amine solution.
22. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Typical Amine System
Filtration
A filtration scheme of mechanical and
activated carbon filters is important in
maintaining good solution control.
Mechanical filters such as, cartridge
filters or precoat filters remove
particulate material while call filters
remove chemical contaminants such
as entrained hydrocarbons and
surface-active compounds.
Filters are located in the rich line in some plants, and in the line in
others. One manufacturer recommends filters in both rich and lean
lines. Locating the filters in the rich line upstream of the lean rich
heat exchanger will protect both the heat exchanger and the
stripper from plugging, and reduce the erosion/corrosion rate in
the heat exchanger.
23. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Typical Amine System
Filtration
A 10 to 20 micron mechanical filter
should be adequate for particulate
removal. If cotton filters are used, the
cotton should be virgin cot ton rather
than recycled. Recycled cottons
may contain fibers with coatings which
may be the source of amine solution
foaming problems.
Circulation rates through mechanical filters range from 5% of the
circulating system to full fl depending on the degree of contamination.
Recommendations for flow to carbon filters range from less than I
percent to 5 to 10 percent and some units have been built with full flow.
24. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Criteria In determining when a carbon bed should be changed
The following can be used as a guide:
1) a high pressure drop across the bed, caused by solids plugging
the voids;
2) a color comparison between a sample taken from the outlet
of the filter and a plant sample run through fresh carbon in the lab.
Active carbon will remove color;
3) an increase in foaming tendency in the plant, or the start of
a foaming problem.
Typical Amine System
Filtration
27. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties
Amine gas sweetening plants can experience operating
difficulties including foaming, failure to meet sweet gas
specification, high solvent losses, corrosion, fouling of
equipment, and contamination of the amine solution.
Often one operating difficulty is the cause of another.
Not all plants experience the same problems to the same degree,
and what may be a continual problem in one plant may occur
only rarely in another.
Typical Amine System
31. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties: Foaming I
Typical Amine System
Pure aqueous amine solutions do not foam. It is only in the presence of
contaminants such as condensed hydrocarbons, small suspended
particulate matter, or other surface active agents such as some pipeline
corrosion inhibitors or compressor oils, that a foaming problem may
develop.
Foaming usually occurs in the absorber or the stripping tower, and is
accompanied by a sudden noticeable increase in the differential
pressure across the column.
Other indications of a foaming condition may be a high solvent
carryover, a drop in liquid levels, and the detection of off-specification
gas.
32. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties: Foaming II
Typical Amine System
An immediate method to control a foaming problem is the addition of
an antifoam at a location just upstream of the foam.
Effective foam inhibitors for amine sweetening systems are silicone
antifoams and polyalkylene glycols. Also widely used are high-boiling
alcohols such as oleyl aIcohol and octylphenoxyethanol.
It is advisable to test the antifoam on a plant sample in the laboratory
before applying it in the field to verify that it will break the foam.
In the event that one antifoam is ineffective, switching to another
antifoam may solve the problem.
33. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties: Foaming III
Typical Amine System
The silicone antifoams have proven to be quick and effective in
controlling foaming problems in the gas treating industry. When using
a silicone antifoam, the antifoam should be added downstream of the
carbon filters because carbon filters will adsorb the silicone.
Care should be exercised with respect to the amount of silicone
antifoam added to a system.
The silicone antifoams should be used only in small quantities, as
recommended by the manufacturer.
It is important to be aware that silicone antifoams used in excessive
quantities have the potential to promote the formation of foam.
34. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties: Foaming IV
Typical Amine System
The use of an antifoam may only be a temporary solution to a
continuing problem. The objective in controlling foaming should be to
minimize the level of contaminants in the amine solution.
Of critical importance is the prevention of entrained contaminants in
the feed gas from entering the amine system.
The inlet separator, equipped with a demister pad and possibly filters,
is instrumental in trapping most contaminants, and should be
monitored to insure that it is operating efficiently and not being
overloaded.
Mechanical and carbon filters are necessary in maintaining a clean
solution. In order to prevent hydrocarbons from condensing in the
absorber, the lean amine feed temperature should be held between 10'F
and 20'F above the temperature of the feed gas.
37. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties
Typical Amine System
Failure to Meet Gas Specification I
Difficulty in meeting the sweet gas specification may be the result of
poor contact between the gas and the amine solvent, which may in turn
be caused by foaming or mechanical problems in the contacting
equipment.
In the case of foaming, the gas remains trapped in bubbles, unable to
contact the rest of the solvent, resulting in poor mass transfer of acid
gas from the gas to the amine solution.
In terms of mechanical damage, if trays are broken or have fallen, there
may not be enough contact zones (trays) for adequate sweetening. If the
trays are plugged, there is less contact between the gas and liquid on
each tray, resulting in poorer sweetening.
38. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties
Typical Amine System
Failure to Meet Gas Specification II
Other explanations for off-specification gas may be related to the amine
solution:
The circulation rate may be too low,
The amine concentration too low,
The lean solution temperature may be too high,
The acid gas loading in the lean solution may be too high.
Monoethanolamine systems usually run with solution concentrations
between 10 and 20 weight percent MEA, and a lean loading of 0.1 moles
acid gas/mole of MEA.
39. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties
Typical Amine System
Failure to Meet Gas Specification III
Diethanolamine systems are between 20 and 30 weight percent DEA,
with lean loadings of 0.02 to 0.05 moles acid gas/mole DEA.
In order to reach these lean loadings, regeneration resulting in a steam-
to-acid gas ratio ranging from 1:1 to 3:1 (moles steam: moles acid gas)
in the stripper overhead gas is usually required (1). In some cases, even
higher ratios may be necessary to bring the loading down, as in low-
pressure treating applications.
40. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties
Typical Amine System
Failure to Meet Gas Specification IV
One way to estimate the overhead steam-to-acid gas ratio, knowing the
stripper overhead temperature and pressure, is to use steam table data
and Raoult's law:
PP H2O = x H2O psat
where: PP H2O = partial pressure of water in the overhead gas;
X H2O = mole fraction of water in the amine solvent;
psat = vapor pressure of pure water at the temperature
of the overhead gas.
41. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties
Typical Amine System
Failure to Meet Gas Specification V
Approximating the overhead gas as an ideal gas containing water, H2S
and C02, the partial pressure of the acid gases can be obtained by
subtracting the partial pressure of water, calculated from Raoult's law,
from the stripper overhead pressure:
PPacid gas = Poverhead – PP H2O
The ratio of water partial pressure to acid gas partial pressure is equal to
the mole ratio of steam to acid gas.
42. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties
Typical Amine System
Failure to Meet Gas Specification VI
As an example calculation of the steam-to-acid gas ratio, a stripper with
an overhead temperature and pressure of 200'F and 20 psia, carrying a
27 weight percent (6 mole percent) DEA solvent, has a corresponding
water vapor pressure of 11.5 psia as obtained from the steam tables.
From Raoult's law, the partial pressure of water is 10.8 psia:
PPH2 0 = (0.94) (11.5) = 10.8 psia
The partial pressure of acid gas would be 20 psia less 10.3 psia or 9.19
psia, and the overhead steam-to-acid gas ratio would be 1.2 moles
steam/mole acid gas (10.8 -t 9.19).
44. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties
Typical Amine System
Solvent Losses
Amine losses are largely through entrainment, caused by
foaming or excessive gas velocities, and by leakage due to
spills or corrosion. In MEA units the reclaimer bottoms
disposal significantly adds to the makeup requirement.
On a much smaller scale are vaporization losses from the
absorber, the overhead condenser, and the flash tank, and
degradation losses by chemical and thermal degradation
47. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties
Typical Amine System
Corrosion I
Corrosion is a problem experienced by many alkanolamine gas
sweetening plants.
When loaded with C02 and H2S, aqueous amine solutions can
become corrosive to carbon steel.
Corrosion rates are increased by high amine concentration, high
acid gas loading, high temperatures, degradation products, and
foaming.
Also corrosive are acid gases flashed from solution.
48. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties
Typical Amine System
Corrosion II
Monoethanolamine is more reactive than diethanolamine and similarly more
corrosive. As a result, the concentration of MEA is restricted to 10 to 20
weight percent, while DEA strengths range from 20 to 30 weight percent.
Rich solution loadings are normally limited to the range of 0.25 to 0.45
moles acid gas/mole MEA, while in DEA systems loadings may range from
0.5 to 0.6 moles acid gas/mole DEA.
The corrosiveness of a loaded amine solution is strongly influenced by the
relative proportion Of C02 to H2S in the feed gas. C02 is more corrosive to
carbon steel than is H2S in aqueous systems.
49. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties
Typical Amine System
Corrosion III
Thus, for gases containing a higher ratio Of C02 to H2S, the rich
acid gas loading should be maintained at the lower end of the
recommended loading range.
In cases where the feed gas is predominantly H2S, loadings at
the higher end of the loading range may be acceptable.
In terms of design, a number of measures can be taken to
minimize corrosion. Solution velocities should not exceed 3 or
3.5 ft/sec.
50. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties
Typical Amine System
Corrosion IV
The rich solution should be on the tube side of the lean/rich heat
exchanger, and pressure should be maintained on the exchanger to
prevent acid gases from flashing, creating an erosion/corrosion cycle.
A low temperature heating medium should be used in the reboiler,
thereby preventing accelerated corrosion rates and thermal degradation
of the amine.
All equipment should be stress relieved.
51. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Operating Difficulties
Typical Amine System
Corrosion V
There are certain areas of amine sweetening plants which are more
susceptible to corrosion than others, and, as a result, are often
constructed of corrosion-resistant materials such as Type 304 stainless
steel.
These areas include:
1) the lean/rich heat exchanger tube bundle,
2) the reboiler tube bundle,
3) the stripping column, particularly the upper section and
overhead gas line,
4) the reflux condenser, and
5) the rich solvent let-down valve and subsequent piping to the
stripper.
54. AMINES GAS TREATING
Best Practices Guide
Contents
Degradation of Amines and Alkanolamines
during Sour Gas Treating
Figure 1. Sour gas sweetening process
Figure 2. Causes of amine degradation
Figure 3. Problems irreversible degradation reaction
Figure 4. Foam formations in the interior of the stripper by degradation
products
Figure 5. Foam formations by degradation products
Figure 6. Crevice corrosion in the junction of pipelines
Figure 7. Pitting corrosion occurring at the end of the pipe junction
Figure 8. Fouling effect in the pipe line of gas sweetening plant
Figure 9. CO2 induced degradation of MEA
Figure 10. Reaction responsible for the degradation of DEA by C02
Figure 11. CO2 induced degradation of PZ and MDEA
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55. AMINES GAS TREATING
Best Practices Guide
Contents
Degradation of Amines and Alkanolamines
during Sour Gas Treating
Table 1. Degradation products of MEA induced by CO2
Table 2. Degradation products of MEA induced by CO2 and O2
Table 3. Degradation products of DEA induced by CS2
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65. Amines: Gas Treating
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Degradation through irreversible side reactions
With CO2, H2S and O2 leads to numerous problems
with the process:
solvent loss
foaming
fouling
increased viscosity
corrosion
Major problems associated with chemical absorption using alkanolamines
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Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
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Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
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Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
92. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
93. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
94. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
95. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
96. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
97. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
98. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
99. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
100. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
101. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
102. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
103. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
104. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
105. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
106. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
107. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
108. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
109. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
110. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
111. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
112. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
113. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
114. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
115. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
116. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
117. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
118. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
119. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
120. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
121. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
122. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
123. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
124. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
125. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
126. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
127. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
128. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
129. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
130. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
131. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
132. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
133. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
134. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
135. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
136. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
137. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
138. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
139. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown Activation
Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass Balance Analysis Catalyst
Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance Characterization Refining & Gas Processing &
Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts / Process Technology - Ammonia Catalyst / Process Technology -
Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining
& Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
147. Amines: Gas Treating
WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM
Reference List
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