Reduction of chromate
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Chromate Reduction By the Flow Method A glass column (ht. 50 em, dia 2.5 em) was packed with 25 g of granulated slag (2-4 mm) from a steel plant. While packing, the same weight (25 g) of glass beads was ~ added to the slag to facilitate a convenient flow within the column. Distilled water (20 ml) was then placed in the column to s~bmerge the contents of the column. The chromate solution of known concentration and acidity was placed in a separatory funnel, and the chromate solution was allowed to flow at a rate of 4.2-5.2 ml/min. The first collection (20 ml) of the effluent which contained mostly distilled water was rejected.
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Application of Zinc Refining Process, Book of Non-Ferrous Metal, Book on Non-Ferrous and Precious Metals with Electroplating Chemicals, Chemical Extraction of Precious Metals, Chemicals are used for the preparation of precious metal plating, Chromium Chemistry, Chromium occurrence, principles of extraction, Chromium uses, Copper extraction and purification, Copper extraction techniques, Copper refining process, Electrolysis of Magnesium Chloride, Electrolysis Production of Magnesium, Electrolytic processes for the extraction of nickel, Electroplating Chemicals & Non Ferrous Metals, Electroplating Chemicals, Essential Guide to Investing in Precious Metals, Extracting Lead Materials from Ore, Extracting precious metals from electronics, Extraction of Copper, Extraction of Lead, Extraction of nickel from its ore, Extraction of nickel from sulphide ore, Extraction of Nonferrous Metals book, Extraction of nonferrous metals, Extraction of Platinum Group Metals, Extraction of precious metals, Extraction of zinc by electrolysis, Extraction of Zinc, Gold Extraction in India, How electroplating works, How is lead processed?, How is nickel extracted?, How lead is made - material, used, processing, product, industry, How Nickel is produced, How to remove precious metals, How to start Non-ferrous Businesses, How to start Precious Metals Businesses, How to start your own Precious Metals Business, Indian Non-Ferrous Metals Industry, Lead Essential Chemical Industry, Lead processing, Lead smelting, producing and classification, Lead uses, Magnesium electrolysis process, Magnesium Essential Chemical Industry, Magnesium Production in India, Method used to extract nickel, Nickel electroplating, Nickel processing, Nickel smelting process, Nickel uses, Nickel, non ferrous extractive metallurgy book, non ferrous metal Business Line, non ferrous metal business, non ferrous metals, Non-ferrous and Precious Metals Businesses, Non-Ferrous and Precious Metals Mining Projects, Nonferrous Metal Processing Business Unit, Non-Ferrous Metal Scrap Business, Non-ferrous metals Aluminium, Non-Ferrous Metals and their Uses,
Chromium ppt
Chromium is a silvery transition metal that occurs naturally in ores like chromite. It has several important industrial uses including in stainless steel production and metal plating. Chromium exists in two main oxidation states, Cr3+ and Cr6+, with Cr6+ being more toxic and carcinogenic. Alternative plating methods are being developed to replace the use of hexavalent chromium due to its health and environmental risks.
Chromium and insulin sensitivity
Chromium is a chemical element important for sugar and lipid metabolism. It enhances insulin sensitivity by activating glucose transporter 4 trafficking and stimulating insulin-stimulated glucose transport via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism. This allows chromium to increase glucose cell intake and glycogen synthesis, elevating exercise performance, especially for aerobic exercise. However, high chromium intake without supplements is unlikely to provide benefits, and some chromium forms like hexavalent chromium are toxic and carcinogenic.
40 cfr 261.4(b)(6) The RCRA Exclusion From Hazardous Waste for Trivalent Chro...
40 cfr 261.4(b)(6) The RCRA Exclusion From Hazardous Waste for Trivalent Chro...Daniels Training Services
This presentation discusses the exclusion from regulation as a hazardous waste for certain wastes containing trivalent chromium under 40 CFR 261.4(b)(6). Specifically, it exempts wastes that contain chromium in the non-hazardous trivalent form if the generator can demonstrate that the chromium is exclusively trivalent, from a process that exclusively uses trivalent chromium, and is typically managed without oxidation to the hazardous hexavalent form. It provides examples of wastes from leather tanning, shoe manufacturing and titanium dioxide production that meet these criteria and are excluded if they do not fail the toxicity characteristic for other constituents.Removal of chromium
Chromium is a metal that exists in several oxidation
• Chromium is a metal that exists in several oxidation or valence states, ranging from chromium (-II) to chromium (+VI).
• Chromium compounds are very stable in the trivalent state and occur naturally in this state in ores such as ferrochromite, or chromite ore.
• Chrome III is an essential nutrient for maintaining blood glucose levels
• The hexavalent, Cr(VI) or chromate, is the second most stable state. It rarely occurs naturally.
Chromium problems
The document summarizes chromium-free pre-treatment processes for aluminium as alternatives to chromate conversion coatings. It describes several processes including those based on molybdate, permanganate, phosphate, and titanium/zirconium, as well as cerium-based processes, silane treatments, and anodizing. Each process is outlined briefly, noting advantages such as corrosion protection and adhesion, as well as limitations regarding color, thickness, or variability in performance between alloy types. Health, environmental and regulatory concerns with chromate and other hazardous chemicals like hydrofluoric acid are also summarized.
Aluminum Anodizing
Anodizing is an electrochemical process that converts the metal surface of aluminum to aluminum oxide. It produces a coating that is very durable, corrosion resistant, and maintains the metallic appearance of the aluminum. The anodizing process involves racking parts for processing, cleaning, etching, anodizing in an acid bath using electricity, coloring or sealing the pores, and testing to quality check the coating. Anodized aluminum has advantages like durability, low maintenance, and an environmentally friendly process.
TALAT Lecture 5203: Anodizing of Aluminium
This lecture describes the process of anodic oxidation of aluminium, which is one of the most unique and commonly used surface treatment techniques for aluminium; it illustrates the weathering behaviour of anodized surfaces. Some familiarity with the subject matter covered in TALAT This lectures 5101- 5104 is assumed.
Methods for removal of chromium
this ppt will help to those people who want to know about methods to removal chromium from waste water......
Surface treatment an overview
The document discusses various surface treatment techniques including:
1. Conversion coatings like oxidation, phosphating, and chromating which form protective surface layers.
2. Metal coatings such as electroplating, electroless plating, and immersion plating which deposit thin metal layers.
3. Thermal treatments like carburizing, nitriding, and hot-dip coatings which use heat to diffuse elements into surfaces.
4. Vapor deposition methods including chemical and physical vapor deposition to deposit thin films.
5. Organic coatings like paints, enamels and lacquers which form protective painted layers.
Cobalt
Meaning of Cobalt
Ore's of Cobalt
Uses of Cobalt
Extraction of Cobalt
Chemical Properties of Cobalt
Physical Properties of Cobalt
Project Management Challenges in an Effluent Treatment Plant Construction
Tata Steel operates India’s largest chromite mines at the Sukinda Valley in Odisha producing chrome ore which is subsequently converted it to Ferro Chrome and sold to customers across the world. A large quantity of water, generated during mining and due to rainfall, needs to be handled during the mining operations. Chrome Ore mainly contains tri-valent Chromic oxide and a very small fraction of hexavalent di-chromate. Water coming in contact with chromium ore preferentially leaches out soluble hexavalent chromium from the ore body, as a result, water from the mine contains 0.2 – 4 mg/l of hexavalent chromium against a safe limit of 0.005 mg/l for human consumption; requiring all water to be treated before its release from the mines. Thus, Tata Steel is setting up an effluent plant at Sukinda with a capacity of 108 million litres/day; perhaps one of the largest in the region; which will be complete by end June 2015.
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Production, Manufacturing and Extraction of Silver, Gold, Copper, Magnesium,...
Production, Manufacturing and Extraction of Silver, Gold, Copper, Magnesium,...
40 cfr 261.4(b)(6) The RCRA Exclusion From Hazardous Waste for Trivalent Chro...
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Project Management Challenges in an Effluent Treatment Plant Construction
Project Management Challenges in an Effluent Treatment Plant Construction
Similar to Reduction of chromate
Acid mine drainage occurrence and its remediation
provide knowledge to environmental, geology, mining and mineral processing students on the occurrence of Acid Mine drainage and remediation.
F027035040
This document summarizes research on using eucalyptus bark as a bioadsorbent to remove chromium from tannery effluent. Experiments were conducted using both synthetic effluent and real effluent collected from tanneries. The results showed that eucalyptus bark was effective at removing chromium, with removal rates increasing with lower pH, higher temperature, and longer contact time. Adsorption data fit the Langmuir isotherm model well, indicating eucalyptus bark can successfully remove chromium from tannery wastewater.
Chlorides environmental chemistry Laboratory
This document provides information about chlorides, including:
- Chlorides make up 0.05% of the earth's crust and occur naturally in freshwater at levels of 1-100 ppm.
- Sodium chloride is the most abundant sodium mineral and comprises 2.8% of the earth's crust.
- Other sources of chlorides include wastewater, agricultural runoff, and road salting.
- The largest salt mining company in the US produces 10,000-18,000 tons of salt per day, which is used to de-ice roads by lowering the freezing point of water.
Application for ceramic filter and reverse osmosis membrane for produced wate...
Ceramic filters and reverse osmosis membranes are both commonly used in the treatment of produced water in oil and gas operations.
1. **Ceramic Filters:**
- **Application:** Ceramic filters are often used as a pre-treatment step for produced water. They can remove suspended solids, oil, and some organic compounds. Ceramic filters are particularly effective in handling high temperatures and harsh chemicals commonly found in produced water.
- **Benefits:** They offer high chemical and thermal resistance, low operating costs, and can operate in harsh conditions without degradation. They are also relatively easy to maintain and have a long lifespan.
2. **Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membranes:**
- **Application:** RO membranes are typically employed for further treatment of produced water after pre-treatment with ceramic filters. They are effective in removing dissolved solids, salts, and other contaminants, producing high-quality water suitable for reuse or discharge.
- **Benefits:** RO membranes offer high removal efficiencies for dissolved solids, are capable of producing high-quality water, and are relatively compact compared to other treatment methods. However, they require careful monitoring and maintenance to prevent fouling and scaling.
**Combined Application:**
- Using ceramic filters as a pre-treatment step can help protect RO membranes by removing larger particles and reducing fouling potential, thereby extending the lifespan and efficiency of the RO system.
- Together, ceramic filters and RO membranes can effectively treat produced water to meet regulatory standards for discharge or reuse, contributing to environmental sustainability and operational efficiency in oil and gas operations.
Assessment of ground water contamination for heavy metals in the proximity of...
This document discusses assessment of groundwater contamination from heavy metals near ash ponds from coal-fired power plants. It provides background on coal ash production in India and its disposal. The objectives are to study leaching of toxic elements from fly ash samples into water and to examine impacts on groundwater and surface water quality. Methods described include fly ash sampling, leachate extraction tests using different solutions, and analysis of heavy metals in leachates and water samples. Results show levels of metals like lead exceeded drinking water standards. Discussions suggest metal leaching depends on solution pH and fly ash surface associations. The study aims to evaluate compliance for safe disposal of coal fly ash.
Synthesis of polymer supported nanoscale zerovalent iron and its
Nano particles have been vastly and widely used in the sector of environment for various purposes; one of the application is remediation of ground water. In this presentation i have worked out the used of a nano compound(nZVI) entrapping it with a polymer(Alginate) for the removal of various contaminants like Arsenic, Chromium, Fluoride, Nitrate and A dye(Rhodamine B) from drinking water.
Red mud processing and utilization
This document discusses red mud, a waste product generated during alumina production from bauxite using the Bayer process. It consists primarily of iron oxide (30-60%) along with other compounds such as aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, sodium oxide and titanium oxide. Approximately 1-2.5 tons of red mud is produced per ton of alumina. The document outlines the environmental issues with disposing of red mud, including its high pH and potential contamination of groundwater. It also describes various methods used for storage and disposal, as well as research into neutralizing and utilizing red mud for applications such as construction materials and metal recovery.
Coal mine water management
1. The document discusses water management issues related to coal mining in Jharia, India. The total water demand is 83.5 Mgd but only 61 Mgd is available from underground mine pumping.
2. Mine water is classified into three categories (A-1, A-2, A-3) based on water quality parameters like pH, alkalinity, hardness, TDS, and bacterial contamination.
3. Acid mine drainage (AMD) is formed when sulfide minerals in rocks and coal are exposed to air and water. It is low pH and contains high concentrations of metals and sulfate which can harm the environment, living things, and property if not treated properly.
Water Technology.pptx
This document discusses various aspects of water chemistry and water treatment technologies. It covers the properties of water, specifications for drinking water, types of impurities in water, methods for analyzing water quality parameters like hardness, alkalinity, chlorides, and dissolved oxygen. It also discusses issues caused by hard water in boilers and methods for softening hard water including zeolite and ion exchange processes.
Unit 1
The document provides an overview of the Environmental Engineering-II course. It discusses various topics that will be covered including water treatment, waste water treatment, and solid waste management. The goal is for students to understand concepts of preserving water quality and the latest treatment technologies. Specific areas covered in more depth include:
- Beneficial uses of water and quality requirements, dividing parameters into physical, chemical, and biological.
- Common physical parameters like turbidity, temperature, and their measurement. Chemical characteristics like pH, hardness, chlorides.
- Waste water characteristics and its physical, chemical properties. Pathogens in water and methods to control diseases.
Dyeing house water
This document discusses water used in textile processing. It provides information on the sources of water, the types of water used, and the percentage of water consumed during different textile processes like bleaching and dyeing. The types of water are defined as soft water and hard water. The causes and types of hardness are explained. Methods for removing hardness from water are described, including boiling, Clark's process, washing soda process, lime-soda process, and ion exchange. Problems that can occur from using hard water in textile processing are outlined. Standard quality parameters for dye house water are listed.
Shale gas mining presentation by Brett Hall, Oatlands Tasmania, Australia
Brett looks at the potential impacts of shale gas mining on farms around Oatlands and other areas of Tasmania. Brett is a local farmer concerned about the effects of chemicals on ground water as well as other potential hazards.
Seminar on replacement of fine aggregate
The document discusses the use of various industrial wastes as partial replacements for fine aggregate in concrete. It describes the physical and chemical properties of wastes like waste foundry sand, steel slag, copper slag, ISF slag, bottom ash, and palm oil clinker. It examines how replacing sand with these wastes affects the fresh and hardened properties of concrete, including slump, density, strength, and durability. Replacing up to 30% of sand with steel slag or 20% with waste foundry sand can improve concrete properties. Concrete with copper slag or bottom ash shows higher slump, while palm oil clinker concrete has lower density. The document concludes many wastes can be utilized in concrete without compromising quality.
Cooling water treatment
This document discusses cooling water treatment at a fertilizer plant in India. It provides details on the plant's cooling towers and water chemistry parameters. Cooling water treatment is needed to prevent corrosion, scaling, and microbial fouling of the system. Common issues like corrosion, scaling, and biofouling are discussed along with the mechanisms of corrosion inhibition, scale inhibition, and microbial control through chemical treatment.
wtp_ppt_ub.ppt
The document discusses boiler water treatment. The key purposes of boiler water treatment are to prevent scale formation, corrosion, and carryover. It discusses various treatment methods like filtration, softening, and deaeration to purify feedwater before it enters the boiler. Chemicals are also added to control pH, oxygen, and total dissolved solids to ensure steam purity and protect boiler components from corrosion and scale. Proper water treatment is necessary to maintain high availability, efficiency, and lifespan of boilers and turbines.
Water parameters for textile indusdtry
This document discusses important parameters for water quality used in textile wet processing. It outlines the major water consuming processes in textile industry such as bleaching, dyeing, and printing. The desirable water quality parameters for textile wet processing are listed, including pH between 6.5-7.5, TDS of 300 ppm or less, total hardness of 30 ppm or less. Using hard or unsuitable water can cause defects like shade variation and damage textiles due to precipitation of dyes or metal ions.
Ecomix Presentation 2014 (EN)
Ecomix is an advanced softening material which solves 5 typical problems of well water in one step and in one system
Unit-1 Water Technology.pptx
This document summarizes information about water technology and engineering chemistry. It discusses the importance of water, sources of water including surface and underground water, reasons for depletion of underground water, types of water including hard and soft water, units used to measure water hardness, and problems related to hard water in domestic and industrial uses. It also covers impurities in water, disadvantages of hard water, and issues that can occur in boilers like scale formation, sludge formation, priming, foaming, and corrosion.
Water hardness and treatment
Water in the textile industry and major water consuming section in the textile industry. Source of water and desirable water parameters.
Water quality
The document discusses the impact of coal mining on surface and groundwater quality. Coal mining produces large volumes of polluted water that deteriorates water quality when discharged. Key causes of water pollution include seepage from mining areas and effluent from coal processing. Water quality parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, and metal concentrations are negatively impacted. Acid mine drainage decreases pH and increases metal levels, while organic enrichment decreases dissolved oxygen. The study found various rivers in Meghalaya, India had elevated levels of sulfate, iron and acidity due to mining discharge.
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Application for ceramic filter and reverse osmosis membrane for produced wate...
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Synthesis of polymer supported nanoscale zerovalent iron and its
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Shale gas mining presentation by Brett Hall, Oatlands Tasmania, Australia
Shale gas mining presentation by Brett Hall, Oatlands Tasmania, Australia
More from Dr. sreeremya S
Offf shore wind park
Trends in the geometric size and rated power capacity of offshore wind turbines, the main components of an OWT system, encompassing a typical monopile foundation, the substructure, transition piece, the tower, rotor blades and nacelle (hub). Modern OWTs are installed with either pitch-regulated blades or variable rotational speed systems in order to allow optimisation of the power production over a wide range of prevailing wind speeds. The rotational speed of the main rotor shaft is typically between about 10 and 20 rp. Key electromechanical components of the wind turbine, including the gearbox and the generator (Roberts et al.,2007). The gearbox may cause efficiency losses for the wind turbine and is the particular source of the noise. Recent developments in the design of permanent magnet generators have made it possible to construct some types of wind turbines without the requirement for a gearbox. In this case, the rotor is mainly connected directly to a low-speed multi-pole generator that rotates at the same speed, termed the direct-drive unit. Removing the gearbox mainly removes one of the key components requiring more maintenance, and that is mainly prone to failure. This simplification of the mechanical part allows reductions in size and the mass of the nacelle (Gilling, 2009).
Plant based bifuel
The source of energy captured by plants is the sun, which will be the constant source of energy for the next few billion years. The carbon released from the burning of biofuels is continually cycled rather than being released from the ancient fixed carbon sources, as is the case for fossil petroleum and natural gas. The problem is that the cost of the production of fuels from lignocellulose and plant oils is high and this nascent industry cannot compete with the oil prices. Current progress: For the past two decades, ethanol has been synthesized primarily from cornstarch and cane sugar. Fourteen billion gallons of ethanol were synthesized in the USA from cornstarch in 2014. Approximately 40% of the current USA corn crop is availed to produce ethanol and is not likely to expand anymore, because the remainder of the crop is being availed for animal feed and human food. Ethanol is produced from cane sugar in Brazil at a level of 7.2 billion gallons in the year 2014. The renewable energy source is the major terrain to be considered (Sreeremya, 2019).
Agroforestry
Agroforestry has a high potential for simultaneously satisfying three important objectives viz., protecting and also stabilizing the ecosystems; producing a high level of output of economic goods; and improving the income and basic materials to the rural population. It has helped in the rehabilitation of the degraded lands on the one hand and has increased farm productivity on the other. At present, agroforestry meets almost half of the demand for fuelwood, 2/3 of the small timber, approx. 70-80 per cent wood for plywood, 60 per cent raw material for paper pulp and approx. 9-11 per cent of the green fodder requirement of livestock, besides meeting the subsistence needs of the households for food, fruit, fiber, medicine etc.
Phenylthiocarbamide (ptc)
Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is a bitter tasting chemical compound that some people can taste while others cannot. The ability to taste PTC is determined by a single gene and is inherited in a dominant fashion, with tasters having the genotype TT and non-tasters having tt. Studies have found differences in the frequency of the tasting allele between different human populations. Characterizing the exact PTC gene could help further examine its associations with food preferences and certain medical disorders.
Initial corrosion behavior of element copper in atmospheric environment
Copper and copper-based alloys encompassing brasses (Cu-Zn) and bronzes (Cu-Sn)are widely used in different industrial and the societal applications. They are common engineering materials in modern architecture and primarily availed for roofing and facade cladding due to their significance of visual appearance (important from an architectural perspective in terms of the design or during renovation of modern or ancient cultural building), ductility, malleability, the atmospheric corrosion resistance and long-term performance. When exposed to air, the copper forms a brownish-green or greenish blue corrosion layer, often denoted as the patina. Copper patina is commonly known as an aesthetically pleasing surface, and one reason for the extensive use of the copper metal and copper-based alloys in both the ancient and modern architecture. One of the most famous examples is the Statue of Liberty in the harbor of the New York, US.
Bronze alloys are the family of copper-based alloys traditionally alloyed with tin. Bronze alloys are of the exceptional historic interest and still finds wide applications.
Green chemistry
These approaches encompass new synthesis and processes as well as new tools for instructing aspiring chemists how to do the chemistry in a more environmentally benign manner. The pros to industry as well as the environment are all a part of the positive impact that Green Chemistry is having in the chemistry community and in the society in general. It is important that chemists develop novel Green Chemistry options even on an incremental basis. While all the elements of the lifecycle of a new chemical or process may not be environmentally benign, it is nonetheless pivotal to improve those stages where improvements can be made. The next phase of assessment can then focus on the elements of the lifecycle that are still in need of the improvement. Even though a new Green Chemistry methodology does not solve at once every problem allied with the lifecycle of a particular chemical or process, the advances that it does make are nonetheless very key. Green Chemistry that mainly possesses the spirit of sustainable development was booming in the 1990s
Thermoluminescence
Thermoluminescence is light emission from materials when they are heated after being exposed to radiation. This phenomenon was discovered in photosynthetic materials in the 1950s. The document discusses the use of thermoluminescence to study the effects of various chemicals on photosystem II activity in Chlorella cells. It finds good correlation between reduced photosystem II activity and algal growth inhibition for most chemicals. The document provides an overview of the history and development of using thermoluminescence to study photosynthesis, including identification of components involved in generating the glow curves observed. It describes how cooling and heating photosynthetic membranes in the dark produces light emission at distinct temperatures.
Corona virus current scenario
Corona virus was first identified as the cause of the common cold in 1960. In one study carried out in Canada in 2001, more than 510 patients presented with flu-like symptoms. Virological analyses showed that 3.7% of these cases were positive for the HCoV-NL63 strain by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Until 2002, the corona virus was considered a relatively simple, nonfatal virus; however, an outbreak in 2002–2003 in the Guangdong province in China, which resulted in spread to many other countries, encompassing Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, Hong Kong Singapore, and the United States of America, causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and high mortality rates in over 1000 -1100 patients.
Air purifying plants
In the modern times pollution has become the biggest menace for the survival of the biological species. There are different types of pollution e.g. air, water, soil, sound and mental pollution. Earth was the beautiful landscape but man has ruthlessly exploited for his greed specially, in the last century. With sporadic industrialization and random urbanization environmental pollution has become the serious problem. Over exploitation of open spaces, ever-increasing number of automobiles and the demographic pressure has further aggravated the problem. There are different ways and means to mitigate the urban environmental pollution. Plan-ting of trees and the shrubs for abatement of pollution and improvement of environment is a much effective way and well recognized throughout the world. Earlier, the purpose of planting trees in the urban areas was purely aesthetic (Sheldon et al., 1988a). The incessant increase of urban environmental pollution has necessitated to typically reconsider the whole approach of urban landscaping and its orientation in the order to achieve duel effect i.e. bio-aesthetics and mitigation of pollution.
Relation between haemorrhoids and constipation
Patients frequently complain of bleeding with or without the defecation, a swelling, mild discomfort or irritation. Other symptoms may include soilage or the mucous discharge, pruritis, difficulties with the hygiene, and a sense of incomplete evacuation. Internal hemorrhoids are otherwise painless unless they are mainly thrombosed, prolapsed with edema, or strangulated. External hemorrhoids result in pain when the thrombosis occurs and bleeding if ulceration occurs from pressure necrosis. Skin tags may form from the prior acutely edematous or the thrombosed external haemorrhoids (Johanson et al., 1990
Local food environment and obesity
Given the rapid aggrandize, it has been postulated the environment has a key role in the causation of obesity. Factors such as the neighborhood-scale features (referred to as the built environment) have been mainly identified as influencing diet and physical activity (2). Of particular the importance to this framework are features of the food environment (FE), thus constituting barriers and opportunities to food sources of the varying nutritional quality and energy density (3). The FE is delineated as the physical presence of food that can mainly influence a person’s diet (4). Contributing to the FE is the proximity to food store locations such as mainly the restaurants (fast-food, full service, and bars and pubs) and the retail outlets (food markets/grocery stores and liquor stores). Fast- food establishments generally have foods of lower nutritional quality and higher caloric density than the home-prepared foods (3). Early studies have reported fast-food restaurants to be more common in the neighborhoods with a higher prevalence of obesity. However, more recent studies have been melanged,
Adverse conditon provided for influenza virus (mutated
THIS MUTATED INFLUENZA VIRUS CAN BE TREATED IN PH1-2 . TO CHECK THE LYSIS OF THE VIRUS
SIMULATING THE INTERFERON ACTIVITY HAS TO BE DONE SIMULTANEOUSLY.
Cellulosic bmw
The document discusses cellulosic biomedical waste. It notes that while 76-90% of biomedical waste is non-hazardous, the remaining 10-26% is hazardous to humans, animals, and the environment if not handled properly. Major hospitals generate substantial amounts of biomedical waste, as do smaller facilities like nursing homes and clinics. Common disposal methods like incineration and landfilling are expensive and less environmentally friendly. The Government of India established rules in 1998 to regulate the handling and disposal of biomedical waste, including categories and proper procedures. Key steps for management include segregation by color, storage, transportation, and final treatment or disposal.
Corona virus current scenario (theoretical outlook)
This document discusses the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. It provides background on coronaviruses, noting they were first identified in 1960 and can cause respiratory illnesses like SARS. The current coronavirus emerged in China in late 2019 and has since spread globally, killing hundreds daily. While studies on animals are limited, research aims to develop treatments like RNA silencing. Prevention efforts are led by CDC and WHO. Coronaviruses can spread through airborne droplets and contact with infected animals or humans. Further research is needed to fully understand transmission and develop effective treatments.
Kite turbine for wind energy
INTRODUCTION
As people have seen, the giant industrial wind farms, small household wind turbines, and also everything in between are erecting all over the places. In 2012, the electricity capacity from the wind power in the total electric capacity is about 7.2% in EU, 2.0% in China, and 3.6% in US. Nevertheless, most people agree that wind energy should claim much greater share of the future energy supply. For eg:-, the United States is working on an ambitious target of 21% total electricity capacity by 2030. Indeed, wind energy is one of the fastest growing energy sources today and also in the foreseeable future. However, findings a suitable site to build the wind farm or simply set up the wind turbine is not always easy. The wind must be strong and must be consistent; the tower cannot obstruct the view; and the noise cannot disturb the local residence. Due to the fast growth of the population, it is aggrandizingly difficult to find a suitable place that is proper for a wind turbine yet will not interfere with the people’s everyday life (Srensen et al., 2002).
Electro hybrid system
INTRODUCTION
A lot of basic concepts, technologies and pioneering solutions aiming on very high power densities were mainly developed within the last 20 years. Sometimes this is denoted as the mechatronic system integration or simply as mechatronics. Besides many of the technical aspects, the movings within the value chain represent the great challenge in this process. This is because traditionally defined between electronic device and the power module manufacturers, electronics assemblers, and the metalworking industry will blur or slowly disappear. However, the pressure to go this path increases. If one thinks, e.g., about the hybrid drive as an upgrade option for conventional passenger cars, one is directly faced with the lack of construction space as one of the main serious problems (Alkuhayli et al., 2012).
Excess maize in diet and pellagra
Pellagra may also occur as the result of a variety of (relatively rare) conditions affecting tryptophan metabolism and as a side-effect of the number of drugs that inhibit tryptophan metabolism. In alcoholics, it is unclear whether pellagra is the result of an impairment of tryptophan and the niacin metabolism directly attributable to alcohol, or whether it reflects general under nutrition among the people who obtain a considerable proportion on their energy needs from alcohol, and hence have the low intake of (nutrient rich) foods(Goldberger et al.,1922a).
SYMPTOMS
The major symptoms of pellagra are dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea. This is because niacin deficiency is most noticeable in the body parts with high rates of cell turnover, such as the skin or gastrointestinal tract (Goldberger et al., 1923).
Combined effect of walking and forest
The growing interest in the environmental stress has been accompanied by a rapid accumulation of evidence indicating that the environment can elicit substantial stress in people living in urban environments. Furthermore, it is widely conceived that the natural environment can enhance human health. There have been several questionnaire studies and investigations on the psychological effects of forest environments. A previous study found an enhancement of the positive emotions among subjects who were shown pictures of natural environments. Moreover, other researches have also found that forest environments improve the psychological wellbeing of people
Liquid biopsies
As the techniques that have enabled us to analyses and assess a biopsy become ever more sophisticated, we have realised the limitations of looking at the single snap-shot of the tumour. This single-biopsy bias was highlighted in which it was mainly demonstrated that a portion taken from different parts of a primary tumour and its metastases showed and proved extensive intertumoural and intratumoural evolution. This tumoural heterogeneity mainly highlights the difficulty of dictating a therapeutic course of action based on the single biopsy, as it is likely to underestimate the ramification of the genomic landscape of the tumour (Chomczynski et al., 2016).Having established that there is mainly considerable tumour heterogeneity, taking multiple biopsies from the patients‘ primary tumour and the metastases would seem to be the most obvious next step. There are so much difficulties in obtaining the tissue biopsy— including the discomfort suffered by the patient, the inherent clinical risks to the patient
Rivivna humilis berry extract as fungal source
The introduction of the mankind had marked the continuous exploitation of the plants as organisms and their products for the pharmacological prospects and key features (Guha et al., 1999). In most of the agronomic domains around the globe, the conventional modes of the treatment are still in exercise and also in upcoming research (Srivastava et al., 2003).
These approaches most commonly exploit the various dynamics and much specific potential and applications of plant extracts (Bonde et al., 2007) . The distinctions of the first and foremost large-scale screening of the green plants evaluate and also assess the antimicrobial activity of 2,300 plants (Nautiyal et al., 1984).
Dyeing is an ancient and traditional art which predates written records. It was practised specifically during the Bronze Age in Europe (Sreeremya, 2016). Conventional dyeing techniques encompassed sticking plants to fabric or rubbing crushed pigments into cloth.
More from Dr. sreeremya S (20)
Initial corrosion behavior of element copper in atmospheric environment
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ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
Recently uploaded (20)
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
Reduction of chromate
- 1. REDUCTION OF CHROMATE By sreeremya.s Asst professor,sree narayana guru college,cbe
- 2. • Hexavalent chromium is toxic not only to man but • also to fish for which 1.2 - 5.0 ppm of chromate have • been found to be fatal
- 3. • They are employed in the manufacture of paint • pigments, in chrome tanning, aluminium anodizing and • other metal cleaning, plating and electroplating • operations. The concentrations (mg/1) of chromium (VI) • have been reported to be as follows
- 4. • Wood • preserving 0.23-1.5, cooling tower blow down 10-60, • leather tanning 40, electroplating bath 15-70, anodizing • bath 15000-52000, dip bath 2000-75000.
- 5. • The amount of chromium compounds discharged through the waste streams of metal finishing industry is estimated to about 2.81 x 107 kg/year 8. 2 X 106 kg (as sodium dichromate). Approximatelyof chronium (as Cr • 2o3) are lost as waste from sodium dichromate manufacture each year.
- 6. • Chromate Reduction By the Flow Method • A glass column (ht. 50 em, dia 2.5 em) was packed • with 25 g of granulated slag (2-4 mm) from a steel plant. • While packing, the same weight (25 g) of glass beads was ~ • added to the slag to facilitate a convenient flow within • the column. Distilled water (20 ml) was then placed in • the column to s~bmerge the contents of the column. The • chromate solution of known concentration and acidity was • placed in a separatory funnel, and the chromate solution • was allowed to flow at a rate of 4.2-5.2 ml/min. The • first collection (20 ml) of the effluent which contained • mostly distilled water was rejected.
- 7. • vessels, and the concentrations of chromate were • determined titrimetrically using standard ferrous • ammonium sulfate solution, and ferroin as indicator. The • experiment was repeated using different concentrations • of chro'~ ite solutions, each time using a freshly packed • column.